MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS

SOLUTION : PRACTICE PAPER – 4

SECTION – A

Q. 1. (i) (d) (p ∧ q) → r
π
(ii) (d)
4
(iii) (d) 4

(iv) (a) 14

(v) (a) 1, − 6

(vi) (b) 8 sq units

(vii) (d) x2
1
(viii) (b)
81

Q. 2. (i) Since p → q ≡ ∼ p ∨ q, the given statement can be written as :

‘Prices do not increase or the wages rise.’

(ii) The vectors 2i − q j + 3k and 4i − 5j + 6k are collinear.
∴ the coefficients of i, j, k are proportional
2 −q 3
∴ = =
4 −5 6
q 1
∴ =
5 2
5
∴ q= .
2

(iii) s
1
dx
√11 − 4x2

s
1
dx
√(√11)2 − (2x)2

= sin−1 ( ) + c.
1 2x
2 √11

(iv) The equation of the line parallel to the line 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 is

2x + 3y + c = 0, where c is an arbitrary constant.
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
2×1+3 +0=0
dx
dy
∴ 3 +2=0
dx
This is the required D.E.

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 1

 SECTION – B

Q. 3. (i) Let p : n ∈ N, n2 + n is an even number.

q : n ∈ N, n2 − n is an odd number.
Then the symbolic form of the given statement is p  q.
The truth values of p and q are T and F respectively.
∴ the truth value of p  q is F. ... [T  F ≡ F]

(ii) Let p : ABC is a triangle and all its sides are equal.
q : Its all angles are equal.
Then the symbolic form of the given statement is p → q.
If the truth value of p is T, then the truth value of q is T.
∴ the truth value of p → q is T. ... [T → T ≡ T]

2 −2
Q. 4. A=[ ]
4 3

2 −2
∴ |A|=| | = 6 + 8 = 14 ≠ 0
4 3
∴ A−1 exists.
First we have to find cofactor matrix
= [Aij]2 × 2, where Aij = (−1)i + j Mij

Now, A11 = (−1)1 + 1 M11 = 3

A12 = (−1)1 + 2 M12 = −4
A21 = (−1)2 + 1 M21 = −(−2) = 2
A22 = (−1)2 + 2 M22 = 2
A11 A12 3 −4
∴ the cofactor matrix = [ ]=[ ]
A21 A22 2 2

3 2
∴ adj A = [ ]
−4 2
3 2
[ ].
1 1
∴ A−1 = (adj A) =
|A| 14 −4 2

π
Q. 5. tan−1 2x + tan−1 3x =
4
2x + 3x π
∴ tan−1 = , where 2x > 0, 3x > 0
1 − 2x × 3x 4
5x π
∴ = tan = 1
1 − 6x2 4
2
∴ 5x = 1 − 6x
∴ 6x2 + 5x − 1 = 0
∴ 6x2 + 6x − x − 1 = 0
∴ 6x (x + 1) −1(x + 1) = 0

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 ∴ (x + 1)(6x − 1) = 0
1
∴ x = −1 or x =
6
But x > 0 ∴ x ≠ −1
1
Hence, x = .
6

Q. 6. Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
2h a
∴ m1 + m2= − and m1 m2 =
b b
We are given that m2 = 3m1
2h 2h
∴ m1 + 3m1 = − ∴ 4m1 = −
b b
h
∴ m1 = − ... (1)
2b
a a
Also, m1(3m1) = ∴ 3m12 =
b b

∴ 3 (− ) =
h 2 a
... [By (1)]
2b b
3h2 a
∴ 2
=
4b b
∴ 3h2 = 4ab , as b ≠ 0.

Q. 7. Let A, B, C be the points whose position vectors a, b, c w. r. t. the origin are given by

a = 3i − 2 j + 4k, b = i + j + k, c = − i + 4 j − 2k

∴ AB = b − a = (i + j + k) − (3i − 2 j + 4k)

= − 2i + 3 j − 3k

and BC = c − b = (− i + 4 j − 2k) − (i + j + k)

= − 2i + 3 j − 3k

∴ AB = BC

∴ they are parallel to each other

But they have the point B in common.

∴ AB and BC are collinear vectors

Hence, the points A, B, C are collinear.

Q. 8. The vector equation of the line passing through the points A ( a ) and B ( b ) is
r = a + λ ( b − a ), λ is a scalar.
∴ the vector equation of the line passing through the points having position vectors
3i + 4j − 7k and 6i − j + k is r = ( 3i + 4j − 7k ) + λ [ ( 6i − j + k ) − ( 3i + 4j − 7 k ) ],

i.e. r = ( 3i + 4j − 7k ) + λ ( 3i − 5j + 8k ).

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 3

Q. 9. y=√tan x + √tan x + √tan x +...∞
∴ y2 = tan x + √tan x + √tan x +...∞
∴ y2 = tan x + y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy
2y = sec2x +
dx dx
dy
∴ (2y − 1) = sec2x
dx
dy sec2x
∴ = .
dx 2y − 1

Q. 10. Let I = s
√ tan x
dx
sin x . cos x
Dividing numerator and denominator by cos2x, we get

s
( )
√tan x
cos2 x
I= dx
( )
sin x
cos x

=s
√tan x . sec2 x
dx
tan x

=s
sec2 x
dx
√tan x
Put tan x = t ∴ sec2x dx = dt

∴ I=s
1 1
−
dt = ∫ t 2 dt
√t
1
t2
= + c = 2√t+c
1/2
= 2√tan x + c.

Q. 11. Let I = ∫ log ( ) dx

π/2
2 − sin x
−π/2 2 + sin x

Let f (x) = log ( )

2 − sin x
2 + sin x

∴ f (−x) = log [ ] = log ( )

2 − sin (−x) 2 + sin x
2 + sin (−x) 2 − sin x

= −log ( ) = −f (x)
2 − sin x
2 + sin x
∴ f is an odd function.
π/2
∴ ∫ f (x) dx = 0
− π /2

log ( ) dx = 0.
π/2
2 − sin x
∴ ∫
−π/2 2 + sin x

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 5 7
Q. 12. The equation of the line is 2y = 5x + 7, i.e. y = x +
2 2
Y
7
x+
=5 C
2y

D x=5
x=2
X' X
O A B

Y'
Required area=area of the region ABCDA
5 7
= area under the line y = x + between x = 2 and x = 5
2 2

= ∫ ( x + ) dx = ∫ x dx + ∫ 1 dx
5 5 7 5 5 7 5
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

= [ ] + [ x ] 52
5 x2 5 7
2 2 2 2

= [ − ] + [5−2]
5 25 4 7
2 2 2 2

5 21 21 105 42 147
= × + = + = sq units.
2 2 2 4 4 4

a
Q. 13. y = a + ... (1)
x
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

= (a + ) = 0 + a (− 2)
dy d a 1
dx dx x x
dy a dy
∴ =− 2 ∴ a = −x2
dx x dx
Substituting the value of a in (1), we get

+ (− x2 )
dy 1 dy
y= − x2
dx x dx
dy dy
∴ y = −x2 −x
dx dx
dy
∴ (x2 + x ) +y=0
dx
dy
∴ x (x + 1) +y=0
dx
This is the required D.E.

Q. 14. When three coins are tossed simultaneously, then the sample space is

{ HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT }

Let X denotes the number of tails.

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 5

 Then X can take the value 0, 1, 2, 3.
1
∴ P [ X=0 ] = P (0) =
8
3
P [ X = 1 ] = P (1) =
8
3
P [ X = 2 ] = P (2) =
8
1
P [ X = 3 ] = P (3) =
8
∴ the required probability distribution is

X=x 0 1 2 3
1 3 3 1
P (X = x)
8 8 8 8

SECTION – C
Q. 15.
p q ∼p ∼q p→ q (p → q) ∼ q [(p → q) ∼ q] →∼ p

T T F F T F T

T F F T F F T

F T T F T F T

F F T T T T T

All the entries in the last column of the above truth table are T.
∴ [( p → q )  ∼ q] →∼ p is a tautology.

Q. 16. Let tan−1x=α and tan−1y=β

∴ tan α=x, where −π/2 < α < π/2
and tan β=y, where − π/2 < β < π/2
Since x > 0, y > 0, therefore
0 < α < π/2 and 0 < β < π/2
tan α + tan β
Now, tan (α+β) =
1 − tan α tan β
x+y
= ... (1)
1 − xy
x+y
Since x > 0, y > 0, xy < 1, ∴ >0
1 − xy
∴ tan ( α + β ) > 0
Also, 0 < α < π/2 and 0 < β < π/2
∴ 0 < α+β < π
But tan ( α+β ) > 0 ∴ 0 < α+β < π/2

∴ from (1), we get, α + β = tan− 1( )

x+y
1 − xy

∴ tan− 1x + tan− 1y = tan− 1( ).

x+y
1 − xy

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 a b c
Q. 17. By sine rule = = =k
sin A sin B sin C

∴ a = k sin A, b = k sin B, c = k sin C

LHS = a sin A−b sin B
= k sin A ∙ sin A − k sin B ∙ sin B
= k (sin2A − sin2B)
= k (sin A + sin B)(sin A − sin B)

= k × 2 sin ( ) ∙ cos ( ) × 2 cos ( ) ∙ sin ( )

A+B A−B A+B A−B
2 2 2 2

= k × 2 sin ( ) ∙ cos ( ) × 2 sin ( ) ∙ cos ( )

A+B A+B A−B A−B
2 2 2 2
= k × sin (A + B) × sin (A − B)
= k sin (π − C) ∙ sin (A − B) ... [ A+B+C=π]
= k sin C ∙ sin (A − B)
= c sin (A − B) = RHS.

Q. 18. Let p, q, a, b be the position vectors of the points P, Q, A, B respectively w.r.t the origin.

Then p = − 2i + j + 3k, q = 3i + 2j + 5k,

a = 4i − 3j + 5k, b = 7i − 5j − k.

PQ = q − p = (3i + 2 j + 5k) − (−2i + j + 3k)

= 5i + j + 2k

and AB = b − a = (7i − 5 j − k) − (4i − 3 j + 5k)

= 3i − 2 j − 6k
∴ PQ · AB = (5i + j + 2k) ∙ (3i − 2 j − 6k)
= 5(3) + 1 (−2) + 2 (−6)
= 15 − 2 − 12 = 1
and | AB |2 = (3)2 + (−2)2 + (−6)2
= 9 + 4 + 36 = 49
∴ vector projection of PQ on AB
PQ ∙ AB
= AB
| AB |2
1
= (3i − 2 j − 6k)
49
3 2 6
= i − j − k.
49 49 49

Q. 19. Let PM be the perpendicular drawn from the point P (2, − 3, 1 ) to the line
x+1 y−3 z+1
= = =λ ... (Say)
2 3 −1
The coordinates of any point on the line are given by x = − 1 + 2λ, y = 3 + 3λ, z = − 1 − λ
Let the coordinates of M be ( − 1 + 2λ, 3 + 3λ, − 1 − λ) ... (1)

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 7

 The direction ratios of PM are
− 1 + 2λ − 2, 3 + 3λ + 3, − 1 − λ − 1
i.e. 2λ − 3, 3λ + 6, − λ − 2
The direction ratios of the given line are 2, 3, − 1.
Since PM is perpendicular to the given line, we get
2 (2λ − 3) + 3 (3λ + 6) − 1 ( − λ − 2) = 0
∴ 4λ − 6 + 9λ + 18 + λ + 2 = 0
∴ 14λ + 14 = 0
∴ λ = − 1.
Put λ = − 1 in (1), the coordinates of M are
( − 1 − 2, 3 − 3, − 1 + 1), i.e. ( − 3, 0, 0).
∴ length of perpendicular from P to the given line
= PM = √( − 3 − 2)2 + (0 + 3)2 + (0 − 1)2
=√25 + 9 + 1
=√35 units.

Q. 20. The acute angle θ between the line r = a + λ b and the plane r ∙ n = d is given by

sin θ = | |
b∙n
... (1)
| b || n |

Here b = i + j + k, n = 2i − j + k

∴ b ∙ n = (i + j + k) ∙ (2i − j + k)

= 1(2) + 1 (−1) + 1 (1)
=2−1+1=2

Also, | b | = √12 + 12 + 12 = √3

|b|=√22 + (−1)2 + 12 = √6
∴ From (1), we have

sin θ = | |=
2 √2
√3√6 3

∴ θ = sin−1 ( ).
√2
3

Q. 21. Let y = sin [2 tan−1 i ]

1−x
1+x
Put x = cos θ. Then θ = cos−1 x and

i =i =i
1−x 1 − cos θ 2 sin2 (θ / 2)
1+x 1 + cos θ 2 cos2 (θ /2)

itan2 = tan
θ θ
2 2

i = tan−1 [tan ]
1−x θ
∴ tan−1
1+x 2

8 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 θ 1
= = cos−1 x
2 2
1
∴ y = sin [2 × cos−1 x] = sin (cos−1 x)
2
dy d
∴ = [sin (cos−1 x)]
dx dx
d
= cos (cos−1 x) ∙ (cos−1 x)
dx
−1
=x×
√ 1 − x2
x
=− .
√1 − x2

Q. 22. The function f given as f (x) = log x is a logarithmic function which is continuous for all

positive real numbers.

Hence, it is continuous on [ 1, e ] and differentiable on (1, e). Thus, the function f satisfies

the conditions of Lagrange’s mean value theorem.

f (e) − f (1)
∴ there exists c ∈ (1, e) such that f ′(c) = ... (1)
e−1
Now, f (x) = log x

∴ f (1) = log 1 = 0 and f (e) = log e = 1

d 1
Also, f ′(x) = (log x) =
dx x
1
∴ f ′(c) =
c
1 1−0 1
∴ from (1), = =
c e−1 e−1
∴ c = e − 1 ∈ (1, e)

Hence, Lagrange’s mean value theorem is verified.

Q. 23. Let I = s etan

−1
x 1 + x + x2
dx
1 + x2

= s etan
−1
x 1
(1 + x + x2) ∙ dx
1 + x2
1
Put tan−1 x = t ∴ dx = dt
1 + x2
and x = tan t

∴ I = ∫ et (1 + tan t + tan2t) dt

= ∫ et (tan t + sec2t) dt

Let f(t) = tan t. Then f ′(t) = sec2t

∴ I = ∫ et (f(t) + f ′(t)) dt

= et ∙ f(t) + c = et ∙ tan t + c
−1 −1
= etan x
∙ x + c = x etan x
+ c.

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 9

 dy
Q. 24. x + 2y = x2 ∙ log x
dx
dy 2
∴ + ∙ y = x ∙ log x ... (1)
dx x
This is the linear differential equation of the form
dy 2
+ P ∙ y= Q, where P = and Q = x ∙ log x
dx x
2 1
∴ I.F. = e ∫ P dx = e ∫ x dx = e 2 ∫ x dx
2
= e 2 log x = e log x = x2
∴ the solution of (1) is given by
y ∙ (I.F.) = ∫ Q ∙ (I.F.) dx + c
∴ y ∙ x2 = ∫(x log x) ∙ x2 dx + c
∴ x2 ∙ y = ∫ x3 ∙ log x dx + c

= (log x) ∫ x3 dx − s [
d
(log x) ∫x3 dx] dx + c
dx

− s ∙ dx + c
x4 1 x4
= (log x) ∙
4 x 4
1 4 1
= x log x − ∫ x3dx + c
4 4
1 1 x4
∴ x2∙y = x4 log x − ∙ + c
4 4 4
x4 log x x4
∴ x2y = − +c
4 16
This is the general solution.

Q. 25. Since the function f is the p.d.f. of X,

∞
∫ f (x) dx = 1
−∞
0 1 ∞
∴ ∫ f (x) dx + ∫ f (x) dx + ∫ f (x) dx = 1
−∞ 0 1
1
∴ 0 + ∫ kx (1 − x) dx + 0 = 1
0
1
∴ k ∫ (x − x2) dx = 1
0

∴ k[ − ] =1
x2 x3 1
2 3 0
1 1
∴ k − −0 =1
2 3
k
∴ =1 ∴ k = 6.
6
1 1/2
P X< = ∫ f (x) dx
2 −∞

0 1/2
= ∫ f (x) dx + ∫ f (x) dx
−∞ 0

1/2
= 0 + ∫ kx (1 − x) dx
0

10 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 = k ∫ (x − x2) dx = k [ − ]
1/2
1/2 x2 x3
0 2 3 0

= k [ − − 0] = k
1 1 2
8 24 24
1
=6 ... [∵ k=6]
12
1 1
∴ P X< = .
2 2

Q. 26. Given : X ∼ B (n = 5, p )

The probability of X successes is

P (X = x) = nCx px qn−x, x = 0, 1, 2, ..., n

i.e. P (X = x) = 5Cx px q5−x, x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Probabilities of one and two successes are

P (X = 1) = 5C1 p1 q5−1 and

P (X = 2) = 5C2 p2 q5−2 respectively.

Given : P (X = 1) = 0.4096 and P (X = 2) = 0.2048

P (X = 2) 0.2048
∴ =
P (X = 1) 0.4096
5
C2 p2 q5−2 1
i.e. 5
=
C1 p1 q5−1 2

i.e. 2 × 5C2 p2 q3 = 1 × 5C1 pq4

5×4
i.e. 2 × × p2 q3 = 1 × 5 × pq4
1×2

i.e. 20p2q3 = 5pq4

i.e. 4p = q

i.e. 4p = 1 − p

i.e. 5p = 1
1
∴ p=
5
1
Hence, the probability of success is .
5

SECTION – D

Q. 27. The given equations can be written in the matrix form as :

1 2 1 x 8
 2 3 −1   y  =  11 
3 −1 −2 z 5
By R2−2R1 and R3−3R1, we get
1 2 1 x 8
 0 −1 −3   y  =  −5 
0 −7 −5 z −19

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 11

 By R3 − 7R2, we get
1 2 1 x 8
 0 −1 −3   y  =  −5 
0 0 16 z 16
x + 2y + z 8
∴  0 − y − 3z= −5 
0 + 0 + 16z 16
By equality of matrices
x + 2y + z = 8 ... (1)
− y − 3z = −5 ... (2)
16z = 16 ... (3)
From (3), z = 1
Substituting z = 1 in (2), we get
−y−3 = −5, ∴ y=2
Substituting y = 2, z = 1 in (1), we get
x+4+1=8 ∴ x=3
Hence, x = 3, y = 2, z = 1 is the required solution.

Q. 28. The given equation represents a pair of lines perpendicular to each other
∴ ( coefficient of x2 ) + ( coefficient of y2 ) = 0
∴ p+3=0 ∴ p = −3
With this value of p, the given equation is
− 3x2− 8xy + 3y2 + 14x + 2y + q = 0.
Comparing this equation with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we have
a = −3, h = −4, b = 3, g = 7, f = 1 and c = q.
a h g −3 −4 7
∴ D = h b f  =  −4 3 1 
g f c 7 1 q
= −3 (3q − 1) + 4 (− 4q − 7)+ 7 (− 4− 21)

= −9q + 3 − 16q − 28 − 175

= −25q − 200 = −25 (q + 8)

Since the given equation represents a pair of lines, D = 0
∴ − 25( q + 8) = 0 ∴ q = −8.
Hence, p = − 3 and q = − 8.

Q. 29. Let a, b, r be coplanar.

Take any point O in the plane of a, b and r. Represents the B
vectors a, b and r by OA, OB and OR.
Q R
Take the point P on a and Q on b such that OPRQ is a
parallelogram. r

Now, OP and OA are collinear vectors.

A
O P

12 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 ∴ there exists a non-zero scalar t1 such that
OP = t1 ∙ OA = t1 ∙ a.
Also, OQ and OB are collinear vectors.
∴ there exists a non-zero scalar t2 such that
OQ = t2 ∙ OB = t2 ∙ b.
Now, by parallelogram law of addition of vectors
OR = OP+OQ ∴ r = t1a + t2b

Thus, r is expressed as a linear combination t1a + t2b

Uniqueness :
Let, if possible, r = t1′a + t2′ b, where t1′ and t2′ are non-zero scalars. Then,
t1a + t2b = t1′a + t2′ b
∴ (t1 − t1′) a = −(t2 − t2′) b ... (1)
We want to show that t1 = t1′ and t2 = t2′.
Suppose t1 ≠ t1′, i.e. t1 − t1′ ≠ 0 and t2 ≠ t2′, i.e. t2 − t2′ ≠ 0.
Then dividing both sides of (1) by t1 − t1′, we get

)b
t2 − t2′
a = −(
t1 − t1′
This shows that the vector a is a non-zero scalar multiple of b.
∴ a and b are collinear vectors.

This is a contradiction, since a, b are given to be non-collinear.

∴ t1 = t1′
Similarly, we can show that t2 = t2′.
This shows that r is uniquely expressed as a linear combination t1a + t2b.

Conversely :
Let r = t1a + t2b, where t1, t2 are scalars.

Since a, b are coplanar, t1a, t2b are also coplanar.

∴ r = t1a + t2b is coplanar with a and b.

Q. 30. First we draw the lines AB, CD and EF whose equations are x + 2y = 3, x + 4y = 4 and
3x + y = 3 respectively.

Points on Points on
Line Equation Sign Region
the X-axis the Y-axis
non-origin side of the
B ( 0, )
3
AB x + 2y = 3 A (3, 0) ≥
2 line AB

non-origin side of the

CD x + 4y = 4 C (4, 0) D (0, 1) ≥
line CD

non-origin side of the

EF 3x + y = 3 E (1, 0) F (0, 3) ≥
line EF

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 13

 Y
Scale : On both X-axis and
Y-axis : 1 cm = 1 unit

F
3

2
B
Q
1
D P
E A C
X' O 1 3x + 2 3 4 5 6 X
x+ x+4
2y y=4
=3
y=

Y'
3

The feasible region is XCPQFY which is shaded in the graph.

The vertices of the feasible region are C (4, 0), P, Q and F (0, 3).
P is the point of intersection of the lines x + 4y = 4 and x + 2y = 3.
On subtracting, we get
1
2y = 1 ∴ y=
2
1
Substituting y = in x + 2y = 3, we get
2
1 1
x+2 =3 ∴ x=2 ∴ P ≡ 2,
2 2
Q is the point of intersection of the lines
x + 2y = 3 ... (1)
and 3x + y = 3 ... (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3, we get
3x + 6y = 9
Subtracting equation (2) from this equation, we get
6
5y = 6 ∴ y=
5
6
∴ from (1), x + 2 =3
5
12 3 3 6
∴ x=3− = ∴ Q≡ ,
5 5 5 5
The values of the objective function z = 6x + 21y at these vertices are
z (C) = 6(4) + 21(0) = 24
1
z (P) = 6 (2) + 21 = 12 + 10.5 = 22.5
2
3 6 18 126 144
z (Q) = 6 + 21 = + = = 28.8
5 5 5 5 5
z (F) = 6(0) + 21(3) = 63
1
∴ z has minimum value 22.5, when x = 2 and y = .
2

14 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 31. Given : x = f (t) and y = g (t).
Let δx and δy be the increments in x and y respectively, corresponding to the increment
δt in t.
Since x and y are differentiable functions of t,
dx δx dy δy
= lim and = lim ... (1)
dt δt→0 δt dt δt→0 δt
Also, as δt → 0, δx → 0 ... (2)
δy ( δy /δt )
Now, = ... [δt ≠ 0 ]
δx ( δx / δt )
Taking limits as δt → 0, we get

lim
δy ( δy/δt )
= lim
δt→0 δx δt→0 ( δx/ δt )
lim ( δy/δt )
lim
δy δt→0 ( dy/dt )
= = ... [ By (1) and (2)]
δx→0 δx lim ( δx/ δt ) ( dx/ dt )
δt→0
∵ the limits in RHS exist
δy dy
∴ lim exists and is equal to
δx→0 δx dx
dy dy/dt dx
∴ = , if ≠ 0.
dx dx/dt dt
dy
To find , if x = a cot θ, y = b cosec θ :
dx
x = a cot θ, y = b cosec θ
Differentiating x and y w.r.t. θ, we get
dx d
= a (cot θ) = a ( − cosec2 θ)
dθ dθ
= − a cosec2 θ
dy d
and = b (cosec θ) = b ( −cosec θ cot θ)
dθ dθ
= − b cosec θ cot θ
dy ( dy/dθ ) − b cosec θ cot θ
∴ = =
dx ( dx/ dθ ) − a cosec2 θ
b cot θ b cos θ
= ∙ = × × sin θ
a cosec θ a sin θ
b
= cos θ.
a

Q. 32. Let I = ∫ √x2 − a2 dx = ∫ √x2 − a2 . 1 dx

x2 − a2 . ∫ 1 dx − s [
d
=√ (√x2 − a2 ) . ∫ 1 dx] dx
dx

x2 − a2 . x−s [ . d ( x2 − a2 ) . x ] dx
1
=√
2√x − a dx
2 2

1
=√x2 − a2 . x−s ( 2x − 0 ) . x dx
2√x2 − a2

x2 − a2 . x − s
x . x dx
=√
√x − a2
2

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 15

 x2 − a2 − s
x2 − a2 + a2
=x√ dx
√x2 − a2

x2 − a2 dx − a s
2 dx
=x√x2 − a2 − ∫ √
√x2 − a2
2
=x√x2 − a2 − I − a log | x + √x2 − a2 | + c1

2
∴ 2I = x √x2 − a2 − a log | x + √x2 − a2 | + c1
x a2 c1
∴ I= √x2 − a2 − log | x + √x2 − a2 | +
2 2 2
x a2 c1
∴ ∫√x2 − a2 dx = √x2 − a2 − log | x + √x2 − a2 | + c, where c = .
2 2 2

Q. 33. Let r be the radius, S be the surface area and V be the volume of the sphere at
any time t.
4
Then V = πr3 ... (1)
3
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get
dV 4π dr dr
= × 3r2 = 4πr2
dt 3 dt dt

... [Given :
dr dV
∴ 4π = 4πr2 = 4π cc/sec]
dt dt
dr 1
∴ = ... (2)
dt r2
When volume is 288π cc, we get
4 3
πr = 288π ... [By (1)]
3
∴ r3 = 216 ∴ r=6
dr 1
∴ from (2), we get, =
dt 36
1
∴ radius is increasing at the rate of cm/sec.
36
Now, S = 4πr2

Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get

dS dr dr
= 4π × 2r = 8πr
dt dt dt
dr 1
But r = 6 cm and = cm/sec
dt 36
dS 1 4π
∴ = 8π(6) =
dt 36 3
1
Hence, radius of the spherical ball is increasing at the rate of cm/sec and surface
36
4π
area is increasing at the rate of cm2/sec.
3

Q. 34. Let I = s
log (x + 1)
dx
x2 + 1
0
Put x = tan θ ∴ dx = sec2 θ dθ and
x2 + 1 = tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ

16 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

When x = 0, tan θ = 0 ∴ θ=0

When x = 1, tan θ = 1 ∴ θ = π/4

π/4

∴ I= s
log (tan θ + 1)
∙ sec2 θ d θ
sec2 θ
0
π/4

= ∫ log (1 + tan θ)d θ ... (1)

0

a a
We use the property, ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a − x) dx.
0 0

π π
Here, a = , Hence, changing θ by − θ, we have
4 4
π/4

I = s log [1 + tan −θ ]dθ

π
4
0

π/4

= s log 1 +
1 − tan θ
dθ
1 + tan θ
0

π/4

= s log
1 + tan θ + 1 − tan θ
dθ
1 + tan θ
0

π/4

= s log
2
dθ
1 + tan θ
0

π/4

= ∫ [log 2 − log (1 + tan θ)] d θ

0
π/4 π/4

= log 2 ∫ 1 d θ − ∫ log (1 + tan θ) d θ

0 0

π/4 π
= (log 2) [θ]0 − I = log 2 − I
4
π π
∴ 2I = log 2 ∴ I = log 2.
4 8
————

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 17