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CSYS SumUp

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12 views13 pages

CSYS SumUp

Uploaded by

crssrygcjw
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Systems Lessons sum-up

Michel NEUBA
Scope and Coverage
This topic will cover:
●
Module Overview & Syllabus Introduction
●
Computer Types & Classifications
●
Computing – Historical Evolution & Key Landmarks
●
Computing – The Situation Today
●
Computing – Being a Futurologist
Module Syllabus
1.Introduction to Computer Systems
2.Computers & Their Environments
3.Computer Hardware & Components
4.Computer Peripherals & Accessories
5.Computer Software & Languages
6.Operating Systems & Interfaces
Module Syllabus
7.Software & System Testing
8.Maintenance – Software
9.Maintenance – Hardware
10.File & Data Management
11.Systems Development – Lifecycles &
Methodologies
12.Future Trends in Computing & Communication
Computer Systems
Topic 1:
Introduction to Computer Systems
What is a ‘Computer’?
• A ‘computer’ is anything – human or machine – that
‘computes’, ‘calculates’ or performs ‘computations’
• ‘Human computers’ have been around as long as
the concepts of numbers, measurement and
calculations
• The first recorded use of the word ‘computer’ was
in 1613 by Richard Braithwaite...
http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-timeline.pl
Classifying Computers – A Summary
• So far, we have examined the two extremes of computing platforms
• The very small (embedded processors and sensors)
• The very large (Internet of Things and Cloud Computing)
• In the middle are human-scale computing devices…
• Server
• Desktop
• Laptop
• Netbook
• Tablet
• Smartphone
• Games Consoles
Classifying Computers – A Comparison
• Each device has different characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, features, functions and applications…
Device Price Power Strengths Weaknesses Usage

Server HIGH HIGH RELIABILITY COST HOSTING WEB &


POWER NOT PORTABLE DATABASE S/W

Desktop MEDIUM HIGH-MEDIUM GENERAL PURPOSE LACK OF PORTABILITY ANYTHING DONE AT A


EASY TO USE DESK

Laptop MEDIUM MEDIUM PORTABILITY LESS POWER THAN ANYTHING DONE ON


GENERAL PURPOSE DESKTOP THE MOVE

Netbook LOW LOW PORTABILITY LESS POWER THAN ANYTHING DONE ON


GENERAL PURPOSE DESKTOP THE MOVE

Tablet LOW LOW PORTABILITY LESS POWER THAN ANYTHING DONE ON


GENERAL PURPOSE DESKTOP THE MOVE

Smartphone LOW-MEDIUM LOW PORTABILITY BATTERY LIFE ANYTHING DONE ON


EVERYTHING IN ONE SIGNAL STRENGTH THE MOVE

Games Console LOW-MEDIUM MEDIUM-HIGH OPTIMIZED FOR GRAPHICS NOT GENERAL PURPOSE PLAYING GAMES
INTERNET ACCESS
Classifying Computers – HPC
• HPC stands for High Performance Computing - often known
as ‘super computing’ - the elite, specialized end of the
computing spectrum
• Normally used in scientific applications like genetics,
astronomy or meteorology where massive data sets and
complex operations need to be performed
• It can involve a single, ultra-powerful machine or a cluster of
lesser machines acting together
• The key principles used are pipelining, parallelization &
aggregation
Classifying Computers – HPC
• In pipelining, the task to be performed is broken down into a
series of sequential steps, with the output of one stage feeding
into the input of the next stage – like a car production line
• In parallelization, the data and code acting on that data are
decomposed into ‘streams’ or ‘threads’ or activity, each running in
isolation concurrently to the others
• In aggregation, the various results from different streams or
threads are then merged into a single final result
Step A Step B Step C Step D
Parallelize Aggregate

Step A Step B Step C Step D


Classifying Computers – HPC
• Cray Research
• http://www.cray.com/
• Fujitsu
• http://www.fujitsu.com/global/products/computing/servers/
supercomputer/primehpc-fx100/
• IBM
• https://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/us-en/hpc/
• HP & Intel
• http://www8.hp.com/uk/en/hp-intel-computing-center/overview.html
• Silicon Graphics
• http://www.sgi.com/products/servers/
Computers – The Future?
We have already seen some of the trends that will dominate the future:

1.Remote sensing and control (CCTV, home automation, IoT etc.)


2.Big Data by Machines – all that sensing captures a lot of data
3.Big Data by Humans – all those social media uploads and tweets
4.Nanotechnology – smaller is often better – it gets you into more places
5.Data Analytics – all the above Big Data has to be processed & analyzed
6.Always On – users demand 24x7 access – anywhere (cloud computing)
7.Novel interfaces – we can do better than a keyboard and screen!
8.Biometric security – hard to hack a (living) thumb or iris scan!
9.Mobility – 5G and other technologies for enhanced on-the-go computing
References
– http://www.computerhistory.org/
– http://www.tnmoc.org/
– https://www.bletchleypark.org.uk/
– http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/
– http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computing-
timeline.pl
– http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/

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