COD REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

EC2 BEAM DESIGN

Design an interior beam of the dimension of h=390 mm and b=230
mm and span=6m subjected to an ultimate design sagging moment of
165 kNm and ultimate shear force of 110 kN.

DESIGN DATA
Rectangular beam, fyk=500 N/mm2,fck= 25 N/mm2, b=230mm,
h=390mm, d=330 mm, d’=50 mm

(d and d’ are determined by the main bar, link and cover size)
d=390-25-8-32/2=539mm (assume main bar dia= 32mm, link
diameter 10mm, concrete cover=25mm, then d=390-25-8-
32/2=539mm, and d’=25+8+32/2=49mm)

Cl. 9.2.1.1 Minimum 𝐴𝑠 =0.0013x330x230=99mm2

Table 3.1 Maximum 𝐴𝑠 =0.04 x330x230=3036mm2

DURABILITY AND FIRE RESISTANCE

Assume bar diameters=20mm
Minimum cover 𝑐𝑚𝑖𝑛
EC2-1-1 Exposure class
Table 4.1 Assume exposure class XC1-Cover=15 mm (Table A.6 BS8500)
Table 4.2 Cover for bond conditions=1∅ = 25
Cl.4.4.1.2(3)

EC2-1-2 Fire resistance

Cl.5.6.3 Assume minimum breadth of 230mm
Table 5.5 Assume standard fire resistance=R30, thus a=15mm for simply
supported and a=12 for continuous Cover=35mm
𝑐𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 25 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥.

EC2-1-1
cl. 4.4.1.1(2)P 𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝑐𝑚𝑖𝑛 + ∆𝑐𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 25 + 10 = 35𝑚𝑚

Cover to the main reinforcement is 49 mm>35 mm. OK

FLEXURAL DESIGN
From bending moment diagram, M=165 kNm
Fig. 3.3 𝐾′ = 0.167
Fig. 3.4 𝑀 165 × 106
Fig. 3.5 𝐾= = = 0.264 > 𝐾
𝑓𝑐𝑘. 𝑏𝑑2 25 × 230 × 3302
Figure 6.1
Table 3.1 Compression reinforcement required.
(stress blocks) 𝑥 = 0.45𝑑 = 0.45 × 330 = 148𝑚𝑚
cl.5.6.3(2) 𝑑′ 50
= = 0.34 < 0.38
𝑥 148
Therefore compression steel has yielded, thus 𝑓𝑠𝑐. = 0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘.
COD REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

(𝐾 − 𝐾 ′ )𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 𝑏𝑑2
𝐴𝑆′ =
(𝑑 − 𝑑′ ) ∗ 0.87𝑓𝑦
(0.264 − 0.167)25 × 230 × 3302
𝐴𝑆′ = = 498 𝑚𝑚2
(330 − 50) × 0.87 × 500

Provide 2T20 (628mm2) at the bottom

628
𝜌′ = 100 × = 0.83%
230 × 330

Cl.9.3.1.1(1) 𝜌′ is above minimum 0.13% and below maximum 4%

Cl.9.2.1.1(1)
With 𝑧𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.82𝑑

𝐾 ′ ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑢 ∗ 𝑏𝑑2
𝐴𝑠 = + 𝐴𝑆′
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧𝑏𝑎𝑙
0.167 × 25 × 230 × 3302
𝐴𝑠 = + 𝐴𝑆′ = 2244 𝑚𝑚2
0.87 × 500 × 0.82 × 330

𝐴𝑠 = 888 + 498 = 1386 𝑚𝑚2

Provide 3T25 (1470mm2) at the top

1470
𝜌 = 100 × = 1.93%
230 × 330
Cl.9.3.1.1(1) 𝜌 is above minimum 0.13% and below maximum 4%
Cl.9.2.1.1(1)

Check the area of steel required for ductility of the section

𝐴′𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 − 𝐴′𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 ≥ 𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 − 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 Provide 2T20
628 − 498 ≥ 1470 − 1386 top 3T25
130 ≥ 84 bottom
Therefore satisfactory

IF, M=80 kNm

𝐾 = 0.167
𝑀 80 × 106
Fig. 3.3 𝐾= = = 0.128 < 𝐾 ;
𝑓𝑐𝑢. 𝑏𝑑2 25 × 230 × 3302
Fig. 3.4
Fig. 3.5 Compression reinforcement not required.
Figure 6.1
Table 3.1 𝐾
𝑧 = 𝑑 ⌈0.5 + √(0.25 − )⌉ = 0.87𝑑 ≤ 0.95𝑑
(stress blocks) 1.134
cl.5.6.3(2)
𝑧 = 287 𝑚𝑚
𝑀 80 × 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 641 𝑚𝑚2
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧 0.87 × 500 × 287
COD REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Provide 2T16+1T20 (402+314=716mm2) at the bottom

716
𝜌 = 100 × = 0.94%
230 × 330

Cl.9.3.1.1(1) 𝜌 is above minimum 0.13% and below maximum 4%

Cl.9.2.1.1(1)
For top reinforcement, provide minimum reinforcement

𝜌′ = 0.13%

𝐴𝑆′ = 99 𝑚𝑚2

Provide 2T10 (157mm2) at the bottom

The rest of the procedures will be as discussed

Table 7.4N DEFLECTION

cl.7.4.2 Check span/effective depth ratio
𝜌0 =√𝑓𝑐𝑘 × 10−3 = 0.005
𝜌 = 100𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 /𝑏𝑑

1386
𝜌 = 100 × = 1.83%
230 × 330
498
𝜌′ = 100 × = 0.66
230 × 330

Simply supported

𝐾=1
1
𝑙 𝜌0 1 𝜌′ 2
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( ) + √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( ) ] 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 > 𝜌0
𝑑 𝜌 − 𝜌′ 12 𝜌0
1
𝑙 0.005 1 0.66 2
= 1.0 [11 + 1.5√25 ( ) + √25 ( ) ] = 15.8
𝑑 1.83 − 0.66 12 0.005

310𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 310 × 500 × 1386

𝜎𝑠 = = = 292 𝑁𝑚𝑚−2
500𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 500 × 1470
𝑙 310
𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 6.5 × = 6.9
𝑑 292

Actual span-effective depth ratio=6000/330=18>allowable l/d , not Deflection

ok not ok

What if the length is longer than 6 m?

SHEAR DESIGN
COD REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

cl. 6.2.3 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 110 𝑘𝑁

Crushing strength of the concrete diagonal strut.

cl. 6.2.3(3) 𝑉𝑅𝑑,(22) = 0.124𝑏𝑤 𝑑(1 − 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /250 )𝑓𝑐𝑘

(UK annex) 25
𝑉𝑅𝑑,(22) = 0.124 × 230 × 330 (1 − ) 25 = 211𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
250

𝑉𝑅𝑑,(45) = 0.18𝑏𝑤 𝑑(1 − 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /250 )𝑓𝑐𝑘

25
𝑉𝑅𝑑,(45) = 0.18 × 230 × 330 (1 − ) 25 = 307 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
250
cl. 6.2.3(2) Therefore the angle 𝜃 = 22° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 2.5

If 𝑉𝑅𝑑,(22) < 𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,(45) determine 𝜃

305
𝜃 = 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 { } ≤ 45°
437
𝜃 = 22.13°
If 𝑉𝐸𝑑 > 𝑉𝑅𝑑,(45) increase the size of the cross-section

𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝐸𝑑
=
𝑠 0.78𝑑𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝐴𝑠𝑤 110 × 103
= = 0.34
𝑠 0.78 × 330 × 500 × 2.5

Using T8 links, 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 50𝑚𝑚2

One leg
50
𝑠= = 148 𝑚𝑚
0.34
Provide 1 leg- T8 links at 145 mm spacing
Two legs
2 × 50
cl.9.2.2(5) 𝑠= = 296 𝑚𝑚
0.34
Provide 2 leg-T8 links at 290 mm spacing

Minimum links
𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.08𝑓𝑦𝑘 0.5 𝑏𝑤
=
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.08 × 250.5 × 230
= = 0.12 < 0.34, 𝑂𝑘
Cl.9.2.2.(6) 𝑠 500
Maximum spacing= 0.75d=247 mm Provide T8
Provide T8 links at 240 mm spacing links at 240
𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 mm spacing
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.78𝑑𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑠
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.16 × 0.78 × 330 × 500 × 2.5 = 51𝑘𝑁
Extent of shear links
Required from the face of the support till 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 51𝑘𝑁

cl. 6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal tensile force

∆𝐹𝑡𝑑 = 0.5𝑉𝐸𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
COD REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

∆𝐹𝑡𝑑 = 0.5 × 110 × 2.5 = 137.5 𝑘𝑁

cl. 8.2 SPACING

cl. 7.3.1.5 Minimum spacing =25mm (max aggreg+5mm) or max bar size
cl. 7.3.3(2) Maximum spacing
table 7.2N Steel stress
Table 7.3N 310𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 310 × 500 × 1386
𝜎𝑠 = = = 292𝑁𝑚𝑚−2
500𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 500 × 1470
Therefore maximum spacing =137.5 mm< spacing
BOTTOM
Spacing of outer bars =230-2x25-2x8-25-25=114
Therefore spacing=(114-25)/2=44.5mm >minimum spacing,
<maximum spacing, OK
TOP
Spacing of outer bars =230-2x25-2x8-20-20=124
Therefore spacing=124 mm >minimum spacing, <maximum spacing, Spacing ok
OK
When do you consider maximum bar size?

cl. 9.2.1.2.(1) CURTAILMENT

Cl. 9.2.1.4. (1)
Cl. 9.2.1.5.(1)