MINI PROJECT PRACTICUM REPORT

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM

(19G04132501)

AQID MUKHTAR
G041201009

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM LABORATORY

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY
MAKASSAR
202
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL SYSTEM

Aqid Mukhtar1 ) , Andi Refi Mustaqim2) and Muh. Putra Ansyari Naim2)
1)
Practicum practicum of Automatic Control Systems Agricultural Engineering Study Program,
Hasanuddin University
2)
Assistant Practicum for Automatic Control Systems, Agricultural Engineering Study Program,
Hasanuddin University

ABSTRACT
The agricultural sector faces various complex problems, such as controlling pests and
plant diseases, efficient management of water and soil and increasing agricultural
productivity. One solution to overcome this problem is to use a fuzzy logic based control
system . The purpose of doing the Fuzzy Logic Control System practicum is to be able to
understand the basic concepts of the Fuzzy Logic system and know how to make programs
using the MatLab application on a circuit. The usefulness of doing the Fuzzy Logic
Control System practicum is to be able to apply the Fuzzy Logic control system in the
agricultural sector. The method used in this practicum is to assemble a circuit that uses
an expert system. The results obtained are to more easily understand the concept of fuzzy
logic by using the MatLab software which consists of several stages, namely fuzzification,
fuzzy inference system and defuzzification. The conclusion obtained is that fuzzy logic
can be used to assist in making decisions from uncertainty, especially in the agricultural
sector which can assist in controlling a system.

Keywords: Feedback, Fuzzy, Sugeno.

INTRODUCTION
Background
One of the problems in agriculture is increasing productivity and production efficiency.
In addition, the agricultural sector faces various complex problems, such as controlling
pests and plant diseases, efficient management of water and soil and increasing
agricultural productivity. One solution to overcome this problem is to use a control system
based on fuzzy logic. Fuzzy Logic based control systems allow us to integrate uncertain
information, such as weather data, soil quality, humidity and other environmental factors,
in decision making. Taking into account various factors based on Fuzzy Logic can
optimize the use of resources and increase agricultural productivity.
Fuzzy logic is an appropriate way to map an input space in an output space. In fuzzy
logic, there are three methods, namely, the Tsukamoto method, the Mamdani method and
the Sugeno method. The determination of the inference model must be exactly according
to the data to be processed because the treatment of each method is a fuzzy different
inference system and has characteristics of membership function and fuzzy set. In
developing a fuzzy logic algorithm, the decision-making main frame consists of input,
process and output ( Alimuddin, A. 2020).
Fuzzy control is very simple and consists of input, management and output. At the
input stage, the sensor data is mapped to the membership function of the truth values. The
management stage involves each correct rule and each rule generates results, then the
results of the rules are combined. Finally, the output stage converts the combined results
into output control values. Fuzzy system variables include input and output variables. The

1
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

input variables are obtained from the process being controlled and the input variables are
determined by the fuzzy logic control . In a closed loop FLC system, the input variable E
consists of an error (e) and an error derivative (de), while the output variable is the
control signal (u) ( Sinadia, B, S. 2018).
fuzzy inference system is a fuzzy inference method for rules represented in the IF-
THEN form, where the output or consequence of the system is not in the form of fuzzy
sets , but in the form of constants or linear equations. This method was introduced by
Takagi-Sugeno Kang in 1985. The reasoning with the Sugeno method is almost the same
as Mamdani's reasoning, it's just that the output or consequences of the system are not in
the form of fuzzy sets , but in the form of constants or linear equations ( Setiawan, 2018).
An important part of fuzzy rule-based This system uses IF-THEN rules, which
contain antecedents and consequents for changing fuzzy statements. A fuzzy rule-based
system will be adjusted by the knowledge base, including providing information by
experts in the form of fuzzy language rules. Fuzzification of the interface will give the
effect of transforming certain data into fuzzy sets. While inferences the system will be
used together with the knowledge base to make inferences in the middle with the method
of consideration or causation. Then defuzzification the interface will translate fuzzy rules
and get real action using the defuzzification method (Setiawan, 2018).
Pulse width modulation, abbreviated as PWM, is a technique for producing an analog
signal in the form of pulses using a digital process. PWM is also known as pulse duration
modulation because the resulting signal is in the form of a pulse which can be adjusted
for the width and narrowness of the signal by manipulating the signal duration. PMW is
a mechanism to generate an output signal whose period repeats between high and low ,
where we can control the duration of the high and low signal as desired. Pulse width
modulation (PWM) controls the specifics of the analog quantity by varying the pulse
width with a fixed frequency rectangular wave (Fernando et al., 2021).
One of the components in making a control system is the sensor. Sensors are
components that play a very important role in a system such as an expert system because
they can detect a change automatically. The sensor acts as a signal or parameter detector
in a condition. The sensor detect changes in the environment by converting electrical
quantities into physical, chemical, mechanical quantities and so on into information. The
reading value from the sensor is used as a feedback value that determines an automation
system changing conditions to match the setpoint (Mariadi et al., 2016).
Software proteus and fritzing have differences. The difference between the two
softwares that is software proteus is used to simulate circuits that are made in real terms
so that by testing them in the software, we can find out whether the circuits that are made
are successful or fail so as to reduce the risk of damage to the components in the circuit,
while fritzing is only used to design or sketch a circuit, cannot be used to simulate the
circuit that is created. Fritzing helps in making electronic designs which are often used to
design in terms of concept drawings only while proteus is used for virtualization of
electronic circuits that will be implemented in PCB form (Firdaus & Al Fansah, 2020) .
Based on the description in above , then a Fuzzy Logic Control System practicum is
carried out to understand the basic concepts of the Fuzzy Logic system and know how to
make programs using the MatLab application on a circuit.

2
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

Purpose and benefit

Fuzzy Logic Control System practicum is to be able to understand the basic concepts of
the Fuzzy Logic system and know how to make programs using the MatLab application
on a circuit.
Fuzzy Logic Control System practicum is to be able to apply the Fuzzy Logic control
system in the agricultural sector.

PRACTICUM METHODOLOGY
Time and place
Practice The Fuzzy Logic Control System was carried out on Monday, 03 April 2023 at
12.30 WITA until it was finished at the Soil and Water Engineering Laboratory,
Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology,
Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.
Tool
The tools used in the Fuzzy Logic Control System practicum are Arduino Uno, DHT21
sensor, LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display ), SSR ( Solid State Relay ), breadboard , jumper
cables, USB cables, laptops, stationery and cellphone cameras .
Material
The materials used in the Fuzzy Logic Control System practicum are Arduino IDE,
Proteus and Matlab software .
Practicum Procedure
Control System practicum procedure Experts are as follows:
1. Prepare tools and materials.
2. Doing fuzzy set simulation in Matlab.
3. Assemble the tool according to the data sheet .
4. Create a Fuzzy Logic control system program language using the Arduino IDE
software .
5. Conduct trials on a circuit connected to a lamp with a fuzzy logic control system.
6. Documenting practicum activities .

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Figure 1 3. Surface from Matlab Simulation.

3
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

Figure 14. Ruler from Matlab Simulation.

Figure 1 5 . Proteus Simulation Results .

Figure 1 6 . Results of the Fuzzy Control System Circuit .

Discussion
Fuzzy Logic Control System practicum that has been carried out, it can be seen in Figure
14 that the display surface is used to visualize data in three dimensional 3D. Surface plot
displays data in the form of a surface formed by a collection of data points in three-
dimensional coordinates. The x and y axes are two-dimensional views on the image plane
where the x-axis is the error value and the y-axis is the delta error value , while the z-

4
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

axis is represented by the height which is the PWM value. The surface display can be
used to see how the relationship between the x, y and z values of the rules is made based
on fuzzy logic or fuzzy logic . This is in accordance with the statement of Alimuddin, A.
(2020), which states that fuzzy logic is an appropriate way to map an input space in an
output space .
Based on Figure 15, it can be seen that the process of making the rules of the control
system is made. This stage is fuzzy inference system where the rules that are made
determine the output of the control system that is made later. this stage is a system that is
used to make decisions based on rules that are fuzzy or uncertain. Fuzzy inference the
system uses fuzzy logic to process information from the input given and produces output
that is also fuzzy . This process will determine the shape of the surface that is created and
the PWM value that will come out later using the Sugeno method. The PWM output from
the Sugeno method is in the form of constants or linear equations. This is in accordance
with the statement of Setiawan (2018) which states that the fuzzy inference system of the
Takagi-Sugeno-Kang method is a fuzzy inference method for rules represented in the form
of IF-THEN, where the output or consequence of the system is not a fuzzy set , but is in
the form of constants or linear equations. .
Based on Figure 17, it can be seen that the circuit uses the Arduino Uno
microcontroller which has been input in the fuzzy logic program language . This circuit
uses a DHT 21 sensor that measures temperature in the range -40 to 80 ° C and humidity
in the range 0% to 99.9%. Using a pump as a load to be driven by the SSR. The use of
fuzzy logic is used to make decisions in the form of PWM outputs with a range of 0 to
255 according to the rules made in the defuzzification process . This is in accordance with
the statement of Setiawan (2018), which states that then defuzzyfication the interface will
translate the fuzzy rules and get real action using the defuzzification method.

CONCLUSION
Based on the practicum that has been done, it can be concluded that the fuzzy system
consists of 3 stages, namely fuzzification , fuzzy inference system and defuzzification .
Several methods that can be used in fuzzy logic are mamdani, sugeno and Tsukamoto. In
this practicum fuzzy logic is used in making decisions on 2 inputs, namely temperature
and humidity to determine 1 output, namely the pump by controlling the PWM value.
Fuzzy logic can help in the field of control, especially in agriculture to control the system
automatically.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alimuddin, A. 2020. Theory and Basic Applications of Intelligent Control Systems.

Untirta Press: Attack.

Fernando, AJ, Amaratunga, KSP, Dharmasena, DAN, Abeyrathna, RMRD, Gajasinghe,

IL, Weerakoon, HST, ... & Bandara, DMSP 2021. Pulse-Width-Modulation
Control of a Heat Pump Dryer with Cascade Evaporators and Parallel- Flow
Condensers. Tropical Agricultural Research, Vol. 33(1): 1-17.

Firdaus, DS, & Al Fansah, Y. 2020. Design of Making Door Guards Using Arduino and
Keypad . Journal of Management Informatics & Accounting Computerization

5
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

], Vol. 4(1), 32–36.

Mariadi, S., Iqbal, I., & Sapsal, MT 2016. Development of Water Level Telemetry on the
Ta'Deang River, Kab. Maros. Journal of Agritechno, Vol. 9(2) : 134-141.

Setiawan, A., Yanto, B., & Yasdomi, K. 2018. Fuzzy Logic with Matlab (Example of
Cases of Infant Disease Research with Fuzzy Tsukamoto). Jayapangus Press
Books : Bali.

Sinadia, B, S. 2018. Design of a Fuzzy - Expert Control System on a Solar Hybrid

Powered Food Dryer and LPG. Thesis . Hasanuddin University: Makassar.

6
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

ATTACHMENT
Fuzzy Logic Control System
//------------------------------------------------ -- FOR LCD ----------------------------------------
------ //
#include <Wire. h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C. h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,20,4);
//------------------------------------------------ -- FOR DHT 11-------------------------------------
-------- -//
#include "DHT.h"
#define DHTPIN8 8
#define DHTTYPE DHT21
DHT dht6(DHTPIN8, DHTTYPE);
float h1;
float t1;
//------------------------------------------------ -- FOR fuzzy logic----------------------------------
----------/ /
float e;
float de;
float e_1;
int PWM980=5; // PWM pin for control at pin 5 frekuenso 850hz
int fan=2; // pins for fans
float sp = 95 ; // set point RH 95%
float en,ez,ep; // negative error, zero error, positive error
float den,dez,dep; // negative error delta, zero error delta, positive error delta
float p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6,p7,p8,p9;
float dPow,nPow;
float power,watts;
//----------------------------------------- FUZZY FOR RH CONTROL--- ------------------------
---------------//
void config()
{e = sp-h1; // error= setpoimt-rata_rata_rh
de = e-e_1;
e_1= e;
//------------------------------------------------ - INTERVAL ERROR -2 TO +5-----------------
------------------------- ---------------------//
if (e <= -3) // big negative error
{en = -2;
ez = 0;
ep = 0; }

else if (e > -5 && e < 0) // small negative error

{en = (0 - e)/(0 + 5);
ez = (e + 5)/(0 + 5);
ep = 0; }
else if (e > -2 && e < 5) // small positive error

7
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

{en = -2;
ez = (5 - e)/(5 - 0);
ep = (e - 0)/(5 - 0);}
else if (e >= 5) // big positive error
{en = -2;
ez = 0;
eps = 5; }
//------------------------------------------------ -INTERVAL DELTA ERROR -1 +1------------
------------------------------ ---------------------//
if (de <= -1)
{den = 1; // big negative error
dez = 0;
dep = 0; }

else if (de > -1 && de < 0)

{den = (0 - de)/(0 + 1); // small negative error delta
dez = (de + 1)/(0 + 1);
dep = 0; }

else if (de > 0 && de < 1)

{den = 0; // small positive error delta
dez = (1 - de)/(1 - 0 );
dep = (de - 0)/(1 - 0); }

else if (de >= 1)

{den = 0; // large positive error delta +5
dez = 0;
depth = 1; }

//---------------- ------------------3 inputs 3 outputs so a 3*3 matrix equals 9 rules- ----------

---------------------------------------- ---------//
//Rule 1 // positive error (ep) and positive delta error (den)
if (ep <= dep){p1 = ep;} // find membership degree
else {p1 = depth;}

//Rule 2 // positive error (ep) and delta error zero (dez)

if (ep <= dez){p2 = ep;}
else {p2 = dez;}

//Rule 3 // positive error (ep) and negative delta error (den)

if (ep <= den){p3 = ep;}
else {p3 = den;}

//Rule 4 // zero error (ez) and negative delta error (den)

if (ez <= dep){p4 = ez;}
else {p4 = deep;}

8
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

//Rule 5 // zero error (ez) and positive delta error (dep)

if (ez <= dez){p5 = ez;}
else {p5 = dez;}

//Rule 6 // error zero (ez) and delta error zero (dez)

if (ez <= den) {p6 = ez;}
else {p6 = den;}

//Rule 7 // negative error (en) and positive delta error (dep)

if (en <= dep){p7 = en;}
else {p7 = deep;}

//Rule 8 // negative error (en) and delta error zero (dez)

if (en <= dez){p8 = en;}
else {p8 = dez;}

//Rule 9 // negative error (en) and negative delta error (den)

if (en <= den){p9 = en;}
else {p9 = den;}

//------------------------------------------------ -------DEFUZZIFICATION----------------------
-------------------- ----------------------//
{
dPow = (p1+p2+p3+p4+p5+p6+p7+p8+p9);
nPow = ((p1*255)+(p2*255)+(p3*255)+(p4*170)+(p5*90)+(p6*40)+(p7*0)+(p8*0)
+(p9*0));
if (dPow== 0){ power = 0;}
else { power = nPow /dPow;}
}
}
void setup() {
Serial. begin(9600);
lcd. init(); // initialize the lcd
lcd. backlight();
lcd. begin(20,4);
dht6. begin();
pinMode(PWM980, OUTPUT ); // pin 5 is used as control output
}
void loop(){
h1 = dht6. readHumidity(); // read rh sensor 1
t1 = dht6. readTemperature(); // read temperature sensor 1
config(); // call the confuz function for fuzzy logic
watts = (20*power)/255; // power formula = load power * PWM used/255
analogWrite(PWM980,power);
lcd. setCursor(1,0);
lcd. print("_SISKON PRKTIKUM_");
lcd. setCursor(0,1);

9
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

lcd. print("RH");
lcd. setCursor(2,1);
lcd. print("= ");
lcd. setCursor(4,1);
lcd. print(h1,0);
lcd. print("%");
lcd. print(" ");
lcd. setCursor(9,1);
lcd. print(" power ");
lcd. setCursor(14,1);
lcd. print("= ");
lcd. setCursor(15,1);
lcd. print(watt,0);
lcd. print("w");
lcd. print(" ");
lcd. setCursor(0,3);
lcd. print("sp= ");
lcd. print(sp,0);
lcd. print(" ");
lcd. setCursor(7,3);
lcd. print("e = ");
lcd. print(e,0);
lcd. print(" ");
lcd. setCursor(12,3);
lcd. print("PWM = ");
lcd. print(power,0);
lcd. print(" ");

lcd. setCursor(0,2);
lcd. print("TE ");
lcd. setCursor(2,2);
lcd. print("= ");
lcd. setCursor(4,2);
lcd. print(t1 ,0);
lcd. write((char)223);
lcd. print("C");
lcd. print(" ");
delay(1000);
}

10
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

Appendix 8. Documentation of Fuzzy Logic Control System Practicum

Figure 17. Documentation of Fuzzy Logic Control System Practicum .

11
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

MONITORING VIA WEB

Aqid Mukhtar1), Andi Refi Mustaqim2) and Muh. Putra Ansyari Naim2)
1)
Practicum practicum of Automatic Control Systems Agricultural Engineering Study Program,
Hasanuddin University
2)
Assistant Practicum for Automatic Control Systems, Agricultural Engineering Study Program,
Hasanuddin University

ABSTRACT
The application of IoT technology in agriculture can be a solution to overcome problems
such as monitoring and supervising plants continuously so that the plants will still be
monitored even though the farmers are not on the land . The purpose of doing Monitoring
via the Web practicum is to be able to understand the basic concepts of web servers and
know how to monitor temperatures that occur through ThingSpeak web access . The
usefulness of conducting a Monitoring practicum via the Web is being able to access
ThingSpeak using the correct method so that it can be applied in the agricultural sector as
well as in everyday life. The results obtained are NodeMCU ESP8266 can send
temperature and humidity data from DHT11 to ThingSpeak which is displayed in the form
of graphs and gauges that are updated every 15 seconds where the data obtained can also
be transferred to excel for processing according to user needs. The conclusion obtained is
that monitoring requires several components such as hardware such as Arduino, ESP, and
other devices, also requires software such as Thingspeak. and other IoT platforms that are
interconnected via wireless networks such as Wi-Fi.

Keywords: NodeMCU , Realtime, ThingSpeak

INTRODUCTION
Background
One of the problems in agriculture is that it is often difficult for farmers to manage their
farms, especially in terms of continuously monitoring and supervising crops. When
farmers cannot supervise and monitor their crops continuously, crop growing conditions
can change rapidly and can result in huge losses, such as reduced crop yields and even
crop failure. Therefore, the application of IoT technology in agriculture can be a solution
to overcome these problems. By using sensors installed on plants or around agricultural
land, data can be collected in real-time and sent to a control center via the internet
network.
The internet of things is a development that makes it possible to link machines,
equipment and other items with organized sensors to obtain information and handle their
own presentations, in this way empowering machines to cooperate with and even act on
newly acquired data independently. A distribution explains that in 2020 the Internet of
things is a state when things have character, can work wisely, and can speak socially,
nature, and clients. As a result, we can assume that the internet allows us to make
associations between the internet and machines, so that these machines can connect and
work freely according to the information they get and handle independently , the goal is
to make it easier for humans to interact with objects, even though these objects can also
communicate. with other objects ( Hanif, A, 2022).
NodeMCU is a single-board microcontroller that has a Wi-Fi feature, making it
useful in making IoT platform products. NodeMCU consists of hardware in the form of
12
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

a System on Chip ESP8266 made by Espressif System and also uses the LUA scripting
programming language firmware . ESP8266 has on-board processing and storage
capabilities that allow the chip to be integrated with sensors or with certain device
applications via input output pins with only short programming. NodeMCU has
embedded the ESP8266 into a compact board with various features such as a
microcontroller with access to WiFi as well as a USB to serial communication chip. So
that the programmer only needs a USB data cable extension similar to that used as a data
cable and Android smartphone charging cable ( Sanusi, A. F, 2018) .
ThingSpeak is an IoT platform that enables us to collect, store, analyze, visualize,
and act on data from sensors or actuators, such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Black
BeagleBone , and other hardware devices. For example, with ThingSpeak we can create
sensor-logging applications, location-tracking applications. ThingSpeak serves as a data
aggregator that collects data from device nodes and also allows data to be loaded into the
software environment for historical data analysis. The main element of the ThingSpeak
activity is the channel, which contains a data field, a location field, and a status field.
After we create a ThingSpeak channel , we can write data to the channel, process and
view data with codes, and react to data with tweets and other alerts ( Krisnadi , 2019).
One of the components in making a control system is the sensor. Sensors are
components that play a very important role in an automated system because they can
detect a change automatically. The sensor acts as a signal or parameter detector in a
condition. The reading value from the sensor is used as a setpoint that determines an
automation system to change its condition to on/off . The sensor functions to detect
changes that occur in the environment by converting electrical quantities into physical,
chemical, mechanical quantities and so on to produce information (Mariadi et al ., 2016)
Based on the description in above , then a Monitoring practicum is carried out via the
Web to be able to understand the basic concept of a web server and know how to monitor
temperatures that occur through ThingSpeak web access.

Purpose and benefit

Monitoring via the Web practicum is to be able to understand the basic concept of web
servers and know how to monitor temperatures that occur through ThingSpeak web
access.
The usefulness of conducting a Monitoring practicum via the Web is being able to access
ThingSpeak using the correct method so that it can be applied in the agricultural sector as
well as in everyday life.

PRACTICUM METHODOLOGY
Time and place
Monitoring practicum via the Web will be held on Wednesday, May 3 2022, 15.30 WITA
until finished, at the Soil and Water Engineering Laboratory, Agricultural Engineering
Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Hasanuddin University , Makassar.
Tool
The tools used in the Monitoring practicum via the Web are IoT kit modules, connector
cables, DHT11, USB cables, NodeMCU ESP8266, laptops, stationery and cellphone
cameras.

13
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

Material
Materials used in the practicum Monitoring via the Web, namely Arduino IDE software
and a ThingSpeak account .
Practicum Procedure
Monitoring practicum procedures via the Web are as follows:
1. Open the ThingSpeak website
2. Create a new channel
3. Create an account on the ThingSpeak web
4. Fill in the name column on the account
5. Define fields based on the amount of data
6. Fill in the fields according to the data
7. Save the created channel
8. Open the ThingSpeak program in the software arduino
9. Programming
10. Uploading the program on the software arduino

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Figure 18. Graph of DHT11 Sensor Reading Results.

Figure 19. DHT11 Sensor Reading Gauge .

Discussion
Monitoring practicum via the Web, it was found that in carrying out a monitoring requires
interconnected components starting from hardware, network and software . In this lab the
hardware used is NodeMCU ESP8266 with DHT11 which is connected to ThingSpeak

14
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

via a Wi-Fi network. NodeMCU ESP8266 is a piece of hardware that can receive a WIFI
network from a device so that it can connect a device to another. Similar to Arduino uno,
NodeMCU ESP8266 is also a microcontroller that can receive, process and send data to
a device. However, the advantage of the NodeMCU ESP8266 is that it is equipped with
Wi-Fi to be able to transmit data wirelessly , namely by Wi-Fi. This is in accordance with
the statement of Sanusi, A.F, (2018) , which states that NodeMCU has embedded the
ESP8266 into a compact board with various features like a microcontroller with the ability
to access WiFi as well as a USB to USB communication chip . serial .
The software or platform used in this practicum is ThingSpeak which is used to
receive and collect data from the NodeMCU ESP8266 to be displayed visually and also
connected to MATLAB so that data processing can be carried out from the received data
such as data obtained from the DHT11 sensor in the image above . in the picture above is
one of the features of ThingSpeak to be able to display the results of measurement data
from sensors which can be displayed using a graph to see changes in temperature and
humidity that occur and a gauge to see the temperature and temperature at that time.
Making it easier for users to monitor or monitor. This is in accordance with Krisnadi's
statement (2019), which states that ThingSpeak is an IoT platform that allows us to
collect, store, analyze, visualize, and act on data from sensors or actuators, such as
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Black BeagleBone , and other hardware devices. other.

CONCLUSION

Based on the practicum that has been done, it can be concluded that monitoring requires
several components such as hardware such as Arduino, ESP, and other devices, also
requires software such as Thingspeak. and other IoT platforms that are interconnected via
wireless networks such as Wi-Fi. The advantages of thingspeak over other platforms are
that it can store, analyze, visualize and connect with MATLAB so that data processing
can be done and this platform is free or does not require a fee to be able to use it.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Based Electrical Installation Control and Monitoring System of things . Thesis . UIN Ar-
Raniry : Banda Aceh.

Krisnadi . 2019. Design and manufacture of attendance systems at Panca Budi

Nacutongan Private Middle School Uses Rfid And Internet Of Thing ( Iot )
ThingSpeak Connected To ESP8266. Thesis . Post-Buddhist Development
University: Medan.

Mariadi, S., Iqbal, I., & Sapsal , MT 2016. Development of Water Level Telemetry on
the Ta'Deang River , Kab. Mars . Journal of Agritechno , Vol. 9(2), 134-141.

Sanusi, AF 2018. Prototype of a remote river water level monitoring system based on IoT
( Internet of things ) with NodeMCU . Thesis . Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic
University: Malang.

15
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

ATTACHMENT
Appendix 9. Web Monitoring Program Language
#include < DHT. h >
#include <ESP8266WiFi. h>
#include < WiFiClient. h >;
#include < ThingSpeak .h >;
String apiKey = "L1X8N96LWYGUJWJI";
const char * ssid = "POCO M4 Pro";
const char *pass = "12341234";
const char *server = "api.ThingSpeak .com ";
#define DHTPIN D2
DHT dht ( DHTPIN, DHT21);
WiFiClient client;
unsigned long myChannelNumber = 2097298;
const char * myWriteAPIKey = "L1X8N96LWYGUJWJI";
void setup( ) {
Serial. begin (9600);
delay( 10);
dht. begin ();
Serial. println ("Connecting...");
Serial. println ( ssid );
WiFi. begin ( ssid , pass);
ThingSpeak .begin (client);}
void loop( ) {
float h = dht. readHumidity ();
float t = dht. readTemperature ();
if ( isnan (h) || isnan (t)) {
Serial.println ("Sensor Could Not Detect");
returns;}
ThingSpeak .writeField ( myChannelNumber , 1, t, myWriteAPIKey );
ThingSpeak .writeField ( myChannelNumber , 2, h, myWriteAPIKey );
delay( 100);
// ThingSpeak .read ();}

Appendix 10. Documentation of Monitoring Practicum via the Web

Figure 20. Documentation of Monitoring Practicum via the Web.

16
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

CONTROL USING BLYNK AND BLUETOOTH

Aqid Mukhtar1 ), Andi Refi Mustaqim2) and Muh. Putra Ansyari Naim2)
1)
Practicum practicum of Automatic Control Systems Agricultural Engineering Study Program,
Hasanuddin University
2)
Assistant Practicum for Automatic Control Systems, Agricultural Engineering Study Program,
Hasanuddin University

ABSTRACT
The application of IoT technology in agriculture can be a solution to overcome problems
such as monitoring plants and controlling devices continuously so that the plants will still
be monitored even though the farmers are not on the land . The purpose of doing the
Control Using Blynk and Bluetooth practicum is to be able to understand the basic
concepts of Blynk and Bluetooth , be able to know how to assemble on Arduino and be
able to control lights using the Blynk application . The usefulness of doing Control Using
Blynk and Bluetooth practicum is being able to access and use Blynk and Bluetooth in a
control system and can apply them in agriculture and everyday life. The results obtained
are Blynk can be used to control a device such as a DC motor via a Wi-Fi network, besides
that Bluetooth can also be used to control using the HC-05 Bluetooth module . The
conclusion is that monitoring, and control can be done with wireless networks such as
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi which can be used according to control needs. Where each
monitoring or control requires several components such as hardware such as Arduino and
requires software such as Blynk and other IoT platforms that are connected to each other
via wireless networks such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Apart from using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
can also be used to control a device using the HC-05 Bluetooth module with the Arduino
Bluetooth controller platform.

Keywords: Bluetooth, Blynk, NodeMCU

INTRODUCTION
Background
One of the problems in agriculture is that it is often difficult for farmers to manage their
farms, especially in terms of continuously monitoring and supervising crops. When
farmers cannot supervise and monitor their crops continuously, crop growing conditions
can change rapidly and can result in huge losses, such as reduced crop yields and even
crop failure. Therefore, the application of IoT technology in agriculture can be a solution
to overcome these problems. With this technology, it is possible to control an agricultural
device such as a pump or motor through software.
The Internet of Things is a development that makes it possible to connect machines,
equipment, and other items with organized sensors to acquire information and handle
their own presentations, in this way empowering machines to cooperate with and even
act on newly acquired data independently. A distribution explains that in 2020 the Internet
of Things is a state where things have character, can work wisely, and can speak socially,
nature, and clients. As a result, we can assume that the internet allows us to make
associations between the internet and machines, so that these machines can connect and
work freely according to the information they get and handle independently, the goal is
to make it easier for humans to interact with objects, even though these objects can also
communicate. with other objects (Hanif, A, 2022).
17
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

NodeMCU is a single-board microcontroller that has a Wi-Fi feature, making it

useful in making IoT platform products. NodeMCU consists of hardware in the form of
a System on Chip ESP8266 made by Espressif System and also uses the LUA scripting
programming language firmware . ESP8266 has on-board processing and storage
capabilities that allow the chip to be integrated with sensors or with certain device
applications via input output pins with only short programming. NodeMCU has
embedded the ESP8266 into a compact board with various features such as a
microcontroller with access to WiFi as well as a USB to serial communication chip. So
that the programmer only needs a USB data cable extension similar to that used as a data
cable and Android smartphone charging cable ( Sanusi, A. F, 2018) .
Blynk is a free downloadable application platform for iOS and Android that lets you
control Arduino, Raspberry Pi and the like over the Internet. Blynk was designed for the
Internet of Things with the goal of being able to remotely control hardware , be able to
display sensor data, be able to store data, visualize and do many other advanced things.
There are three main components in the platform , namely Blynk App , Blynk Server , and
Blynk Libraries . Blynk is a digital dashboard where you can create a graphical interface
for projects with just drag and drop widgets , it's very easy to set up everything and you
can start working in less than 5 minutes (Yusuf, M. R, 2019).
Bluetooth is a standard two-way communication technology that is used to exchange
data between several devices by utilizing UHF radio waves with a rate of 1 Mbps.
Bluetooth is a communication technology that operates in the 2.4 GHz radio frequency
band. This device can operate in two modes namely master or slave . The master is the
first device to provide synchronization, and the others are considered receivers only (
slaves ). There are two types of Bluetooth modules , namely odd and even. The Bluetooth
module with odd series (HC-05 or HC-03) is an improved version of the even series (HC-
06 or HC-04). The HC-05 module can be set as a master or slave, while the HC-06 can
only be used as a slave (Supriyadi, 2019).
One of the components in making a control system is the sensor. Sensors are
components that play a very important role in an automated system because they can
detect a change automatically. The sensor acts as a signal or parameter detector in a
condition. The reading value from the sensor is used as a setpoint that determines an
automation system to change its condition to on/off. The sensor functions to detect
changes that occur in the environment by converting electrical quantities into physical,
chemical, mechanical quantities and so on to produce information (Mariadi et al., 2016)
Based on the description in above, a Control practicum is carried out via the Web to
be able to understand the basic concepts of Blynk and Bluetooth, be able to know how to
assemble on Arduino and be able to control lights using the Blynk application.

Purpose and benefit

The purpose of doing the Control Using Blynk and Bluetooth practicum is to be able to
understand the basic concepts of Blynk and Bluetooth, be able to know how to assemble
on Arduino and be able to control lights using the Blynk application .
Blynk and Bluetooth practicum is being able to access and use Blynk and Bluetooth in a
control system and can apply them in agriculture and everyday life.

18
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

PRACTICUM METHODOLOGY
Time and place
Control Practicum Using Blynk and Bluetooth will be held on Monday, May 8 2023, 13.00
WITA until finished, at the Soil and Water Engineering Laboratory, Agricultural
Engineering Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of
Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.
Tool
The tools used in the Control Using Blynk and Bluetooth practicum are the ESP8266
module, connector cables, USB cables, Arduino uno, relays, laptops, stationery and
cellphone cameras.
Material
Materials used in the practicum Control Using Blynk and Bluetooth , namely the Arduino
software and the Blynk application .
Practicum Procedure
practicum procedures using Blynk and Bluetooth namely as follows:
1. Download and install the Blynk application on a smartphone
2. Open the web https:// Blynk .cloud/dashboard/login and select log in then enter your
email and password
3. Selecting new templates in the main view of the Blynk web
4. Name the project, choose the NodeMCU ESP8266 device and the wifi connection
type
5. Choose new datastream then use pin D0 as a switch
6. Making the interface display by drag and drop on the web dashboard
7. Choose new devices and select the template that was created then Blynk will display
the authentication token
8. Initiate the connection by uploading the coding to the hardware
9. Web Blynk can be used in accordance with the rules of the program that has been
made
10. Connect to a smartphone by entering the email that was created on the Blynk web
11. Create an interface by dragging and dropping the Blynk application
12. Blynk can be used in accordance with the rules of the program that has been made
13. Documenting practical results

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Figure 21. HC-05 Bluetooth Module Circuit .

19
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

Figure 22. The ESP8266 circuit for DC motors.

Figure 23. Platforms Blynk .

Discussion
Control practicum using Blynk and Bluetooth, it was found that monitoring requires
interconnected components, starting from hardware, network, and software. In the
practicum using 2 methods of carrying wirelessly, namely using
Wi-Fi using the ESP8266 and Bluetooth using the HC-05 Bluetooth module which can be
seen in the picture above. The HC-05 Bluetooth module is used as a connecting device
between hardware and software via a Bluetooth network . As with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth can
also connect a device with other devices, but has a limited range of distance. This is in
accordance with Supriyadi's statement (2019), which states that Bluetooth is a standard
two-way communication technology that is used to exchange data between several
devices by utilizing UHF radio waves with a rate of 1 Mbps . GHz radio frequency.
The method uses Wi-Fi which uses the ESP8266 to receive the network so that
devices can connect. The load that will be controlled through Blynk is a DC motor using
SSR-DD as an actuator. NodeMCU ESP8266 is a piece of hardware that can receive a
Wi-Fi network from a device so that it can connect one device to another. Similar to
Arduino uno, NodeMCU ESP8266 is also a microcontroller that can receive, process and
send data to a device. However, the advantage of the NodeMCU ESP8266 is that it is
equipped with Wi-Fi to be able to transmit data wirelessly, namely by Wi-Fi. This is in
accordance with the statement of Sanusi, A.F, (2018) , which states that NodeMCU has
embedded the ESP8266 into a compact board with various features like a microcontroller
with the ability to access WiFi as well as a USB to USB communication chip serial.

20
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

The software or platform used in this practicum is Blynk which is used to control or
control devices in the form of DC motors from NodeMCU ESP8266 by displaying a
switch- shaped widget to turn off and on DC motors which are controlled from a cellphone
via the Blynk application . The advantage of the Blynk application is that it can control a
device in real-time with a fairly fast response depending on network quality. This is in
accordance with the statement of Yusuf, M. R (2019), which states that Blynk is a digital
dashboard where you can create a graphical interface for a project by simply dragging
and dropping widgets.

CONCLUSION

Based on the practicum that has been carried out, it can be concluded that monitoring
requires several components such as hardware such as Arduino, ESP, and other devices,
also requires software such as Blynk and other IoT platforms that are interconnected via
wireless networks such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. . The advantage of Blynk from other
platforms is that it can control and control a device directly. Apart from using Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth can also be used to control a device using the HC-05 Bluetooth module with
the Arduino Bluetooth controller platform .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hanif, A. 2022. Design of an Internet-Based Electrical Installation Control and

Monitoring System of things. Thesis. UIN Ar-Raniry: Banda Aceh.

Yusuf, MR 2019. Design of Monitoring and Controlling Home Doors Using an Internet
of Things-Based Microcontroller. Thesis. Semarang University. Central Java.

Mariadi, S., Iqbal, I., & Sapsal, MT 2016. Development of Water Level Telemetry on the
Ta'Deang River, Kab. Maros. Journal of Agritechno, Vol. 9(2), 134-141.

Sanusi, AF 2018. Prototype of a remote river water level monitoring system based on IoT
(Internet of things) with NodeMCU. Thesis. Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic
University: Malang.

Supriyadi. 2019. Utilization of Android Bluetooth as an Additional Security Controller

in a Motorcycle Security System. Thesis. Semarang State University: Semarang.

21
 Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

ATTACHMENT

Appendix 11. Control Program Language using Blynk and Bluetooth

#define BLYNK _PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi. h>
#include < Blynk SimpleEsp8266.h>
#define BLYNK _TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL6J8Yb84KJ"
#define BLYNK _DEVICE_NAME "PRAK SISKON"
#define BLYNK _AUTH_TOKEN "kQW6p788uMTUh1b1GaTsZeQP4gwiSYvB"
char auth[] = BLYNK _AUTH_TOKEN;
char ssid[] = "POCO M4 Pro";//Enter your WIFI name
char pass[] = "12341234";//Enter your WIFI password
BLYNK _WRITE(V0) {
digitalWrite(D4, param. asInt());
}
void setup() {
pinMode(D4, OUTPUT);
Blynk .begin(auth, ssid, pass);
}
void loop() {
Blynk .run();
}

Appendix 12. Documentation of Control Practicum using Blynk and Bluetooth

Figure 24. Documentation of Control Practicum using Blynk and Bluetooth .

22
Agricultural Engineering Study Program
Department of Agricultural Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Hasanuddin University Practical Report on Automatic Control Systems

23