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ALGEBRA

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9 views153 pages

ALGEBRA

Uploaded by

ziadmohammad503
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AL

GE
BR
A1
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
Intro
duct
ion:
Algebra is
very vital for
today’s
world
knowledge.
Algebra is
used
extensively
in topics
such as
economics,
programmin
g, business,
engineering
and much
more!
Once you
start to
learn
Algebra, it
will be very
fun and
useful.
Topi
c
1.1
You have
most
certainly
solved
questions
like 2 + __
= 8 in
elementary
school. As
you can tell,
the blank is
equal to 6.
In Algebra
however, we
use letters
to represent
unknown
values. The
most
common
letter we
use in
Algebra is x
so instead of
2 + __ = 8,
we write it
as 2 + x =
8. Other
examples
are
a + b = 8.
You can tell
that the
letter a can
equal to 7
and the
letter b can
equal to 1
since 7 + 1
= 8.
However,
the letter a
can also
equal to 6
and the
letter b can
equal to 2
since
6 + 2 = 8. In
this case, a
and b are
called
variables.
You have
also used
Algebra
when
calculating
areas of
shapes like
the area of a
rectangle.
We can write
a formula for
the area of a
rectangle as
A=lxh
where A is
the area of a
rectangle, l
is the length
of the
rectangle
and h is the
height of the
rectangle.
Topi
c
1.2
As we said
in topic 1.1,
Algebra uses
letters to
represent
unknown
values. We
will expand
our
understandi
ng of
Algebra by
looking at
algebraic
expressions.
An algebraic
expression
is a group of
numbers
and
variables
with
algebraic
operations.
Expressions
are made up
of terms.
Look at
example 1.1
to
understand
expressions.
EXAMPLE
1.1
The average
height of a
student in a
particular
classroom is
h feet.
Find the
average
height of a
student that
has a
height:
1.5 feet
below
average
2.10 feet
above
average
3.Has half
the height of
the average

1.h – 5 feet
2. h + 10
feet
3. ½ x h
feet
There are
certain
rules in
algebra that
help us
simplify
expressions.

 2 x X is
written 2X
and L x H
is written
as LH
 X means
X x 1 but
we only
write it as
X
½ x X is
written as
X/2 and X
divided by
Y is written
as X/Y
 X x X is
written as
X^2 and X
x X x X is
written as
X^3
 When we
write a
product of
a number
and a
variable
we place
the
number
before the
variable.
For
example, y
x 2 is
written as
2y not y2.
Look at
example
1.2 to
learn how
to apply
the rules.

Exampl
e 1.2
Simplify
these
expression
s.
1.The
number x
multiplied
by 4
2.The
number y
divided by
3
3.The
product of
a and b
4.The
number w
multiplied
by 6 and
then
subtracted
by 2

1.4x
2.y/3
3.ab
4.6w – 2
Topi
c
1.3
In this
topic, we
will learn
about
substitutio
n. Imagine
a car
traveling
away from
home. The
distance it
travels at
first is d
miles. After
a bit of
time, the
distance
doubles so
the
distance is
now 2d.
then later
travels an
extra 5
miles and
then stops.
So, the
new
expression
for the
total
distance
traveled is
2d + 5
miles. If
the
distance at
first is 5
miles, then
the total
distance
traveled is
15 miles.
This is true
since if d =
5 2d + 5 =
2(5) + 5 =
10 + 5 =
15. If the
distance at
first is 10
miles, the
total
distance
traveled is
25 miles
since 2(10)
+ 5 = 25
miles. This
is
substitutio
n. Look at
example
1.3 to have
a better
understand
ing of
substitutio
n.
Exampl
e 1.3
Find the
value of
ab/c if:
1.a = 5,b
= 5 and c
=5
1.a = 4, b
= 2 and c
= 16
1.a = 8, b
= 10 and c
=5
1.5 x 5/5 =
5
2.4 x 2/16
= 8/16 =
½
3.8 x 10/5
= 80/5 =
16

Now try
this
challengin
g question.

Challen
ge
NASA
launched a
satellite to
space
which is
heading to
the moon.
Once it
reaches
500 miles
above the
moon, the
satellite
drops
towards
the moon.
The
distance it
travels as
it falls in
miles is
modelled
with the
algebraic
expression
3t + 5
where t is
time in
seconds.
Determine
if it will
land on the
moon in
2.5
minutes.
Topi
c
1.4
You should
know now
that
Algebraic
expression
s have
terms
separated
by
algebraic
operations.
The
number
behind a
variable is
known as
the
coefficient.
For
example,
the
coefficient
of 2a is 2
and the
coefficient
of 3xy is 3.
A term
with only
numbers is
called a
constant.
To simplify
algebraic
expression
s, we
collect like
terms. Like
terms are
terms with
the same
variables.
For
example,
3x and 4x
are like
terms but
4y and 7xy
are unlike
terms.
Look at
example
1.4 to have
more
understand
ing about
simplifying
expression
s.

Exampl
e 1.4
Simplify:
1.4a + 2a
+a
2.4xy + 6x
+ 12xy +
4x
3.4x^2 +
6x + 4 +
3x^2 + 3

1. 4a + 2a
+ a = 7a
2. 4xy +
6x + 12xy
+ 4x =
12xy + 4xy
+ 6x + 4x
=
16xy +
10x
3. 4x^2 +
6x + 4 +
3x^2 + 3
=
4x^2 +
3x^2 + 6x
+4+3=
7x^2 + 6x
+7
Topi
c
1.5
For the
final part
of this
chapter,
we will
look at
expanding
brackets.
Look at
expression
2(3+5).
You should
know that
2(3+5) =
2(3) + 2(5)
= 6 + 10 =
16 but
what about
an
expression
like
2(z+y)? To
expand
this, we
multiply
the outside
term to
each term
inside the
bracket.
So,
2(z+y) = 2
xz+2xy
= 2z + 2y.
Look at
example
1.5 for
more
context.
Exampl
e 1.5
Expand:
1.3(2x
+ y)
2.5(3xy
+ 9x)
3.10(x
+ 2y +
5z + 7)
1. 3(2x
+ y) =
3 x 2x
+3x
y = 6x
+ 3y
2. 5(3xy
+9x)
=5x
3xy +
5 x 9x
=
15xy
+ 45x
3. 10(x
+ 2y
+ 5z
+ 7) =
10 x x
+ 10 x
2y +
10 x
5z +
10 x 7
=
10x +
20y +
50z +
70
Know
that
you
have
finishe
d this
first
chapt
er,
solve
these
questi
ons
that
can
show
you
how
Algebr
a is
used
practi
cally
and to
make
sure
you
under
stand
this
chapt
er.
1. The
aver
age
spee
d of
a car
on a
parti
cular
road
is x
mph.
a. Fin
d
the
spe
ed
of a
car
tha
t is
mo
vin
g
5m
ph
less
tha
n
twi
ce
the
ave
rag
e
spe
ed.
b. No
w
find
the
spe
ed
the
car
is
mo
vin
g if
the
ave
rag
e
spe
ed
is
60
mp
h
2. A
ball
falls
of a
cli

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