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11 views11 pages

Stringst Abdulmalik

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e716580009
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UNIT1 :

Introduction to C++ Strings


Adjectives of this unit
- C++ Strings .
- String Concatenation.
- C++ Numbers and Strings.
- C++ String Length.
- C++ Access Strings.
- Change String Characters.
- User Input Strings.

T.SUB: Abdulmalik A Alsarori


C++ Strings
 One of the most useful data types supplied in the C++
libraries is the string.
 A string is a variable that stores a sequence of letters or
other characters, such as "Hello" or
“Weicome!".
 To use strings, you must include an additional header file
in the source code, the <string> library.

#include <string> // Include the string library


string greeting = "Hello"; // Create a string variable
String Concatenation
 The + operator can be used between strings to
add them together to make a new string. This is
called concatenation.
Example
string firstName = "John ";
string lastName = "Doe";
string fullName = firstName + lastName;
cout << fullName;
output

JohnDoe
String Concatenation
 Append
A string in C++ is actually an object, which
contain functions that can perform certain
operations on strings. For example, you can also
concatenate strings with the append() function
Example
string firstName = "John ";
string lastName = "Doe";
string fullName = firstName.append(lastName);
cout << fullName;
output

JohnDoe
C++ Numbers and Strings
 Adding Numbers and Strings
WARNING!

C++ uses the + operator for both addition and concatenation.


Numbers are added. Strings are concatenated.

Example 1 Example2 Example3


int x = 200; string x = "200"; int x = 200;
int y = 20; string y = "20"; string y = "20";
int z = x + y; string z = x + y; string z = x + y;

output output output


220 20020 error
C++ String Length
 String Length: to get the length of a string, use
the length() function:
 Also we can use another size() function to get
the length of any string
Example
string txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
cout << "The length of the txt string is: " << txt.length();
cout << "The size of the txt string is: " << txt.size();

output
The length of the txt string is:26
The size of the txt string is:26
C++ Access Strings
 You can access the characters in a string by
referring to its index number inside square
brackets [].
Example

string myString = "WEICOME ";


cout << "myString[0] " << myString[0]<<endl;
cout << "myString[5] " << myString[5];
output
myString[0] W
myString[5] M
Change String Characters
 To change the value of a specific character in a
string, refer to the index number, and use single
quotes:
Example
string myString = " HEICOMY";
myString[0] = ’W';
myString[6] = ’E';
cout << myString;
output
WEICOME
C++ User Input Strings
 It is possible to use the extraction
operator >> on cin to display a string entered
by a user:
Example
string firstName;
cout << "Type your first name:\n ";
cin >> firstName; // get user input from the keyboard
cout << " \nYour name is : " << firstName;
output
Type your first name :
Ahmed
Your name is : Ahmed
User Input Strings
 However, cin considers a space (whitespace, tabs, etc) as
a terminating character, which means that it can only
display a single word (even if you type many words):
Example
string firstName;
cout << "Type your first name:\n ";
cin >> firstName; // get user input from the keyboard
cout << “\nYour name is : " << firstName;
output
Type your first name:
Ahmed Ali
Your name is : Ahmed

From the example above, you would expect the program to print
“Ahmed Ali", but it only prints “Ahmed".
User Input Strings
 That's why, when working with strings, we often
use the getline() function to read a line of text.
It takes cin as the first parameter, and the string
variable as second:
Example
string fullName;
cout << "Type your full name: ";
getline (cin, fullName);
cout << "Your name is: " << fullName;
output
Type your first name:
Ahmed Ali
Your name is : Ahmed Ali

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