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36 views10 pages

CompOrg Tutorial 01

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air15902197881
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Organization and Programming – Winter 2024

Tutorial 1
Prof. Herman Schinca
Compiling and linking x86 ASM


Compiling an x86 ASM file:
gcc -c [asm_filename].s -o [object_filename].o
The -c is to compile or assemble the source files, but do not link. The linking stage simply is
not done.


Linking an x86 object file:
ld [object_filename].o -o [executable_filename] -e main
The “-e entry” specifies that the program entry point is “entry”.

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Compiling and linking x86 ASM


Why do we need to put “-e entry” when we link?

This is because the main function in C is not actually the entry point of the program.
After compiling, the function _start calls main and then exits (using main’s return
value as exit code).

In your assembly code you can use _start instead of main, or you can use “-e entry”
as we did before.

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Compiling and linking x86 ASM

Let’s modify the assembly code of hello-world.s to see if


the changes are applied after de compilation and linking process.

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A disassembly tool: objdump


We can take an object file and translate the machine code (the 0’s and 1’s) into
assembly code. This inverse operation would probably result in a little bit different
program that the one that we wrote in ASM.


If we only want to see the .text part (the code):
objdump -d [object_filename]

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A disassembly tool: objdump


Exercise 1: find the differences between doing:

objdump -d hello-world.o
and
objdump -d hello-world


Explain what happened.

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A disassembly tool: objdump


We can also disassembly all the sections of the file.


If we want to see all the sections:
objdump -D [object_filename]

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ASCII table to the rescue!

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Compiling and disassembling hello-world.c


I made the same “hello world” program but in C.


Let’s compile it:
gcc -o hello-world hello-world.c


Exercise 2: using objdump, try to find the ASM part of the code that prints “hello,
world”.

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Challenge of the day


Exercise 3: modify the program hello-world.s so that it could read the user name
and print on the screen “Hello [user_name]”.
Tip: use the syscall read and try to figure out how it could help you.

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