1.

Edge Detection using Canny Algorithm

• Concept: Identifies points in an image where the brightness changes sharply,

essential for object detection and boundary identification.

• Application: Object recognition, autonomous vehicles, and image

segmentation.

• Example: Detect edges in a simple image such as a car or building.

o Key MATLAB Functions: edge(), imshow()

o Output: A binary image where edges are highlighted in white against a

black background.

2. Face Detection using Viola-Jones Algorithm

• Concept: A machine learning-based approach to detecting objects in an image,

particularly human faces, using Haar-like features.

• Application: Security systems, video surveillance, social media facial tagging.

• Example: Detect multiple faces in an image, such as a group photo.

o Key MATLAB Functions: vision.CascadeObjectDetector(), step()

o Output: A rectangle drawn around each detected face.

3. Color-Based Object Detection

• Concept: Segmentation of objects in an image based on their color properties,

useful for separating objects from the background.

• Application: Industrial automation (sorting), robotics (object identification).

• Example: Detect red apples in an image with various fruits.

o Key MATLAB Functions: rgb2hsv(), bwlabel()

o Output: A binary image highlighting the objects of the specified color.

4. Histogram Equalization
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 • Concept: Enhances image contrast by adjusting intensity levels for better visual
interpretation.

• Application: Medical imaging, satellite image analysis, and photography.

• Example: Improve the contrast of a low-light or low-contrast image, such as an

X-ray.

o Key MATLAB Functions: histeq(), imhist()

o Output: An image with enhanced contrast and better distribution of pixel

intensity.

5. Image Compression using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)

• Concept: Reduces file size by transforming an image from spatial to frequency

domain, where redundant information can be discarded.

• Application: JPEG image compression, video streaming, storage optimization.

• Example: Compress an image while preserving as much quality as possible.

o Key MATLAB Functions: dct2(), idct2()

o Output: A compressed version of the original image with minimal visual

differences.

6. Morphological Operations for Image Filtering

• Concept: Shape-based transformations (such as dilation and erosion) used to

refine object boundaries, fill gaps, or remove small noise elements from binary
images.

• Application: Medical image processing, quality control, and shape analysis.

• Example: Remove noise from a black and white image of cells.

o Key MATLAB Functions: imdilate(), imerode(), imopen()

o Output: A cleaner binary image with clearly defined object boundaries.

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7. Image Watermarking using DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform)

• Concept: Embeds a watermark into an image in a way that is imperceptible to

the human eye but detectable upon retrieval, providing ownership and copyright
protection.

• Application: Digital media protection, secure image distribution.

• Example: Add a watermark to a digital image such as a logo on an artwork.

o Key MATLAB Functions: dwt2(), idwt2()

o Output: An image with a watermark embedded in its frequency domain.

8. Object Counting and Area Measurement

• Concept: Counts the number of objects in a binary image and calculates their
area. Often used in quality control or counting products on a production line.

• Application: Industrial inspection, agricultural yield estimation.

• Example: Count and measure the area of grains or parts in an image.

o Key MATLAB Functions: bwlabel(), regionprops()

o Output: The number of objects and their areas displayed on the screen.

9. Motion Detection in Video

• Concept: Detects motion by comparing consecutive video frames and

identifying differences, useful for security and surveillance systems.

• Application: Motion-based event detection in surveillance or traffic monitoring.

• Example: Detect movement in a video captured by a security camera.

o Key MATLAB Functions: vision.ForegroundDetector()

o Output: A binary mask showing moving objects.

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10. Image Restoration using Wiener Filter

• Concept: Reduces noise in an image while preserving its important features,

restoring degraded or noisy images to a clearer state.

• Application: Forensic image analysis, medical imaging, and satellite imaging.

• Example: Restore a blurred image, such as a corrupted photograph.

o Key MATLAB Functions: wiener2(), imfilter()

o Output: A noise-reduced image with improved clarity.

11. License Plate Recognition

• Concept: Detect and recognize license plates from images or videos using
image segmentation and optical character recognition (OCR).

• Application: Automated toll collection, parking management, and traffic

monitoring.

• Example: Automatically detect and read license plate numbers from vehicles in
traffic.

o Key MATLAB Functions: regionprops(), ocr()

o Output: Extracted text from the license plate with bounding boxes.

12. Image Stitching (Panorama Creation)

• Concept: Combines multiple overlapping images to create a wide-angle, high-

resolution panoramic image.

• Application: Panoramic photography, aerial mapping, and virtual tours.

• Example: Create a panorama by stitching together a series of images taken of a

landscape.

o Key MATLAB Functions: detectSURFFeatures(), imwarp(), imfuse()

o Output: A panoramic image created from multiple overlapping photos.

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13. Texture Analysis using GLCM (Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix)

• Concept: Analyzes texture patterns in an image using GLCM, which describes

the spatial relationship of pixels with specific gray levels.

• Application: Medical imaging (tumor detection), industrial inspection, and

texture classification.

• Example: Classify different textures in a satellite image for land use

classification.

o Key MATLAB Functions: graycomatrix(), graycoprops()

o Output: Texture properties such as contrast, correlation, and energy.

14. Medical Image Segmentation (Tumor Detection)

• Concept: Segments out regions of interest (such as tumors) in medical images

like MRI or CT scans, based on intensity thresholds.

• Application: Medical diagnostics, surgical planning, and disease analysis.

• Example: Detect brain tumors from MRI images using thresholding and
morphological operations.

o Key MATLAB Functions: imread(), bwboundaries(), imshow()

o Output: A binary mask highlighting the tumor region in the image.

15. Image Super-Resolution using Interpolation

• Concept: Enhances the resolution of a low-resolution image by using

interpolation techniques like bilinear or bicubic interpolation.

• Application: Image enhancement for printing, medical imaging, and satellite

imagery.

• Example: Enhance the resolution of a low-quality satellite image.

o Key MATLAB Functions: imresize(), interp2()

o Output: A higher-resolution version of the input image.

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16. Fingerprint Recognition System

• Concept: Uses fingerprint patterns to identify and verify individuals, leveraging

image segmentation and feature extraction techniques.

• Application: Biometric authentication systems, security access control.

• Example: Implement a system that matches input fingerprints with a database

of registered fingerprints.

o Key MATLAB Functions: imcrop(), bwmorph(), regionprops()

o Output: Match percentage or decision regarding fingerprint

authentication.

17. Image Inpainting (Filling Missing Regions)

• Concept: Restores missing or damaged areas of an image by filling them in with

neighboring pixel information.

• Application: Restoration of old photographs, video editing, and post-processing

in art.

• Example: Restore damaged or missing parts of a historical photograph.

o Key MATLAB Functions: roipoly(), regionfill()

o Output: An image where missing regions are filled seamlessly.

18. Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation

• Concept: Segments blood vessels in retinal images to assist in the detection of

diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.

• Application: Medical diagnostics, ophthalmology.

• Example: Detect blood vessels in retinal scans for medical analysis.

o Key MATLAB Functions: edge(), bwmorph(), bwlabel()

o Output: A binary image highlighting the blood vessel structures.

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19. QR Code Detection and Decoding

• Concept: Detect and decode QR codes from images, allowing for information
extraction from physical objects.

• Application: Retail, logistics, and advertising.

• Example: Automatically detect and extract information from a QR code in an

image.

o Key MATLAB Functions: detectQRCode(), imshow()

o Output: Decoded text from the QR code.

20. Image Denoising using Gaussian Filter

• Concept: Reduces noise from an image using a Gaussian filter, which smooths
the image while preserving important details.

• Application: Photography, medical imaging, and video processing.

• Example: Remove noise from a low-light photograph to improve visual clarity.

o Key MATLAB Functions: imgaussfilt(), imshow()

o Output: A denoised image with smoother transitions between pixel

intensities.

21. Image Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

• Concept: Uses deep learning models, specifically CNNs, to classify images into
predefined categories.

• Application: Object recognition, facial recognition, and autonomous vehicle

vision.

• Example: Classify images of animals (e.g., cats vs. dogs) using a pre-trained
CNN model.

o Key MATLAB Functions: trainNetwork(), classify()

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 o Output: Class labels for the input images.

22. Pupil Detection in Eye Images

• Concept: Detects the pupil in eye images for tracking gaze direction or for
ophthalmological studies.

• Application: Eye-tracking systems, medical imaging for diagnosing eye

conditions.

• Example: Detect and track the pupil in an image of the human eye.

o Key MATLAB Functions: imfindcircles(), imshow()

o Output: A circle indicating the pupil region.

23. Skin Cancer Detection using Image Segmentation

• Concept: Segments skin lesions in images for the detection of melanoma using
image processing and machine learning techniques.

• Application: Medical diagnostics, dermatology.

• Example: Automatically detect potentially cancerous skin lesions from

dermatological images.

o Key MATLAB Functions: kmeans(), imread()

o Output: A segmented image highlighting suspicious areas of the skin.

24. 3D Image Reconstruction from 2D Images

• Concept: Reconstructs a 3D model from multiple 2D images using triangulation

and depth estimation techniques.

• Application: Medical imaging (CT scans), archaeology, and 3D modeling.

• Example: Create a 3D model of an object from multiple images taken at different

angles.

o Key MATLAB Functions: reconstructScene(), pointCloud()

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 o Output: A 3D model reconstructed from a series of 2D images.

25. Barcode Detection and Decoding

• Concept: Detect and decode barcodes in images for inventory management,

retail, and logistics applications.

• Application: Retail scanning systems, warehouse management.

• Example: Detect and decode a product's barcode from an image.

o Key MATLAB Functions: detectBarcode(), imshow()

o Output: Decoded product information from the barcode.

26. Image Blurring and Sharpening

• Concept: Apply blurring and sharpening filters to images to either reduce detail
(blur) or enhance edges (sharpen).

• Application: Preprocessing in computer vision, photo editing.

• Example: Apply a Gaussian blur and then sharpen an image to highlight key
features.

o Key MATLAB Functions: imfilter(), fspecial()

o Output: Blurred and sharpened versions of the original image.

27. Digital Image Watermarking for Copyright Protection

• Concept: Embed a watermark in an image in a way that is imperceptible to

human eyes but detectable by algorithms, for digital copyright protection.

• Application: Protect digital images, artworks, or photos from unauthorized use.

• Example: Add an invisible watermark to an image and then extract the

watermark from a distorted or compressed version of the image.

o Key MATLAB Functions: dct2(), idct2(), imwrite()

o Output: An image with a hidden watermark embedded within it.

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28. Fire and Smoke Detection using Video Frames

• Concept: Detects fire and smoke in video frames using color detection and
motion analysis.

• Application: Early fire detection in surveillance systems for industrial and

residential safety.

• Example: Detect fire or smoke in a live video feed from a surveillance camera.

o Key MATLAB Functions: vision.ForegroundDetector(), rgb2hsv()

o Output: Detection of fire or smoke regions in the video.

29. Rain Removal from Images using Image Processing

• Concept: Remove rain streaks from images to enhance visibility, often using
filters and texture analysis.

• Application: Weather condition analysis, autonomous vehicles.

• Example: Remove rain streaks from a photo taken during rainy weather to
improve clarity.

o Key MATLAB Functions: medfilt2(), edge()

o Output: An image with rain streaks removed.

30. Object Tracking using Kalman Filter

• Concept: Tracks the movement of objects in video sequences using Kalman

filters to predict and correct object positions.

• Application: Surveillance, autonomous vehicles, and sports analytics.

• Example: Track the movement of a ball in a sports video.

o Key MATLAB Functions: vision.KalmanFilter(), insertObjectAnnotation()

o Output: Tracked object trajectory in the video frames.

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