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JEE/NEET 2024
 JEE/NEET 2024
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Introduction
Cartesian Products of Sets
 Cartesian Products of Sets

Given two non-empty sets P and Q. The

cartesian product P × Q is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from P and Q,
i.e., P × Q = {(p, q) : p ∈ P, q ∈ Q}
If either P or Q is the null set, then P × Q
will also be empty set, i.e., P × Q = ϕ
 Remark

(i) Two ordered pairs are equal, if and only if

the corresponding first elements are equal
and he second elements are also equal.

(ii) If there are p elements in A and q

elements in B, then there will be pq elements
in A × B, i.e., if n(A) = p and

n(B) = q, then n(A × B) = pq.

 Remark

(iii) if A and B are non-empty sets and either

A or B is an infinite set, then so is A × B.

(iv) A × A × A = {(a, b, c) : a, b, c ∈ A}.

Here (a, b, c) is called an ordered triplet.

QUESTION
Q. If P = {a, b, c} and Q = {r}, from the sets
P × Q and Q × P. Are these two products
equal?
Q. If P = {a, b, c} and Q = {r}, from the sets
P × Q and Q × P. Are these two products
equal?
Q. If P = {a, b, c} and Q = {r}, from the sets
P × Q and Q × P. Are these two products
equal?
SOLUTION

P × Q = {(a, r), (b, r), (c, r)} and

Q × P = {(r, a), (r, b), (r, c)}
Since, by the definition of equality of
ordered pairs, the pair (a, r) is not equal
to the pair (r, a), we conclude that
P × Q ≠ Q × P.
However, the number of elements in
each set will be the same.
QUESTION
Q. If the set A has 3 elements and the set
B = {3, 4, 5}, then find the number of
elements in (A × B).
Q. If the set A has 3 elements and the set
B = {3, 4, 5}, then find the number of
elements in (A × B).
Q. If the set A has 3 elements and the set
B = {3, 4, 5}, then find the number of
elements in (A × B).
SOLUTION

Given, set A has 3 elements and the

elements of set B are {3, 4, and 5}.
So, the number of elements in set B = 3
Then, the number of elements in
(A × B) = (Number of elements in A)
× (Number of elements in B)
=3×3=9
Therefore, the number of elements in
(A × B) will be 9.
QUESTION
Q. Let A and B be two sets such that
n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 2. If (x, 1), (y, 2), (z, 1)
are A × B, find A and B, where x, y and z
are distinct elements.
Q. Let A and B be two sets such that
n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 2. If (x, 1), (y, 2), (z, 1)
are A × B, find A and B, where x, y and z
are distinct elements.
Q. Let A and B be two sets such that
n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 2. If (x, 1), (y, 2), (z, 1)
are A × B, find A and B, where x, y and z
are distinct elements.
SOLUTION

Given, n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 2; and (x, 1),

(y, 2), (z, 1) are in A × B.
We know that,
A = Set of first elements of the ordered
pair elements of A × B
B = Set of second elements of the
ordered pair elements of A × B.
So, clearly x, y, and z are the elements of
A ; and 1 and 2 are the elements of B.
As n(A) = 3 n(B) = 2, it is clear that set
A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2}.
QUESTION
Q. The Cartesian product A × A has 9
elements among which are found (-1, 0)
and (0, 1). Find the set A and the
remaining elements A × A.
Q. The Cartesian product A × A has 9
elements among which are found (-1, 0)
and (0, 1). Find the set A and the
remaining elements A × A.
Q. The Cartesian product A × A has 9
elements among which are found (-1, 0)
and (0, 1). Find the set A and the
remaining elements A × A.
SOLUTION
We know that,
If n(A) = p and n(B) = q, then n(A × B) = pq.
Also, n(A × A) = n(A) × n(A)
Given, n(A × A) = 9
So, n(A) × n(A) = 9
Thus, n(A) = 3
Also given that, the ordered pairs (-1, 0) and (0, 1)
are two of the nine elements of A × A.
And we know in A × A = {(a, a) ; a ∈ A}.
Thus, -1, 0, and 1 has to be the elements of A.
As n(A) = 3, clearly A = {-1, 0, 1}.
Hence, the remaining elements of set A × A are as
follows:
(-1, -1), (-1, 1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, -1), (1, 0), and (1, 1)
Relations
 Relations

A relation R from a non-empty set A to a

non-empty set B is a subset of the
cartesian product A × B. The subset is
derived by describing a relationship
between the first element and the second
element of the ordered pairs A × B.
The second element is called the image of
the first element.
 Domain of relation

The set of all first elements of the ordered

pairs in a relation R from a set A to a set B
is called the domain of the relation R.
 Codomain of Relation

The set of all second elements in a relation

R from a set A to a set B is called the range
of the relation R. The whole set B is called
the codomain of the relation R.
Note that range ⊂ codomain.
 Remark

(i) A relation may be represented

algebraically either by the Roster method or
by the Set-builder method.

(ii) An arrow diagram is a visual

representation of a relation.
QUESTION
Q. Define a relation R on the set N of
natural numbers by R = {(x, y) : y = x + 5,
x is a natural number less than 4;
x, y ∈ N}. Depict this relationship using
roster form. Write down the domain and
the range.
Q. Define a relation R on the set N of
natural numbers by R = {(x, y) : y = x + 5,
x is a natural number less than 4;
x, y ∈ N}. Depict this relationship using
roster form. Write down the domain and
the range.
Q. Define a relation R on the set N of
natural numbers by R = {(x, y) : y = x + 5,
x is a natural number less than 4;
x, y ∈ N}. Depict this relationship using
roster form. Write down the domain and
the range.
 SOLUTION

R = {(x, y) : y = x + 5, x is a natural number less

than 4, x, y ∈ N}
The natural numbers less than 4 are 1, 2, and 3.
So,
R = {(1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8)}
Now, the domain of R is the set of all first
elements of the ordered pairs in the relation.
Hence, domain of R = {1, 2, 3}
The range of R is the set of all second elements
of the ordered pairs in the relation.
Hence, Range of R = {6, 7, 8}
QUESTION
Q. A = {1, 2, 3, 5} and B = {4, 6, 9}. Define
a relation R from A to B by R = {(x, y): the
difference between x and y is odd; x ∈ A,
y ∈ B}. Write R in roster form.
Q. A = {1, 2, 3, 5} and B = {4, 6, 9}. Define
a relation R from A to B by R = {(x, y): the
difference between x and y is odd; x ∈ A,
y ∈ B}. Write R in roster form.
Q. A = {1, 2, 3, 5} and B = {4, 6, 9}. Define
a relation R from A to B by R = {(x, y): the
difference between x and y is odd; x ∈ A,
y ∈ B}. Write R in roster form.
 SOLUTION

Given,
A = {1, 2, 3, 5} and B = {4, 6, 9}
The relation from A to B is given as:
R = {(x, y): the difference between x and y is
odd: x ∈ A, y ∈ B}
Thus, R = {(1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 9), (3, 4), (3, 6),
(5, 4), (5, 6)}
QUESTION
Q. Determine the domain and range of
the relation R defined by
R = {(x, x + 5) : x ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}.
Q. Determine the domain and range of
the relation R defined by
R = {(x, x + 5) : x ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}.
Q. Determine the domain and range of
the relation R defined by
R = {(x, x + 5) : x ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}.
 SOLUTION

Given,
Relation R = {(x, x + 5): x ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}
Thus,
R = {(0, 5), (1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8), (4, 9), (5, 10}}
So,
Domain of R = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and,
Range of R = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
QUESTION
Q. Let A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2}. Find the
number of relations from A and B.
Q. Let A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2}. Find the
number of relations from A and B.
Q. Let A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2}. Find the
number of relations from A and B.
 SOLUTION

Given,
A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2}.
Now,
A × B = {(x, 1), (x, 2), (y, 1), (y, 2), (z, 1), (z, 2)}
As n(A × B) = 6, the number of subsets of A × B
will be 26.
Thus, the number of relations from A to B is 26
JEE/NEET 2024
 JEE/NEET 2024
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PRO LITE Recorded
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(at other tuition/
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Scheduled Yes NO Yes NO Yes

Class Recording Yes Yes Yes Maybe NO

In Class Doubt Yes NO Yes NO NO

In Class Feedback Yes NO Yes Maybe NO

In Class Interaction Yes NO Yes Maybe Yes

Class Notes Yes NO Yes Maybe NO

Assignments Yes Maybe Yes Maybe Yes

Fortnightly Tests Yes Maybe Yes Maybe Yes

Revision Yes Maybe Yes Maybe NO

Test Series Yes Maybe Yes Maybe NO
XXXX
 JEE/NEET 2024

Full- Syllabus Revision with Students will get Vedantu’s

258 Interactive Tatva Textbook PDFs
Sessions/year

Improve Your Conceptual

Access till JEE/NEET 2024
Understanding with 258
Assignments/year

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