MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

- SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code: 22316

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the
model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may
try to assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more
Importance (Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in
the figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner
may give credit for anyequivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed
constant values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers
and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of
relevant answer based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on
equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi
and Bilingual (English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma
Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if the students in first year (first and
second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the
Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts
with model answer.

Q. Sub Answer Marking

No Q.N. Scheme
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10M
a) Demonstrate the static and dynamic initialization of variables 2M
Ans. Static initialization Static
Syntax- initialization
datatype variable_name=value; -1M,
dynamic
Example -
initialization
int a=5; -1M
or
int a;
a=5;

Dynamic initialization
Syntax –
int a;

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

cout<<”Enter value of variable ”;

cin>>variable_name;

Example-
int a;
cout<<”Enter value of variable a”;
cin>>a;

Note: Syntax / Example shall be considered

b) Write the syntax for declaration of a class 2M
Ans. class class_name Correct
{ syntax 2M
private:
variable declarations;
function declarations;
public:
variable declarations;
function declarations;
};
c) State the characteristics of static member function 2M
Ans.  A static function can have access to only other static members Any two
characteristi
declared in the class. cs 1M each
 A static member function can be called using the class name
instead of objects as follows: class_name::function_name;
d) State different types of visibility modes in inheritance 2M
Ans.  private Any two
types 1M
 public each
 protected

e) Give the syntax for constructor in derived classes 2M

Ans. Derived_constructor (arglist1, arglist2,…, arglistN,): Correct
base1(arglist2), . . . ,baseN(arglistN) syntax 2M
{
Body of derived class constructor
}
f) Define polymorphism with its types 2M
Ans. Polymorphism is the ability to take more than one form. Definition
1M

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

Types:
1. Compile time polymorphism Types 1M

2. Run time polymorphism

g) Define file with its operations 2M
Ans. A file is a collection of related data stored in a particular area on Definition
the disk. 1M
File Operations: Any two
Open file operations
Close file 1M
Read file
Write file
Update file
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M
a) State the features of object oriented programming. 4M
Ans. Features of Object Oriented Programming are:
 Follows bottom-up approach in program design. Any four
features 1M
 Emphasis is on data rather than procedure. each
 Programs are divided into what are known as objects.
 Data structures are designed such that they characterize the
objects
 Functions that operate on the data of an object are tied together
in the data structures.
 Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions.
 Objects may communicate with each other through functions.
 New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary

b) Explain overloaded constructor with suitable example. 4M

Ans.  Constructor overloading is a process of defining more than one
constructor function in a class.
Explanation
 A class can have more than one constructor function 2M
 Type of constructor: default constructor, parameterized
constructor, constructor with default value and copy constructor.
 An appropriate constructor function executes when number of
parameters and its data type matches with constructor function
prototype.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

Example: Example
2M
class example
{
int a,b;
public:
example()
{
a=0;
b=0;
}
example(int x)
{
a=x;
}
example(int x,int y)
{
a=x;
b=y;
}
};
void main()
{
example I1;
example I2(10);
example I3(10,20);
}

In the above code, example is the name of the class.

First constructor is a default constructor that receives no arguments.
When object I1 is created without values, first constructor executes
and assigns 0 value to variables a and b.
Second constructor receives one argument. When object I2 is
created with one value, second constructor executes and assigns
value 10 to variable a.
Third constructor receives two arguments. When object I3 is created
with two values, third constructor executes and assigns value 10 to
variable a and value 20 to variable b.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

MODEL ANSWER-Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code: 22316

c) Write a program on single inheritance 4M

Ans. #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h> Correct
class employee logic 2M
{
protected:
Correct
int emp_id; syntax 2M
char name[10];
};
class emp_info:public employee
{
int basic_salary;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"Enter emp id";
cin>>emp_id;
cout<<"Enter name";
cin>>name;
cout<<"Enter basic salary";
cin>>basic_salary;
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"\nEmp_id="<<emp_id;
cout<<"\nName="<<name;
cout<<"\nBasic Salary="<<basic_salary;
}
};
void main()
{
emp_info e;
clrscr();
e.getdata();
e.putdata();
getch();
}

Note: Any other relevant program shall be considered.

d) Illustrate this pointer with example. 4M
Ans.  C++ uses a unique keyword called ‘this’ to represent an object
that invokes a member function.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

- SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code: 22316

 ‘this’ unique pointer is automatically passed to a member

function when it is invoked. Explanation
2M
 ‘this’ is a pointer that always point to the object for which the
member function is called.
 For example, the function call A.max ( ) will set the pointer
‘this’ to the address of the object A. Then suppose we call
B.max ( ), the pointer ‘this’ will store address of object B.

Example: Example
#include<iostream.h> 2M
class sample
{
int a;
public:
void setdata(int x)
{
this ->a=x;
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<this ->a;
}
};
void main()
{
sample s;
s.setdata(100);
s.putdata( );
}
In the above example, this pointer is used to represent object s when
setdata() and putdata ( ) functions are called.

Note: Any other relevant example shall be considered.

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M

a) Write a program to print first n natural numbers and their sum 4M
using for loop.
Ans. #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

void main()
{ Declaration
1M, Display
int n, sum = 0; of natural
clrscr(); numbers
cout<< "Enter a positive integer:"; 1M,
cin>> n;
cout<<"\nNatural numbers till "<<n<<" numbers are:"; Calculate
and display
for(inti = 1; i<= n; i++) sum 2M
{
cout<<i<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
for (i = 1; i<= n; i++)
{
sum=sum+i;
}
cout<< "Sum of numbers is = " << sum;
getch();
}

b) Compare static and non static data members (any four points) 4M
Ans.
Static data member Non static data member Any four
correct
1.It is declared using keyword 1.It is declared without using points 1M
'static'. keyword 'static'. each
2. Static data member is 2. Non-static data member
automatically initialized with can be initialized with zero or
zero. non-zero value.
3.All objects of a class share 3.Each object of the class gets
the same copy of static data its own copy of non-static
members. data members .
4.It can be accessed through 4.Itcan be accessed only
static member function as well through non-static member
as non-static member function function of the class
of the class
5. Declaration Syntax: 5.Declaration Syntax:
static data_type variable; data_type variable;
e.g. static int count; e.g. int no;

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

c) State any four rules for virtual functions 4M

Ans. Rules for virtual function are:
1. A virtual function must be a member of some class.
2. Virtual functions cannot be static members.
3. Virtual functions can be a friend of another class. Any four
4. Virtual functions should be accessed using pointers. correct rules
1M each
5. A virtual function in based class must be defined, even though
it may not be used.
6. The prototype of virtual functions should be same in base as
well as in derived class.
7. If it is defined in base class, it need not be necessarily redefined
in derived class.
8. A class may have virtual destructor, but it cannot have a virtual
constructor.
9. While a base pointer can point to any type of derived object, the
reverse is not true.
10. When a base pointer points to a derived class, incrementing or
decrementing it will not make it to point to the next object of
derived class.
d) Write a program for get and put functions 4M
Ans. Program code:
#include <iostream.h> Correct
syntax of
int main() get(): 2M,
{
int count = 0;
char c;
cout<< "INPUT TEXT\n"; Correct
syntax of
cin.get(c); put(): 2M
while (c != '\n')
{
cout.put(c);
count++;
cin.get(c);
}
cout<< "\nNumber of characters = " << count << "\n";
return 0;
}
Note: Any other relevant program shall be considered.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

MODEL ANSWER-Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code: 22316

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M

a) Explain the structure of C++ program 4M
Ans. General C++ program has following structure:
Correct
diagram 2M

Description: -
1. Include header files Correct
In this section a programmer includes all header files which are explanation
required to execute a given program. The most important file is 2M
iostream.h header file. This file defines most of the C++statements
like cout and cin. Without this file one cannot load the C++
program.

2. Class Declaration
In this section a programmer declares all classes which are
necessary for the given program. The programmer uses general
syntax of creating class.

3. Member Functions Definition

This section allows programmers to design member functions of a
class. The programmer can have an inside declaration of a function
or outside declaration of a function.

4. Main Function Program

In this section programmers create objects and call various
functions writer within various class.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

b) List any four properties of constructor function 4M

Ans. Properties of constructor function are:
1. A constructor name must be same as that of its class name. Any four
properties
2. Constructors are called automatically when the objects are 1M each
created.
3. Constructors should be declared in the public section to be
available to all the functions.
4. Constructors do not have return type, not even void and
therefore they cannot return value.
5. Constructors can have default arguments as other C++ functions.
6. Constructors cannot be inherited.
7. Constructors cannot be static.
8. Constructors cannot be virtual.
9. The address of a constructor cannot be referred.
10. Constructors are member functions so they can be overloaded.

c) Illustrate the concept of virtual base class with suitable example. 4M

Ans. Virtual Base Class: An ancestor class is declared as virtual base
class to avoid duplication of inherited members inside child class
due to multiple paths of inheritance.

Consider a hybrid inheritance as shown in the above diagram. The

child class has two direct base classes, Parent1 and Parent2 which
themselves have a common base class as Grandparent. The child Description
inherits the members of Grandparent via two separate paths. All the 2M
public and protected members of Grandparent are inherited into
Child twice, first via Parent1 and again via Parent2. This leads to Example
duplicate sets of the inherited members of Grandparent inside Child 2M
class. The duplication of inherited members can be avoided by
making the common base class as virtual base class while declaring
the direct or intermediate base classes as shown below.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

class Grandparent
{
};
class Parent1:virtual public Grandparent
{
};
class Parent2:virtual public Grandparent
{
};
class Child: public Parent1,public Parent2
{
};
Example:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class student
{
intrno;
public:
void getnumber()
{
cout<<"Enter Roll No:";
cin>>rno;
}
void putnumber()
{
cout<<"\n\n\t Roll No:"<<rno<<"\n";
}
};
class test: virtual public student
{
public:
int part1,part2;
void getmarks()
{
cout<<"Enter Marks\n";
cout<<"Part1:";
cin>>part1; cout<<"Part2:";

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

cin>>part2;
}
void putmarks()
{
cout<<"\t Marks Obtained\n";
cout<<"\n\t Part1:"<<part1;
cout<<"\n\tPart2:"<<part2;
}
};
class sports: public virtual student
{
public:
int score;
void getscore()
{
cout<<"Enter Sports Score:";
cin>>score;
}
void putscore()
{
cout<<"\n\t Sports Score is:"<<score;
}
};
class result: public test, public sports
{
int total;
public:
void display()
{
total=part1+part2+score;
putnumber();
putmarks();
putscore();
cout<<"\n\t Total Score:"<<total;
}
};
void main()
{
result obj;

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

clrscr();
obj.getnumber();
obj.getmarks();
obj.getscore();
obj.display();
getch();
}

d) State the advantages of pointer 4M

Ans. 1. Pointers save memory space.
2. Pointers reduce the length and complexity of a program. Any four
correct
3. Pointers allow the passing of arrays and strings to function more advantages
efficiently. 1M each
4. Pointers make it possible to return more than one value from the
function.
5. Execution time with pointers is faster because data are
manipulated with the address, that is, direct access to memory
location.
6. Memory is accessed efficiently with the pointers. The pointer
assigns and releases the memory as well. Hence it can be said
the Memory of pointers is dynamically allocated.
7. Pointers are used with data structures. They are useful for
representing two-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays.
8. An array, of any type, can be accessed with the help of pointers,
without considering its subscript range.
9. Pointers are used for file handling.
10. Pointers are used to allocate memory dynamically.
11. In C++, a pointer declared to a base class could access the object
of a derived class. However, a pointer to a derived class cannot
access the object of a base class.

e) Write a program for closing a file 4M

Ans. Program code:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
int main()
{

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

fstreamFileName;
FileName.open("FileName.txt", ios::in); File object
creation 1M,
if (!FileName) opening of
{ file 1M,
cout<<"File doesn’t exist"; closing of
} file 2M
else
{
cout<<"File opened successfully";
}
FileName.close();
return 0;
}
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12M
a) State the use of scope resolution operator and explain it with 6M
example.
Ans.  Scope of a variable extends from the point of declaration to the Explanation
3M
end of the block.
 A variable declared inside a block is 'local' variable and a
variable declared outside block is called as global variable.
 When we want to use a global variable but also has a local
variable with same name.
 To access the global version of the variable, C++ provides scope
resolution operator.

Example:-
#include <iostream> Example
using namespace std; 3M
char a = 'm';
static int b = 50;
int main() {
char a = 's';
cout<< "The value static variable b is : "<< ::b;
cout<< "\nThe value of local variable a is : " << a;
cout<< "\nThe value of global variable a is : " << ::a;
return 0;
}
Note: Any other relevant example shall be considered.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

MODEL ANSWER-Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code: 22316

b) Write a program to show object as function argument. 6M

Ans. #include <iostream>
class Decimal Correct
{ logic 3M
private:
int a; Correct
public: syntax 3M
void set(int x)
{
a = x;
}
void sum(Decimal ob1, Decimal ob2)
{
a = ob1.a + ob2.a;
}
void print()
{
cout<< "Value of A: " << a <<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Decimal d1;
Decimal d2;
Decimal d3;
d1.set(10);
d2.set(20);
d3.sum(d1, d2);
cout<<"First Decimal value\n";
d1.print();
cout<<"Second Decimal value\n";
d2.print();
cout<<"Sum of Decimal object1 and object2 =\n";
d3.print();
return 0;
}

Note: Any other relevant program shall be considered.

Page 15 / 20
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

MODEL ANSWER-Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code: 22316

c) Write a program on hybrid inheritance 6M

Ans. #include <iostream>
class A Correct
logic 3M
{
public: Correct
syntax 3M
int x;
};
class B : public A
{
public:
B() //constructor to initialize x in base class A
{
x = 10;
}
};
class C
{
public:
int y;
C() //constructor to initialize y
{
y = 4;
}
};
class D : public B, public C //D is derived from class B and class
C
{
public:
void sum()
{
cout<< "Sum= " << x + y;
}
};
int main()

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

{
D obj1; //object of derived class D
obj1.sum();
return 0;
}

Note: Any other relevant program shall be considered.

6. Attempt any TWO of the following 12M
a) State the difference between constructor and destructor (any six 6M
points)
Ans. Constructor Destructor Any six
points 1M
1. A constructor is a special 1. A destructor is a special each
member function whose task s member function
is to initialize the objects of whose task is to destroy
its class. the objects that have
been created by
constructor.
2. Constructors are classified in 2. Destructors are not
various types such as: classified in any types.
Overloaded constructor
Default constructor
Parameterized constructor
Copy constructor
3. It is invoked automatically 3. It is invoked implicitly
when the objects are created. by the compiler upon
exit of program / block /
function.
4. Constructor accepts 4. Destructor never
parameters. Also it can have accepts any parameter.
default value for its
parameter.
5. A class can have more than 5. A class can have at the
one constructor. most one constructor.
6. It constructs the values of 6. It does not construct the
data members of the class. values for the data
members of the class.
7. Syntax- 7. Syntax-
classname() destructor name is

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

{… preceded with tilde.

… ~classname()
} {….
….
}
8. Example- 8. Example-
ABC() ~ABC()
{ {
… ….
} }
b) Explain abstract class with suitable example. 6M
Ans.  By definition, a C++ abstract class must include at least one pure
virtual function. Correct
explanation
 Alternatively, put a function without a definition. 3M
 Because the subclass would otherwise turn into an abstract class
Correct
in and of itself, the abstract class's descendants must specify the example 3M
pure virtual function.
 Although the Abstract class type cannot be created from scratch,
it can have pointers and references made to it.
 A pure virtual function can exist in an abstract class in addition
to regular functions and variables.
 The main objective of abstract base class is to provide some
traits to the derived classes and to create a base pointer required
for achieving run time polymorphism
 Example:
#include<iostream>
class Figure
{
public:
virtual int Area() = 0;
void setBreadth(int br)
{
breadth = br;
}
void setHeight(int ht)

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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

{
height = ht;
}
protected:
int breadth;
int height;
};
class Rectangle: public Figure
{
public:
int Area()
{
return (breadth * height);
}
};

class Triangle: public Figure

{
public:
int Area()
{
return (breadth * height)/2;
}
};
int main()
{
Rectangle R1;
Triangle T1;
R1.setBreadth(6);
R1.setHeight(12);
T1.setBreadth(40);
T1.setHeight(4);
cout<< "The area of the rectangle is: " << R1.Area() <<endl;
cout<< "The area of the triangle is: " << T1.Area() <<endl;
}

Note: Any other relevant example shall be considered.

Page 19 / 20
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

-
Subject: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Subject Code:
22316

c) Write C++ program to overload binary operator ‘+’ to 6M

concatenate two strings.
Ans. #include<iostream> Correct
#include<string.h> logic 3M
class String
{
public: Correct
char str[20]; syntax 3M
public:
void accept_string()
{
cout<<"\n Enter String : ";
cin>>str;
}
void display_string()
{
cout<<str;
}
String operator+(String x) //Concatenating String
{
String s;
strcat(str,x.str);
strcpy(s.str,str);
return s;
}
};
int main()
{
String str1, str2, str3;
str1.accept_string();
str2.accept_string();
str3=str1+str2;
cout<<"\n\n Concatenated String is : ";
str3.display_string(); return 0;

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