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Computer

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3 views

Computer

Uploaded by

iitceho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to


automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical
operations (computation). Modern digital electronic computers
can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These
programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The
term computer system may refer to a nominally complete
computer that includes the hardware, operating system, software,
and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation; or
to a group of computers that are linked and function together,
such as a computer network or computer cluster.
A broad range of industrial and consumer products use computers
as control systems, including simple special-purpose devices like
microwave ovens and remote controls, and factory devices like
industrial robots. Computers are at the core of general-purpose
devices such as personal computers and mobile devices such as
smartphones. Computers power the Internet, which links billions
of computers and users.
Early computers were meant to be used only for calculations.
Simple manual instruments like the abacus have aided people in
doing calculations since ancient times. Early in the Industrial
Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long,
tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. More
sophisticated electrical machines did specialize analog calculations
in the early 20th century. The first digital electronic calculating
machines were developed during World War II, both
electromechanical and using thermionic valves. The first
semiconductor transistors in the late 1940s were followed by the
silicon-based MOSFET (MOS transistor) and monolithic integrated.
microprocessor and the microcomputer revolution in the 1970s.

1. Definition of computer

The definition of a computer has evolved over time and has been
described by different authors in different ways:

Babbage defined a computer as a machine


that could think and calculate on its own.
( Charles Babbage)

an information or data processing device


which accepts data in one form and. delivers it
in an altered form.
(Samuel )
2. Introduction to Computers
2.1. Meaning of a Computer: Computer is a machine
that can solve problems by accepting data performing
certain operations and presenting the results of those
operations under the direction of detailed step-by-step
instructions. Such a set of sequenced instructions, which
cause a computer to perform particular operations, is called
a program. The term computer has been derived from the
word “COMPUTE “which means calculate.

Computer is an electronic device, used for performing


calculations and controlling operations that be either expressed
in logical or numerical terms.

⮚ It stores and process data in binary form according to


instructions given to it in a variable program.
⮚ Computer need to be told exactly what to do and how to do to
accomplish a task.
⮚ It is a combination of hardware and software
⮚ Software is the set of instructions given to the computer.
⮚ The physical parts that make up computer are called hardware,
which are made of circuits and transistors.

2.2. The three main operations of computer are


1.Takes in data and instructions (input)
2. works with the data (processing)
3. puts out information (output)
3. Parts of a computer

Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer,


such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory
(RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound
card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a
monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.
CPU: A central processing unit (CPU), also
called a central processor, main processor, or
just processor, is the most important
processor in a given computer. Its electronic
circuitry executes instructions of a computer
program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling,
and input/output (I/O) operations. This role
contrasts with that of external components,
such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized
coprocessors such as graphics processing units (GPUs).

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