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Ch. 5 Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Estimation with Confidence Intervals
5.1 Identifying and Estimating the Target Parameter
1 Define Target Parameter

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.


1) Which statement best describes a parameter?
A) A parameter is a numerical measure of a population that is almost always unknown and must be
estimated.
B) A parameter is a level of confidence associated with an interval about a sample mean or proportion.
C) A parameter is a sample size that guarantees the error in estimation is within acceptable limits.
D) A parameter is an unbiased estimate of a statistic found by experimentation or polling.

2) A study was conducted to determine what proportion of all college students considered themselves as
full-time students. A random sample of 300 college students was selected and 210 of the students responded
that they considered themselves full-time students. Which of the following would represent the target
parameter of interest?
A) p B) μ

3) Parking at a large university can be extremely difficult at times. One particular university is trying to determine
the location of a new parking garage. As part of their research, officials are interested in estimating the average
parking time of students from within the various colleges on campus. Which of the following would represent
the target parameter of interest?
A) p B) μ

Answer the question True or False.


4) For data with two outcomes (success or failure), the binomial proportion of successes is likely to be the
parameter of interest.
A) True B) False

5) For quantitative data, the target parameter is most likely to be the mode of the data.
A) True B) False

5.2 Confidence Interval for a Population Mean: Normal (z) Statistic


1 Understand Confidence Level, Confidence Interval, α

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.


1) What is zα/2 when α = 0.06?
A) 1.88 B) 1.645 C) 1.96 D) 2.33

2) What is the confidence level of the following confidence interval for μ?


σ
x ± 1.645
n
A) 90% B) 95% C) 98% D) 165%

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3) The registrar's office at State University would like to determine a 95% confidence interval for the mean
commute time of its students. A member of the staff randomly chooses a parking lot and surveys the first 200
students who park in the chosen lot on a given day. The confidence interval is
A) not meaningful because of the lack of random sampling.
B) meaningful because the sample size exceeds 30 and the Central Limit Theorem ensures normality of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean.
C) not meaningful because the sampling distribution of the sample mean is not normal.
D) meaningful because the sample is representative of the population.

4) A 90% confidence interval for the mean percentage of airline reservations being canceled on the day of the
flight is (3.8%, 7.3%). What is the point estimator of the mean percentage of reservations that are canceled on
the day of the flight?
A) 5.55% B) 1.75% C) 3.65% D) 3.5%

5) A 99% confidence interval for the average salary of all CEOs in the electronics industry was constructed using
the results of a random survey of 45 CEOs. The interval was ($107,815, $122,881). To make more useful
inferences from the data, it is desired to reduce the width of the confidence interval. Which of the following will
result in a reduced interval width?
A) Increase the sample size and decrease the confidence level.
B) Decrease the sample size and decrease the confidence level.
C) Increase the sample size and increase the confidence level.
D) Decrease the sample size and increase the confidence level.

6) Suppose a large labor union wishes to estimate the mean number of hours per month a union member is absent
from work. The union decides to sample 366 of its members at random and monitor the working time of each
of them for 1 month. At the end of the month, the total number of hours absent from work is recorded for each
employee. Which of the following should be used to estimate the parameter of interest for this problem?
A) A large sample confidence interval for μ. B) A small sample confidence interval for μ.
C) A large sample confidence interval for p. D) A small sample confidence interval for p.

7) Explain what the phrase 95% confident means when we interpret a 95% confidence interval for μ.
A) In repeated sampling, 95% of similarly constructed intervals contain the value of the population mean.
B) 95% of similarly constructed intervals would contain the value of the sampled mean.
C) 95% of the observations in the population fall within the bounds of the calculated interval.
D) The probability that the sample mean falls in the calculated interval is 0.95.

8) Parking at a large university can be extremely difficult at times. One particular university is trying to determine
the location of a new parking garage. As part of their research, officials are interested in estimating the average
parking time of students from within the various colleges on campus. A survey of 338 College of Business
(COBA) students yields the following descriptive information regarding the length of time (in minutes) it took
them to find a parking spot. Note that the "Lo 95%" and "Up 95%" refer to the endpoints of the desired
confidence interval.

Variable N Lo 95% CI Mean Up 95% CI SD


Parking Time 338 9.1944 10.466 11.738 11.885

University officials have determined that the confidence interval would be more useful if the interval were
narrower. Which of the following changes in the confidence level would result in a narrower interval?
A) The university could increase their confidence level.
B) The university could decrease their confidence level.

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9) A retired statistician was interested in determining the average cost of a $200,000.00 term life insurance policy
for a 60-year-old male non-smoker. He randomly sampled 65 subjects (60-year-old male non-smokers) and
constructed the following 95 percent confidence interval for the mean cost of the term life insurance: ($850.00,
$1050.00). What value of alpha was used to create this confidence interval?
A) 0.10 B) 0.05 C) 0.025 D) 0.01

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

10) Suppose (1,000, 2,100) is a 95% confidence interval for μ. To make more useful inferences from the data, it is
desired to reduce the width of the confidence interval. Explain why an increase in sample size will lead to a
narrower interval of the estimate of μ.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Answer the question True or False.


11) One way of reducing the width of a confidence interval is to reduce the confidence level.
A) True B) False

12) The Central Limit Theorem guarantees an approximately normal sampling distribution for the sample mean
for large sample sizes, so no knowledge about the distribution of the population is necessary for the
corresponding interval to be valid.
A) True B) False

13) Since the population standard deviation σ is almost always known, we use it instead of the sample standard
deviation s when finding a confidence interval.
A) True B) False

14) The confidence coefficient is the relative frequency with which the interval estimator encloses the population
parameter when the estimator is used repeatedly a very large number of times.
A) True B) False

15) The confidence level is the confidence coefficient expressed as a percentage.


A) True B) False

Solve the problem.


16) What is the confidence coefficient in a 95% confidence interval for μ?
A) .95 B) .05 C) .025 D) .475

17) Which information is not shown on the screen below?

A) the confidence level B) the sample mean


C) the sample standard deviation D) the sample size

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2 Calculate, Interpret Confidence Interval

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.


18) Find z α/2 for the given value of α.
α = 0.08
A) 1.75 B) 1.41 C) 2.05 D) 0.18

19) Determine the confidence level for the given confidence interval for μ.
σ
x ± 2.05
n
A) 96% B) 98% C) 2% D) 94%

20) A random sample of n measurements was selected from a population with unknown mean μ and known
standard deviation σ. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for μ for the given situation. Round to the nearest
hundredth when necessary.
n = 160, x = 44, σ = 10
A) 44 ± 1.55 B) 44 ± 1.3 C) 44 ± 19.6 D) 44 ± 0.12

21) A 99% confidence interval for the average salary of all CEOs in the electronics industry was constructed using
the results of a random survey of 45 CEOs. The interval was ($135,463, $147,088). Give a practical interpretation
of the interval.
A) We are 99% confident that the mean salary of all CEOs in the electronics industry falls in the interval
$135,463 to $147,088.
B) 99% of all CEOs in the electronics industry have salaries that fall between $135,463 to $147,088.
C) We are 99% confident that the mean salary of the sampled CEOs falls in the interval $135,463 to $147,088.
D) 99% of the sampled CEOs have salaries that fell in the interval $135,463 to $147,088.

22) A random sample of 250 students at a university finds that these students take a mean of 15.4 credit hours per
quarter with a standard deviation of 2.3 credit hours. Estimate the mean credit hours taken by a student each
quarter using a 95% confidence interval. Round to the nearest thousandth.
A) 15.4 ± .285 B) 15.4 ± .188 C) 15.4 ± .018 D) 15.4 ± .012

23) A random sample of 250 students at a university finds that these students take a mean of 14.8 credit hours per
quarter with a standard deviation of 2.2 credit hours. The 99% confidence interval for the mean is 14.8 ± 0.358.
Interpret the interval.
A) We are 99% confident that the average number of credit hours per quarter of students at the university
falls in the interval 14.442 to 15.158 hours.
B) 99% of the students take between 14.442 to 15.158 credit hours per quarter.
C) We are 99% confident that the average number of credit hours per quarter of the sampled students falls in
the interval 14.442 to 15.158 hours.
D) The probability that a student takes 14.442 to 15.158 credit hours in a quarter is 0.99.

24) The director of a hospital wishes to estimate the mean number of people who are admitted to the emergency
room during a 24-hour period. The director randomly selects 81 different 24-hour periods and determines the
number of admissions for each. For this sample, x = 15.1 and s2 = 25. Estimate the mean number of admissions
per 24-hour period with a 99% confidence interval.
A) 15.1 ± 1.431 B) 15.1 ± 7.153 C) 15.1 ± .159 D) 15.1 ± .550

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25) Suppose a large labor union wishes to estimate the mean number of hours per month a union member is absent
from work. The union decides to sample 311 of its members at random and monitor the working time of each
of them for 1 month. At the end of the month, the total number of hours absent from work is recorded for each
employee. If the mean and standard deviation of the sample are x = 7.1 hours and s = 3.8 hours, find a 98%
confidence interval for the true mean number of hours a union member is absent per month. Round to the
nearest thousandth.
A) 7.1 ± .502 B) 7.1 ± .028 C) 7.1 ± .258 D) 7.1 ± .211

26) Parking at a large university can be extremely difficult at times. One particular university is trying to determine
the location of a new parking garage. As part of their research, officials are interested in estimating the average
parking time of students from within the various colleges on campus. A survey of 338 College of Business
(COBA) students yields the following descriptive information regarding the length of time (in minutes) it took
them to find a parking spot. Note that the "Lo 95%" and "Up 95%" refer to the endpoints of the desired
confidence interval.

Variable N Lo 95% CI Mean Up 95% CI SD


Parking Time 338 9.1944 10.466 11.738 11.885

Give a practical interpretation for the 95% confidence interval given above.
A) 95% of the COBA students had parking times of 10.466 minutes.
B) 95% of the COBA students had parking times that fell between 9.19 and 11.74 minutes.
C) We are 95% confident that the average parking time of all COBA students falls between 9.19 and 11.74
minutes.
D) We are 95% confident that the average parking time of the 338 COBA students surveyed falls between
9.19 and 11.74 minutes.

27) Parking at a large university can be extremely difficult at times. One particular university is trying to determine
the location of a new parking garage. As part of their research, officials are interested in estimating the average
parking time of students from within the various colleges on campus. A survey of 338 College of Business
(COBA) students yields the following descriptive information regarding the length of time (in minutes) it took
them to find a parking spot. Note that the "Lo 95%" and "Up 95%" refer to the endpoints of the desired
confidence interval.

Variable N Lo 95% CI Mean Up 95% CI SD


Parking Time 338 9.1944 10.466 11.738 11.885

Explain what the phrase "95% confident" means when working with a 95% confidence interval.
A) In repeated sampling, 95% of the sample means will fall within the interval created.
B) 95% of the observations in the population will fall within the endpoints of the interval.
C) In repeated sampling, 95% of the population means will fall within the interval created.
D) In repeated sampling, 95% of the intervals created will contain the population mean.

28) A retired statistician was interested in determining the average cost of a $200,000.00 term life insurance policy
for a 60-year-old male non-smoker. He randomly sampled 65 subjects (60-year-old male non-smokers) and
constructed the following 95 percent confidence interval for the mean cost of the term life insurance: ($850.00,
$1050.00). State the appropriate interpretation for this confidence interval. Note that all answers begin with "We
are 95 percent confidence that…"
A) The average term life insurance cost for sampled 65 subjects falls between $850.00 and $1050.00
B) The term life insurance cost of the retired statistician's insurance policy falls between $850.00 and $1050.00
C) The term life insurance cost for all 60-year-old male non-smokers' insurance policies falls between
$850.00 and $1050.00
D) The average term life insurance costs for all 60-year-old male non-smokers falls between $850.00 and
$1050.00

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.


29) A retired statistician was interested in determining the average cost of a $200,000.00 term life insurance policy
for a 60-year-old male non-smoker. He randomly sampled 65 subjects (60-year-old male non-smokers) and
constructed the following 95 percent confidence interval for the mean cost of the term life insurance: ($850.00,
$1050.00). Explain what the phrase "95 percent confident" means in this situation.
A) In repeated sampling, the mean of the population will fall within the specified intervals 95 percent of the
time.
B) In repeated sampling, 95 percent of the intervals constructed would contain the value of the true
population mean.
C) 95 percent of all retired statisticians are underinsured.
D) 95 percent of all the life insurance costs will fall within the specified interval.

30) How much money does the average professional football fan spend on food at a single football game? That
question was posed to 60 randomly selected football fans. The sampled results show that the sample mean was
$70.00 and prior sampling indicated that the population standard deviation was $17.50. Use this information to
create a 95 percent confidence interval for the population mean.
17.50 17.50 17.50 17.50
A) 70 ± 1.645 B) 70 ± 1.960 C) 70 ± 1.833 D) 70 ± 1.671
60 60 60 60

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

31) How much money does the average professional football fan spend on food at a single football game? That
question was posed to 40 randomly selected football fans. The sample results provided a sample mean and
standard deviation of $16.00 and $2.85, respectively. Find and interpret a 99% confidence interval for μ.

32) To help consumers assess the risks they are taking, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the
amount of nicotine found in all commercial brands of cigarettes. A new cigarette has recently been marketed.
The FDA tests on this cigarette yielded a mean nicotine content of 26.9 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.3
milligrams for a sample of n = 83 cigarettes. Find a 95% confidence interval for μ.

33) The following data represent the scores of a sample of 50 randomly chosen students on a standardized test.

39 48 55 63 66 68 68 69 70 71
71 71 73 74 76 76 76 77 78 79
79 79 79 80 80 82 83 83 83 85
85 86 86 88 88 88 88 89 89 89
90 91 92 92 93 95 96 97 97 99

a. Write a 95% confidence interval for the mean score of all students who took the test.
b. Identify the target parameter and the point estimator.

34) Suppose that 100 samples of size n = 50 are independently chosen from the same population and that each
sample is used to construct its own 95% confidence interval for an unknown population mean μ. How many of
the 100 confidence intervals would you expect to actually contain μ?

35) A random sample of n = 100 measurements was selected from a population with unknown mean μ and
standard deviation σ. Calculate a 95% confidence interval if x = 26 and s2 = 16.

36) A random sample of n = 144 measurements was selected from a population with unknown mean μ and
standard deviation σ. Calculate a 90% confidence interval if x = 3.55 and s = .49.

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37) A random sample of 80 observations produced a mean x = 35.4 and a standard deviation s = 3.1.

a. Find a 90% confidence interval for the population mean μ.


b. Find a 95% confidence interval for μ.
c. Find a 99% confidence interval for μ.
d. What happens to the width of a confidence interval as the value of the confidence coefficient is increased
while the sample size is held fixed?

5.3 Confidence Interval for a Population Mean: Student's t-Statistic


1 Compare t-Distribution to Normal Distribution

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.


1) Suppose you selected a random sample of n = 7 measurements from a normal distribution. Compare the
standard normal z value with the corresponding t value for a 90% confidence interval.

2) Suppose you selected a random sample of n = 29 measurements from a normal distribution. Compare the
standard normal z value with the corresponding t value for a 95% confidence interval.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

3) An educator wanted to look at the study habits of university students. As part of the research, data was
collected for three variables - the amount of time (in hours per week) spent studying, the amount of time (in
hours per week) spent playing video games and the GPA - for a sample of 20 male university students. As part
of the research, a 95% confidence interval for the average GPA of all male university students was calculated to
be: (2.95, 3.10). Which of the following statements is true?
A) In construction of the confidence interval, a t-value with 19 degrees of freedom was used.
B) In construction of the confidence interval, a t-value with 20 degrees of freedom was used.
C) In construction of the confidence interval, a z-value was used.
D) In construction of the confidence interval, a z-value with 20 degrees of freedom was used.

2 Use t-Distribution

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.


4) Find the value of t0 such that the following statement is true: P(-t0 ≤ t ≤ t0 ) = .99 where df = 9.
A) 3.250 B) 2.2821 C) 2.262 D) 1.833

5) Find the value of t0 such that the following statement is true: P(-t0 ≤ t ≤ t0 ) = .95 where df = 15.
A) 2.131 B) 1.753 C) 2.602 D) 2.947

6) Find the value of t0 such that the following statement is true: P(-t0 ≤ t ≤ t0 ) = .90 where df = 14.
A) 1.761 B) 1.345 C) 2.145 D) 2.624

7) Let t0 be a specific value of t. Find t0 such that the following statement is true:
P(t ≥ t0 ) = .005 where df = 20.
A) 2.845 B) -2.845 C) 2.861 D) -2.861

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

8) Let t0 be a particular value of t. Find a value of t0 such that P(t ≤ t0 or t ≥ t0 ) = .1 where df = 14.

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9) Let t0 be a particular value of t. Find a value of t0 such that P(t ≤ t0 ) = .005 where df = 9.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

10) Private colleges and universities rely on money contributed by individuals and corporations for their operating
expenses. Much of this money is invested in a fund called an endowment, and the college spends only the
interest earned by the fund. A recent survey of eight private colleges in the United States revealed the
following endowments (in millions of dollars): 67.5, 43.9, 248.1, 481.5, 129.7, 177, 110.4, and 207. What value
will be used as the point estimate for the mean endowment of all private colleges in the United States?
A) 183.138 B) 1465.1 C) 209.3 D) 8

11) Fifteen SmartCars were randomly selected and the highway mileage of each was noted. The analysis yielded a
mean of 47 miles per gallon and a standard deviation of 5 miles per gallon. Which of the following would
represent a 90% confidence interval for the average highway mileage of all SmartCars?
5 5 5 5
A) 47 ± 1.761 B) 47 ± 1.345 C) 47 ± 1.753 D) 47 ± 1.645
15 15 15 15

12) How much money does the average professional football fan spend on food at a single football game? That
question was posed to ten randomly selected football fans. The sampled results show that the sample mean
and sample standard deviation were $70.00 and $17.50, respectively. Use this information to create a 95
percent confidence interval for the population mean.
17.50 17.50 17.50 17.50
A) 70 ± 2.228 B) 70 ± 1.960 C) 70 ± 1.833 D) 70 ± 2.262
60 60 60 60

3 Calculate, Interpret Confidence Interval

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.


13) You are interested in purchasing a new car. One of the many points you wish to consider is the resale value of
the car after 5 years. Since you are particularly interested in a certain foreign sedan, you decide to estimate the
resale value of this car with a 99% confidence interval. You manage to obtain data on 17 recently resold
5-year-old foreign sedans of the same model. These 17 cars were resold at an average price of $12,140 with a
standard deviation of $800. What is the 99% confidence interval for the true mean resale value of a 5- year-old
car of this model?
A) 12,140 ± 2.921(800/ 17) B) 12,140 ± 2.898(800/ 17)
C) 12,140 ± 2.575(800/ 17) D) 12,140 ± 2.921(800/ 16)

14) You are interested in purchasing a new car. One of the many points you wish to consider is the resale value of
the car after 5 years. Since you are particularly interested in a certain foreign sedan, you decide to estimate the
resale value of this car with a 95% confidence interval. You manage to obtain data on 17 recently resold
5-year-old foreign sedans of the same model. These 17 cars were resold at an average price of $12,160 with a
standard deviation of $600. Suppose that the interval is calculated to be ($11,851.49, $12,468.51). How could we
alter the sample size and the confidence coefficient in order to guarantee a decrease in the width of the interval?
A) Increase the sample size but decrease the confidence coefficient.
B) Increase the sample size and increase the confidence coefficient.
C) Keep the sample size the same but increase the confidence coefficient.
D) Decrease the sample size but increase the confidence coefficient.

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15) How much money does the average professional football fan spend on food at a single football game? That
question was posed to 10 randomly selected football fans. The sample results provided a sample mean and
standard deviation of $19.00 and $2.70, respectively. Use this information to construct a 99% confidence
interval for the mean.
A) 19 ± 3.25(2.70/ 10) B) 19 ± 3.169(2.70/ 10)
C) 19 ± 3.106(2.70/ 10) D) 19 ± 2.821(2.70/ 10)

16) A marketing research company is estimating the average total compensation of CEOs in the service industry.
Data were randomly collected from 18 CEOs and the 90% confidence interval for the mean was calculated to be
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). Explain what the phrase "90% confident" means.
A) In repeated sampling, 90% of the intervals constructed would contain μ.
B) 90% of the population values will fall within the interval.
C) 90% of the sample means from similar samples fall within the interval.
D) 90% of the similarly constructed intervals would contain the value of the sample mean.

17) A marketing research company is estimating the average total compensation of CEOs in the service industry.
Data were randomly collected from 18 CEOs and the 90% confidence interval for the mean was calculated to be
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). What additional assumption is necessary for this confidence interval to be valid?
A) The population of total compensations of CEOs in the service industry is approximately normally
distributed.
B) None. The Central Limit Theorem applies.
C) The sample standard deviation is less than the degrees of freedom.
D) The distribution of the sample means is approximately normal.

18) A marketing research company is estimating the average total compensation of CEOs in the service industry.
Data were randomly collected from 18 CEOs and the 99% confidence interval for the mean was calculated to be
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). What would happen to the confidence interval if the confidence level were changed to
98%?
A) The interval would get narrower.
B) The interval would get wider.
C) There would be no change in the width of the interval.
D) It is impossible to tell until the 98% interval is constructed.

19) A computer package was used to generate the following printout for estimating the mean sale price of homes
in a particular neighborhood.

X = sale_price

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,300


SAMPLE STANDARD DEV = 13,747
` SAMPLE SIZE OF X = 15
CONFIDENCE = 99

UPPER LIMIT = 56,866.7


SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,300
LOWER LIMIT = 35,733.3

At what level of reliability is the confidence interval made?


A) 99% B) 1% C) 49.5% D) 50.5%

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.


20) A computer package was used to generate the following printout for estimating the mean sale price of homes
in a particular neighborhood.

X = sale_price

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,400


SAMPLE STANDARD DEV = 13,747
SAMPLE SIZE OF X = 15
CONFIDENCE = 98

UPPER LIMIT = 55,713.8


SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,400
LOWER LIMIT = 37,086.2

Which of the following is a practical interpretation of the interval above?


A) We are 98% confident that the mean sale price of all homes in this neighborhood falls between $37,086.20
and $55,713.80.
B) We are 98% confident that the true sale price of all homes in this neighborhood fall between $37,086.20
and $55,713.80.
C) 98% of the homes in this neighborhood have sale prices that fall between $37,086.20 and $55,713.80.
D) All are correct practical interpretations of this interval.

21) A computer package was used to generate the following printout for estimating the mean sale price of homes
in a particular neighborhood.

X = sale_price

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,600


SAMPLE STANDARD DEV = 13,747
SAMPLE SIZE OF X = 15
CONFIDENCE = 98

UPPER LIMIT = 55,913.80


SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,600
LOWER LIMIT = 37,286.20

A friend suggests that the mean sale price of homes in this neighborhood is $50,000. Comment on your friend's
suggestion.
A) Based on this printout, all you can say is that the mean sale price might be $50,000.
B) Your friend is wrong, and you are 98% certain.
C) Your friend is correct, and you are 98% certain.
D) Your friend is correct, and you are 100% certain.

22) To help consumers assess the risks they are taking, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the
amount of nicotine found in all commercial brands of cigarettes. A new cigarette has recently been marketed.
The FDA tests on this cigarette yielded mean nicotine content of 26.1 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.1
milligrams for a sample of n = 9 cigarettes. Construct a 98% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of
this brand of cigarette.
A) 26.1 ± 2.027 B) 26.1 ± 1.975 C) 26.1 ± 2.150 D) 26.1 ± 2.094

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23) Private colleges and universities rely on money contributed by individuals and corporations for their operating
expenses. Much of this money is invested in a fund called an endowment, and the college spends only the
interest earned by the fund. A recent survey of eight private colleges in the United States revealed the
following endowments (in millions of dollars): 60.2, 47.0, 235.1, 490.0, 122.6, 177.5, 95.4, and 220.0. Summary
statistics yield x = 180.975 and s = 143.042. Calculate a 90% confidence interval for the mean endowment of all
private colleges in the United States.
A) 180.975 ± 95.836 B) 180.975 ± 102.453 C) 180.975 ± 94.066 D) 180.975 ± 100.561

24) An educator wanted to look at the study habits of university students. As part of the research, data was
collected for three variables - the amount of time (in hours per week) spent studying, the amount of time (in
hours per week) spent playing video games and the GPA - for a sample of 20 male university students. As part
of the research, a 95% confidence interval for the average GPA of all male university students was calculated to
be: (2.95, 3.10). The researcher claimed that the average GPA of all male students exceeded 2.94. Using the
confidence interval supplied above, how do you respond to this claim?
A) We are 95% confident that the researcher is correct.
B) We are 100% confident that the researcher is incorrect.
C) We are 95% confident that the researcher is incorrect.
D) We cannot make any statement regarding the average GPA of male university students at the 95%
confidence level.

25) An educator wanted to look at the study habits of university students. As part of the research, data was
collected for three variables - the amount of time (in hours per week) spent studying, the amount of time (in
hours per week) spent playing video games and the GPA - for a sample of 20 male university students. As part
of the research, a 95% confidence interval for the average GPA of all male university students was calculated to
be: (2.95, 3.10). What assumption is necessary for the confidence interval analysis to work properly?
A) The Central Limit theorem guarantees that no assumptions about the population are necessary.
B) The population that we are sampling from needs to be a t-distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom.
C) The sampling distribution of the sample mean needs to be approximately normally distributed.
D) The population that we are sampling from needs to be approximately normally distributed.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

26) You are interested in purchasing a new car. One of the many points you wish to consider is the resale value of
the car after 5 years. Since you are particularly interested in a certain foreign sedan, you decide to estimate the
resale value of this car with a 95% confidence interval. You manage to obtain data on 17 recently resold
5-year-old foreign sedans of the same model. These 17 cars were resold at an average price of $12,900 with a
standard deviation of $700. Create a 95% confidence interval for the true mean resale value of a 5-year-old car
of that model.

27) A marketing research company is estimating the average total compensation of CEOs in the service industry.
Data were randomly collected from 18 CEOs and the 95% confidence interval was calculated to be
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). Give a practical interpretation of the confidence interval.

28) A marketing research company is estimating the average total compensation of CEOs in the service industry.
Data were randomly collected from 18 CEOs and the 98% confidence interval was calculated to be
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). Based on the interval above, do you believe the average total compensation of CEOs in
the service industry is more than $1,500,000?

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29) A computer package was used to generate the following printout for estimating the mean sale price of homes
in a particular neighborhood.

X = sale_price

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46300


SAMPLE STANDARD DEV = 13747
SAMPLE SIZE OF X = 25
CONFIDENCE = 90

UPPER LIMIT = 51003.90


SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46300
LOWER LIMIT = 41596.10

A friend suggests that the mean sale price of homes in this neighborhood is $47,000. Comment on your friend's
suggestion.

30) The following random sample was selected from a normal population: 9, 11, 8, 10, 14, 8. Construct a 95%
confidence interval for the population mean μ.

31) The following sample of 16 measurements was selected from a population that is approximately normally
distributed.

61 85 92 77 83 81 75 78
95 87 69 74 76 84 80 83

Construct a 90% confidence interval for the population mean.

5.4 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion


1 Determine if Assumptions are Satisfied

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.


1) A marketing research company is estimating which of two soft drinks college students prefer. A random
sample of 154 college students produced the following confidence interval for the proportion of college
students who prefer drink A: (.344, .494). Is this a large enough sample for this analysis to work?
^ ^
A) Yes, since both np ≥ 15 and nq ≥ 15.
B) Yes, since n = 154 (which is 30 or more).
C) No.
D) It is impossible to say with the given information.

2) A marketing research company is estimating which of two soft drinks college students prefer. A random
sample of 330 college students produced the following 95% confidence interval for the proportion of college
students who prefer one of the colas: (.330, .475). What additional assumptions are necessary for the interval to
be valid?
A) No additional assumptions are necessary.
B) The sample proportion equals the population proportion.
C) The sample was randomly selected from an approximately normal population.
D) The population proportion has an approximately normal distribution.

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3) What type of car is more popular among college students, American or foreign? One hundred fifty -nine
college students were randomly sampled and each was asked which type of car he or she prefers. A computer
package was used to generate the printout below for the proportion of college students who prefer American
automobiles.

SAMPLE PROPORTION = .396226


SAMPLE SIZE = 159

UPPER LIMIT = .46244


LOWER LIMIT = .331149

Is the sample large enough for the interval to be valid?


^ ^
A) Yes, since np and nq are both greater than 15.
B) Yes, since n > 30.
C) No, the sample size should be at 10% of the population.
D) No, the population of college students is not normally distributed.

4) A study was conducted to determine what proportion of all college students considered themselves as
full-time students. A random sample of 300 college students was selected and 210 of the students responded
that they considered themselves full-time students. A computer program was used to generate the following
95% confidence interval for the population proportion: (0.64814, 0.75186). The sample size that was used in this
problem is considered a large sample. What criteria should be used to determine if n is large?
A) If n > 30, then n is considered large.
^ ^
B) Both np ≥ 15 and nq ≥ 15.
C) If n > 25, then n is considered large.
D) When working with proportions, any n is considered large.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
^
5) For n = 40 and p = .35, is the sample size large enough to construct a confidence for p?

^
6) For n = 40 and p = .45, is the sample size large enough to construct a confidence for p?

^
7) For n = 800 and p = .99, is the sample size large enough to construct a confidence for p?

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Answer the question True or False.


^
8) The sampling distribution for p is approximately normal for a large sample size n, where n is considered large
^ ^
if both n p ≥ 15 and n(1 - p ) ≥ 15.
A) True B) False

9) When the sample size is small, confidence intervals for a population proportion are more reliable when the
population proportion p is near 0 or 1.
A) True B) False

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2 Construct, Interpret Confidence Interval

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.


10) A marketing research company is estimating which of two soft drinks college students prefer. A random
sample of n college students produced the following 99% confidence interval for the proportion of college
students who prefer drink A: (.407, .447). Identify the point estimate for estimating the true proportion of
college students who prefer that drink.
A) .427 B) .02 C) .407 D) .447

11) What type of car is more popular among college students, American or foreign? One hundred fifty -nine
college students were randomly sampled and each was asked which type of car he or she prefers. A computer
package was used to generate the printout below for the proportion of college students who prefer American
automobiles.

SAMPLE PROPORTION = .380735


SAMPLE SIZE = 159

UPPER LIMIT = .464240


LOWER LIMIT = .331153

What proportion of the sampled students prefer foreign automobiles?


A) .619265 B) .380735 C) .464240 D) .331153

12) What type of car is more popular among college students, American or foreign? One hundred fifty -nine
college students were randomly sampled and each was asked which type of car he or she prefers.. A computer
package was used to generate the printout below of a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of college
students who prefer American automobiles.

SAMPLE PROPORTION = .396


SAMPLE SIZE = 159

UPPER LIMIT = .486


LOWER LIMIT = .306

Which of the following is a correct practical interpretation of the interval?


A) We are 98% confident that the proportion of all college students who prefer American cars falls between
.306 and .486.
B) We are 98% confident that the proportion of the 159 sampled students who prefer American cars falls
between .306 and .486.
C) 98% of all college students prefer American cars between .306 and .486 of the time.
D) We are 98% confident that the proportion of all college students who prefer foreign cars falls between .306
and .486.

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.


13) What type of car is more popular among college students, American or foreign? One hundred fifty -nine
college students were randomly sampled and each was asked which type of car he or she prefers. A computer
package was used to generate the printout below of a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of college
students who prefer American automobiles.

SAMPLE PROPORTION = .396


SAMPLE SIZE = 159

UPPER LIMIT = .460


LOWER LIMIT = .332

Based on the interval above, do you believe that 31% of all college students prefer American automobiles?
A) No, and we are 90% confident of it. B) Yes, and we are 100 %sure of it.
C) Yes, and we are 90% confident of it. D) No, and we are 100% sure of it.

14) A newspaper reported on the topics that teenagers most want to discuss with their parents. The findings, the
results of a poll, showed that 46% would like more discussion about the family's financial situation, 37% would
like to talk about school, and 30% would like to talk about religion. These and other percentages were based on
a national sampling of 515 teenagers. Estimate the proportion of all teenagers who want more family
discussions about school. Use a 90% confidence level.
A) .37 ± .035 B) .37 ± .002 C) .63 ± .035 D) .63 ± .002

15) A newspaper reported on the topics that teenagers most want to discuss with their parents. The findings, the
results of a poll, showed that 46% would like more discussion about the family's financial situation, 37% would
like to talk about school, and 30% would like to talk about religion. These and other percentages were based on
a national sampling of 549 teenagers. Using 99% reliability, can we say that more than 30% of all teenagers
want to discuss school with their parents?
A) Yes, since the values inside the 99% confidence interval are greater than .30.
B) No, since the value .30 is not contained in the 99% confidence interval.
C) Yes, since the value .30 falls inside the 99% confidence interval.
D) No, since the value .30 is not contained in the 99% confidence interval.

16) A random sample of 4000 U.S. citizens yielded 2200 who are in favor of gun control legislation. Find the point
estimate for estimating the proportion of all Americans who are in favor of gun control legislation.
A) .5500 B) 2200 C) 4000 D) .4500

17) A random sample of 4000 U.S. citizens yielded 2250 who are in favor of gun control legislation. Estimate the
true proportion of all Americans who are in favor of gun control legislation using a 98% confidence interval.
A) .5625 ± .0182 B) .5625 ± .5727 C) .4375 ± .0182 D) .4375 ± .5727

18) A university dean is interested in determining the proportion of students who receive some sort of financial
aid. Rather than examine the records for all students, the dean randomly selects 200 students and finds that 118
of them are receiving financial aid. Use a 90% confidence interval to estimate the true proportion of students
who receive financial aid.
A) .59 ± .057 B) .59 ± .002 C) .59 ± .398 D) .59 ± .004

Page 148

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Exploring the Variety of Random
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Title: Mary: The Queen of the House of David and Mother of Jesus

Author: A. Stewart Walsh

Author of introduction, etc.: T. De Witt Talmage

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Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY: THE QUEEN


OF THE HOUSE OF DAVID AND MOTHER OF JESUS ***
By Frederick Goodall.
MARY AND THE INFANT SAVIOUR.
MARY:
THE
QUEEN OF THE HOUSE OF DAVID
AND
MOTHER OF JESUS.

THE STORY OF HER LIFE.

Gabriel.—“Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee:
Blessed art thou among women.”

Mary.—“All generations shall call me blessed.”

BY
Rev. A. STEWART WALSH, D.D.
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
Rev. T. DE WITT TALMAGE, D.D.
ILLUSTRATED.

PUBLISHED EXCLUSIVELY BY
A. S. GRAY & CO.
SUCCESSORS TO
Central Publishing House and Keystone Publishing Co.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
1889.
COPYRIGHT BY H. S. ALLEN,
1886.
COPYRIGHT OWNED BY
A. S. GRAY.
1889.

ARGYLE PRESS,
Printing and Bookbinding,
265 & 267 CHERRY ST., N. Y.

TO WOMANKIND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD


THIS

STORY OF A LIFE
MOST

BEAUTIFUL, BENEFICENT, AND INSPIRING


Is Dedicated

BY THE AUTHOR.
INTRODUCTION TO
THE QUEEN OF THE HOUSE OF DAVID.
By Rev. T. De Witt Talmage, D.D.
have been asked to open the front door of this book. But I
must not keep you standing too long on the threshold. The
picture-gallery, the banqueting hall and the throne-room are
inside. All the fascinations of romance are, by the able
author, thrown around the facts of Mary’s life. Much-abused
tradition is also called in for splendid service. The pen that the author
wields is experienced, graceful, captivating, and multipotent. As perhaps
no other book that was ever written, this one will show us woman as
standing at the head of the world. It demonstrates in the life of Mary
what woman was and what woman may be. Woman’s position in the
world is higher than man’s; and although she has often been denied the
right of suffrage, she always does vote and always will vote—by her
influence; and her chief desire ought to be that she should have grace
rightly to rule in the dominion which she has already won.
She has no equal as a comforter of the sick. What land, what street,
what house has not felt the smitings of disease? Tens of thousands of
sick beds! What shall we do with them? Shall man, with his rough hand,
and heavy foot, and impatient bearing, minister? No; he cannot soothe
the pain. He can not quiet the nerves. He knows not where to set the
light. His hand is not steady enough to pour out the drops. He is not
wakeful enough to be watcher. You have known men who have despised
women, but the moment disease fell upon them, they did not send for
their friends at the bank or their worldly associates. Their first cry was,
“Take me to my wife.” The dissipated young man at the college scoffs at
the idea of being under home influence; but at the first blast of typhoid
fever on his cheek he says, “Where is mother?” I think one of the most
pathetic passages in all the Bible is the description of the lad who went
out to the harvest fields of Shunem and got sunstruck; throwing his
hands on his temples, and crying out, “Oh, my head! my head!” and
they said, “Carry him to his mother.” And the record is “He sat on her
knees till noon and then died.”
In the war men cast the cannon, men fashioned the muskets, men
cried to the hosts “Forward, march!” men hurled their battalions on the
sharp edges of the enemy, crying “Charge! charge!” but woman scraped
the lint, woman administered the cordials, woman watched by the dying
couch, woman wrote the last message to the home circle, woman wept
at the solitary burial, attended by herself and four men with a spade.
Men did their work with shot and shell, and carbine and howitzer;
women did their work with socks and slippers, and bandages, and warm
drinks, and scripture texts, and gentle soothings of the hot temples, and
stories of that land where they never have any pain. Men knelt down
over the wounded and said, “On which side did you fight?” Women knelt
down over the wounded and said, “Where are you hurt? What nice thing
can I make for you to eat? What makes you cry?” To-night, while we
men are soundly asleep in our beds, there will be a light in yonder loft;
there will be groaning down that dark alley; there will be cries of
distress in that cellar. Men will sleep and women will watch.
No one as well as a woman can handle the poor. There are hundreds
and thousands of them in all our cities. There is a kind of work that men
cannot do for the destitute. Man sometimes gives his charity in a rough
way, and it falls like the fruit of a tree in the East, which fruit comes
down so heavily that it breaks the skull of the man who is trying to
gather it. But woman glides so softly into the house of want, and finds
out all the sorrows of the place, and puts so quietly the donation on the
table, that all the family come out on the front steps as she departs,
expecting that from under her shawl she will thrust out two wings and
go right up to Heaven, from whence she seems to have come down. O,
Christian young woman, if you would make yourself happy and win the
blessings of Christ, go out among the poor! A loaf of bread or a bundle
of socks may make a homely load to carry, but the angels of God will
come out to watch, and the Lord Almighty will give His messenger hosts
a charge, saying, “Look after that woman, canopy her with your wings,
and shelter her from all harm.” And while you are seated in the house of
destitution and suffering, the little ones around the room will whisper,
“Who is she? is she not beautiful?” and if you will listen right sharply,
you will hear dripping through the leaky roof, and rolling over the broken
stairs, the angel chant that shook Bethlehem: “Glory to God in the
highest, and on earth peace and good will to man.” Can you tell why a
Christian woman, going down among the haunts of iniquity on a
Christian errand, seldom meets with any indignity?
I stood in the chapel of Helen Chalmers, the daughter of the
celebrated Dr. Chalmers, in the most abandoned part of the city of
Edinburg; and I said to her, as I looked around upon the fearful
surroundings of that place, “Do you come here nights to hold a service?”
“Oh, yes,” she said; “I take my lantern and I go through all these haunts
of sin, the darkest and the worst; and I ask all the men and women to
come to the chapel, and then I sing for them, and I pray for them, and I
talk to them.” I said, “Can it be possible that you never meet with an
insult while performing this Christian errand?” “Never,” she said; “never.”
That young woman, who has her father by her side, walking down the
street, and an armed policeman at each corner is not so well defended
as that Christian woman who goes forth on Gospel work into the haunts
of iniquity carrying the Bible and bread.
Some one said, “I dislike very much to see that Christian woman
teaching these bad boys in the mission school. I am afraid to have her
instruct them.” “So,” said another man, “I am afraid too.” Said the first,
“I am afraid they will use vile language before they leave the place.”
“Ah,” said the other man, “I am not afraid of that; what I am afraid of is,
that if any of those boys should use a bad word in her presence, the
other boys would tear him to pieces—killing him on the spot.”
Woman is especially endowed to soothe disaster She is called the
weaker vessel, but all profane as well as sacred history attests that
when the crisis comes she is better prepared than man to meet the
emergency. How often have you seen a woman who seemed to be a
disciple of frivolity and indolence, who, under one stroke of calamity,
changed to be a heroine. There was a crisis in your affairs, you
struggled bravely and long, but after a while there came a day when
you said, “Here I shall have to stop;” and you called in your partners,
and you called in the most prominent men in your employ, and you said,
“We have got to stop.” You left the store suddenly; you could hardly
make up your mind to pass through the street and over on the ferry-
boat; you felt everybody would be looking at you and blaming you and
denouncing you. You hastened home; you told your wife all about the
affair. What did she say? Did she play the butterfly; did she talk about
the silks and the ribbons and the fashions? No; she came up to the
emergency; she quailed not under the stroke. She helped you to begin
to plan right away. She offered to go out of the comfortable house into a
smaller one, and wear the old cloak another winter. She was one who
understood your affairs without blaming you. You looked upon what you
thought was a thin, weak woman’s arm holding you up; but while you
looked at that arm there came into the feeble muscles of it the strength
of the eternal God. No chiding. No fretting. No telling you about the
beautiful house of her father, from which you brought her, ten, twenty,
or thirty years ago. You said, “Well, this is the happiest day of my life. I
am glad I have got from under my burden. My wife don’t care—I don’t
care.” At the moment you were utterly exhausted, God sent a Deborah
to meet the host of the Amalekites and scatter them like chaff over the
plain. There are scores and hundreds of households to-day where as
much bravery and courage are demanded of woman as was exhibited by
Grace Darling or Marie Antoinette or Joan of Arc.
Woman is further endowed to bring us into the Kingdom of Heaven. It
is easier for a woman to be a Christian than for a man. Why? You say
she is weaker. No. Her heart is more responsive to the pleadings of
divine love. The fact that she can more easily become a Christian, I
prove by the statement that three-fourths of the members of the
churches in all Christendom are women. So God appoints them to be the
chief agencies for bringing this world back to God. The greatest sermons
are not preached on celebrated platforms; they are preached with an
audience of two or three and in private home-life. A patient, loving,
Christian demeanor in the presence of transgression, in the presence of
hardness, in the presence of obduracy and crime, is an argument from
the throne of the Lord Almighty; and blessed is that woman who can
wield such an argument. A sailor came slipping down the ratlin one
night as though something had happened, and the sailors cried, “What’s
the matter?” He said, “My mother’s prayers haunt me like a ghost.”
In what a realm is every mother the queen. The eagles of heaven can
not fly across that dominion. Horses, panting and with lathered flanks,
are not swift enough to run to the outpost of that realm, and death itself
will only be the annexation of heavenly principalities. When you want
your grandest idea of a queen you do not think of Catherine of Russia,
or of Anne of England, or Maria Theresa of Germany: but when you
want to get your grandest idea of a queen you think of the plain woman
who sat opposite your father at the table or walked with him, arm in
arm, down life’s pathway; sometimes to the Thanksgiving banquet,
sometimes to the grave, but always together; soothing your petty griefs,
correcting your childish waywardness, joining in your infantile sports,
listening to your evening prayer, toiling for you with needle or at the
spinning wheel, and on cold nights wrapping you up snug and warm;
and then, at last, on that day when she lay in the back room dying, and
you saw her take those thin hands with which she had toiled for you so
long, and put them together in a dying prayer that commended you to
the God whom she had taught you to trust—oh, she was the queen! The
chariots of God came down to fetch her, and as she went in, all heaven
rose up. You can not think of her now without a rush of tenderness that
stirs the deep foundations of your soul, and you feel as much a child
again as when you cried on her lap; and if you could bring her back to
life again to speak, just once more, your name as tenderly as she used
to speak it, you would be willing to throw yourself on the ground and
kiss the sod that covers her, crying, “Mother! mother!” Ah, she was the
queen!
Home influences are the mightiest of all influences upon the soul.
There are men who have maintained their integrity, not because they
were any better naturally than some other people, but because there
were home influences praying for them all the time. They got a good
start. They were launched on the world with the benedictions of a
Christian mother. They may track Siberian snows, they may plunge into
African jungles, they may fly to the earth’s end, they can not go so far
and so fast but the prayer will keep up with them. Oh, what a multitude
of women in heaven. Mary, Christ’s mother, in heaven. Elizabeth Fry in
heaven. Charlotte Elizabeth in heaven. The mother of Augustine in
heaven. The Countess of Huntingdon is in heaven—who sold her
splendid jewels to build chapels—in heaven; while a great many others
who have never been heard of on earth, or known but little of, have
gone into the rest and peace of heaven. What a rest. What a change it
was from the small room with no fire and one window, the glass broken
out, and the aching side and worn out eyes, to the “house of many
mansions.” Heaven for aching heads. Heaven for broken hearts. Heaven
for anguish-bitten frames. No more sitting up until midnight for the
coming of staggering steps. No more rough blows on the temples. No
more sharp, keen, bitter curses.
Some of you will have no rest in this world; it will be toil and struggle
all the way up. You will have to stand at your door fighting back the wolf
with your own hand red with carnage. But God has a crown for you. He
is now making it, and whenever you weep a tear, He sets another gem
in that crown; whenever you have a pang of body or soul, He puts
another gem in that crown, until after a while in all the tiara there will
be no room for another splendor; and God will say to his angel, “The
crown is done; let her up that she may wear it.” And as the Lord of
righteousness puts the crown upon your brow, angel will cry to angel,
“Who is she?” and Christ will say, “I will tell you who she is; she is the
one that came up out of great tribulation and had her robe washed and
made white in the blood of the Lamb.” And then God will spread a
banquet, and He will invite all the principalities of heaven to sit at the
feast, and the tables will blush with the best clusters from the vineyards
of God and crimson with the twelve manner of fruits from the tree of
life, and water from the fountains of the rock will flash from the golden
tankards; and the old harpers of heaven will sit there, making music
with their harps, and Christ will point you out amid the celebrities of
heaven, saying, “She suffered with me on earth, now we are going to be
glorified together.” And the banquetters, no longer able to hold their
peace, will break forth with congratulation. “Hail! hail!” And there will be
a handwriting on the wall; not such as struck the Persian noblemen with
horror, but with fire-tipped fingers writing in blazing capitals of light and
love and victory: “God has wiped away all tears from all faces.”
And now I leave you in the hands of Dr. Walsh, the author of this
book. He will show you Mary, the model of all womanly, wifely, motherly
excellence—the Madonna hanging in the Louvre of admiration for all
Christendom, and for many millions in the higher Vatican of their
worship.
T. De Witt Talmage.
CONTENTS.

Chapter I.—The Queen’s Portrait.


“A form beloved comes again”—Inspired painters in a
voyage of discovery—Tributes to Mary, honoring all
womankind—Guido’s wish—Madonnas of many
climes. Raphael’s “Transfigured Woman”—
Savonarola’s bonfire—St. Luke’s picture of the
Virgin—The Vandal spirit. Page 29

Chapter II.—The Pilgrim, Crusader and Virgin.


Life a pilgrimage—Pilgrims of many faiths—A struggle
for holy places between the Pilgrim-Crusaders and
Moslem—The harem and the home—The rise of
Chivalry—The Knights and “Our Lady”—The results
of the Crusades. Page 36

Chapter III.—Armageddon! “The Key and Sickle.”


“The wandering hermit wakes the storms of war”—Acre
and Esdrælon, the “Armageddon” or “Mountain of
the Gospel” of the Scriptures—The battle-field of
nations—The City of Jeanne d’Arc. The jewel in the
sickle-haft—Prince Edward, the Crusade leader—
Sultan Kha-tel—The sacking of Acre—Actors
introduced. Page 48

Chapter IV.—Sir Charleroy; The Soldier of Fortune and


Knight of Saint Mary.
The flight from Acre to Nazareth—The born-leader—
Life estimates with Death holding the scales—A
prince honors, a bishop blesses, and a mother
loves—An epitome of paradoxes. Page 53
Chapter V.—Nazareth.
Nazareth, the place of Mary’s nativity—The choice of a
leader—The coward king—The Virgin’s Fount—
English songsters—The Knights’ mountain Litany—
Longings for home and mother—Nain and Endor’s
lessons. Page 61

Chapter VI.—The Fugitives.


A night bivouac amid sacred scenes—The “Knight of
the Holy-Sepulcher” who fled on “a white charger
with black wings”—The funeral at dawn—Mary’s
palm-bearing angel-guard—The twelve knights
separate into two parties—Will-makings and
farewells—By Endor to oblivion. Page 74

Chapter VII.—Ichabod.
Sir Charleroy’s band approach Shunem, the City of
Elijah—The surprise—Sir Charleroy the captive of
Azrael the Mameluke—The Mohammedan heaven
depicted—“A hair, the bridge over hell”—The
odoriferous houris—A gorgeous charnel-house
blasted—The prodigal becomes the herald of purity
—The Knight of Saint Mary and the Jewish Spy—
Adversity makes the Knight and the Jew friends—
The Knight instructing Ichabod—“’Till Shiloh
comes”—“The true, refined and final
Judaism”—“The east and the west embracing;
truth leading.”—An honest doubt is a real prayer. Page 82

Chapter VIII.—From Jericho to Jordan.


The radiant proselyte—Climbing to glory—The ghostly Page 93
forms hovering over submerged Sodom—Jordan’s
sweetening—Siddim-angels among the willows and
oleanders by the Dead Sea—Summonsed to fight
for the Crescent or go to the slave mart—
Nourahmal “The light of the harem” becomes the
disciple and friend of Ichabod—A debate
concerning women—A rarity and a wonder—“I told
her women had souls; she laughed like a
monkey”—The flight from Jericho by night—The
lightning—God’s torch—“Canst thou dance rocks
into camels?”—A mummy’s flight, and the burial of
a live man—“Unclean”—The solemn passage of
Jordan.

Chapter IX.—The Feast of The Rose.


A breakfast of lentils and barley in the wilderness—The
gloom of the Knight and the joy of the Jew—
Sermons on fate and songs in flowers—The poetry
of Ichabod—Celibacy a reward at Rome—Kneph
“The father of his mother”—The heathen and the
Christian “Feast of the Rose”—The summary of the
events in Mary’s life and in the life of Jesus—The
Egyptian Rosary—Neb-ta the maiden sister—The
egg and the cross, ancient signs of immortality—
The Copt priest—The insights of the Egyptians
symbolized by the Sphinx. Page 113

Chapter X.—After Eve, Esther or Mary?


By Jabbock, in the native place of Ichabod—Israelitish
maidens keeping the feast of Esther—Religious
love, filial love and lover’s love—The poetic Jew’s
rhapsody concerning affection—God’s voice in the
Garden—The ideal women of the Old Testament
and of the New—The Jew’s cry for mother—
Vacillating Sir Charleroy—“Echo’s Magic”—Jewish
customs. Page 135

Chapter XI.—The Feast of Purim.


A night-scene by Jabbock—Harrimai the priest, and his
daughter Rizpah—The religious ceremonial and the
revel—Sir Charleroy and Rizpah as “Ahasuerus and
Esther”—The Knight’s secret discovered—Conquest
of a woman’s heart through pity—“Of what metals
Jewish maidens are.” Page 152
Chapter XII.—Astarte or Mary?
The Knight of Saint Mary enslaved by a Hebrew beauty
—The journey toward Bozrah—The Mameluke
attack—The hand to hand fight—Sir Charleroy
wounded and Ichabod slain—Rizpah’s heroism in
peril—Espousal in the face of death—A wonderful
vision. Page 170

Chapter XIII.—From Ramoth Gilead to Damascus.


Teacher and pupil become patient and nurse—Perilous
relations—Delights, assurances, fears and clouds—
Harrimai’s discovery and his malediction—Love’s
debate and decision—Elopement by night—the
Knight and the Jewess wedded at Damascus. Page 182

Chapter XIV.—The Theater of the Giants.


The death of Harrimai—A honey-moon in the “Eye of
the East”—To Bashan with the Mecca chaplet-
seekers—Nature, art and desolation—Lejah’s black
lava-sea—The frenzies of Gerash’s passion-flower—
Reaction after exaltation—“A camel voyage in-
sea”—Rizpah’s challenge—Jealous of Sir
Charleroy’s love for Mary—“Illusion”—The church
of Saint George at Edrei—Recrimination—Ridicule
costly to pride—Neither Christian, Jew nor Pagan—
A woman with unsettled faith—A babe poisoned by
its mother’s passion—The lamp and the palm-trees
—The Knight’s appeals—Omens—A beacon needed
—Fleeing the Lejah—To Bozrah. Page 195

Chapter XV.—The Revels of Men and the rites of Their


Goddesses.
Kunawat at the City of Job—The Shrine of Astarte—The Page 212
Cyclopean image—Questioning the Soul, Time and
God—Hugeness, greatness; littleness, caricature—
The naked worshipers of the golden calf—Sins
exposed—Purity’s vision—Phallic mysteries—Khem
—Female deities—Dualism—Immortality by
progeny and by regeneration—The fire-worshiper’s
mystic number eight, and the Jewish covenant
number seven.

Chapter XVI.—A Battle of Giants at Bozrah.


Houses forty centuries old—The old stone-house of an
ancient giant becomes the home of the knight and
his wife—How circumstances change people—
Recriminations and reconciliation—“The gall taken
from animals offered to Juno, goddess of
marriage”—Rizpah’s temper that seemed brilliant
before wedlock, afterward seems to Sir Charleroy
very like that of a virago—The charming nonsense
of those for the first time parents—Shall she be
named Davidah, Angela, Marah or Mary?—The
Christian and Jewish faith battle about the cradle—
The separation of husband and wife, in anger—The
sick child and the desolated, deserted wife—Rizpah
longs for a mother, such as Mary of Bethlehem. Page 224

Chapter XVII.—Rizpah the Ancient Mother of Sorrows.


After many years, Rizpah dwells in Bozrah with her
three children—Rizpah of Bozrah fascinated by
Rizpah of Gibeah—Miriamne the daughter of
Rizpah—The daughter appalled by her mother’s
mysterious hallucinations—The wonders of
mother-love—The story of the ancient, Jewish
“Mother of Sorrows”—The omen of the bat and the
parable of the stars. Page 245

Chapter XVIII.—The Queen Proclaimed in the Giant City.


The old and the young Jews—The old Christian priest Page 264
and his Jewess proselyte—Attacked by Mamelukes
—The “Old Clock Man”—The Balsam Band—
Miriamne, the Jewess proselyte, questions
concerning the queen of the old priest’s heart—
The miraculous picture of Mary at Damascus—
Silver hands and feet—Crown jewels.

Chapter XIX.—The Story of Mary’s Childhood. Page 282

Chapter XX.—The Wedding—The Birth and the Flight.


The birth of Jesus and the flight to Egypt—Miriamne
reads to her mother a Christian account of Mary’s
espousal—Rizpah curious but doubtful. Page 293

Chapter XXI.—The Queen and Her Family in Egypt.


Father Adolphus and Miriamne converse of the Holy
Family’s sojourn in Egypt—Heliopolis and the
Temple of the Sun—Fire-worshipers—At Memphis,
the shrine of Apis the sacred bull—The red heifer
of Israel—The Holy Family rescued in Egypt by a
robber who afterward died on the cross next to
the Savior—The legend of a gipsy’s prophecy
concerning Jesus—Zingarella won by the Virgin. Page 312

Chapter XXII.—The Shadow of the Cross.


Rizpah dreading heresy yet charmed by the story of
the “Girl Wife”—“Behold my mother and
brethren”—Christ’s message to his widowed
mother—The “Church of the Terror”—Rizpah’s
vision of “Glad Tidings.” Rizpah of Bozrah allured
from Rizpah of Gibeah—A hot-chase after an old
love—The sword that pierced Mary—The shadow
of the cross horrifies Rizpah—The faith of the
Nazarene denounced—Miriamne driven from home
by her mother. Page 322

Chapter XXIII.—The Miserere and the Easter Anthem.


Miriamne alone at night in the giant city—A refuge at
the Christian priest’s—The midnight Miserere—
Penitents—Easter at Bozrah—Finding the mother-
love in God’s heart. Page 337
Chapter XXIV.—A Heroine’s Pilgrimage.
The convert’s yearnings—“Go and tell”—When parents
oppose each other which shall the child follow?—A
child of the kingdom in a new family circle—Jesus,
Mary and the elect—Miriamne’s two great
ambitions—Living apart may be as sinful as actual
divorcement—Father Adolphus encourages and
Rizpah opposes Miriamne—Rizpah recounts to
Miriamne the story of her love for Sir Charleroy, his
madness and her own futile visit to London in the
effort to win him back—The curse of heredity—“I’ll
disown thee with tears in my voice and kisses in
my heart.” Page 351

Chapter XXV.—Consolatrix Afflictorum.


Miriamne’s welcome by the London Palestineans—The
daughter meets her father in a mad-house—
Disappointment—The flight—The search—The
White Madonna of the Asylum Park—Love the
remedy of minds perturbed by hate—Pallas-Athene
the virgin of the heathen—Miriamne’s letter to her
mother and its grim answer. Page 367

Chapter XXVI.—The Wedding at Cana.


Sir Charleroy giving signs of recovery under Miriamne’s
Ministries—A remarkable service in the chapel of
the Palestineans—The knight interested in the
story of Cana—The address of Cornelius, on
“Home” and “Marriage”—“Is this London or
Bozrah?”—Sir Charleroy’s sudden relapse—
Miriamne’s adroit ministries—Memories that
awaken hopes—The clouds again lifting—Mary’s
life motto. Page 381

Chapter XXVII.—The Star of the Sea.


Sir Charleroy, partially restored, with Miriamne and Page 397
Cornelius journeying toward Syria—Passing Cyprus
—Olympus—A storm rising on the Mediterranean—
Cornelius presses his love suit on Miriamne—
Miriamne pledges love, but pleads her mission as a
barrier to marriage—Conflicts below, tempests
aloft—A dream; Venus’s court and Mary’s triumph
—Sir Charleroy in frenzy defying the billows—An
hour of peril—The “Lightning Song” of the sailors—
The twin stars—“Mary, Star of the Sea”—The
victims of fabricated consciences—Parting.

Chapter XXVIII.—The Queen in the Valley of Sorrows.


Father and daughter at Acre—The mysterious
Hospitaler—From Acre to Joppa—“The myths are
as full of women as the women are full of
myths”—The wars of men about women—At
Jerusalem—The wonderful words of the Knight-
Hospitaler, turned preacher—The Via Dolorosa—
The Valley of Jehosaphat—The mountain outlook
—“Soldiers Speed the Cross”—Mary, the sun of
women, rising in moral grandeur above the women
of the grove-shrines—The panorama of the ages,
passing before Mary’s mind. Page 419

Chapter XXIX.—Two Dead Hearts Uniting Two Living Ones.


From Jerusalem to Bozrah—The tomb of Ichabod—Sir
Charleroy argues against meeting Rizpah—
Miriamne’s strong argument in behalf of the lasting
obligations of marriage—A husband reaching the
climax of revenges—Joseph by kindness kept Mary
in sweet mood and so blessed the unborn Christ
—“Miriamne, I am a bundle of contradictions!”—
The news-rider—A plague at Bozrah—De Griffin’s
twins nigh death—Miriamne meets her mother—
Reconciliation—A strange funeral; only two women
as mourners and pall-bearers. Page 437

Chapter XXX.—The “Knight of Saint Mary” and Rizpah at


the Grave of their Sons.
Father Adolphus and Sir Charleroy—A ruined temple
and a ruined man—“A woman, a woman leading in
religion!”—Jesus and Magdalena—The twelve
appearings of the lingering Christ—The Savior’s
love-letter from heaven to His mother—Lucifer’s
attempt at suicide—The kiss befouled by treason—
The meeting of Sir Charleroy and Rizpah—“The
tomb of giant-love grown to mad-hate.” Page 453

Chapter XXXI.—The Rose, Queen of Hearts in Bozrah.


A scene of domestic happiness—Love the vassal of the
will—Neb-ta in the “Judgment Hall of Truth”—The
lambs that are offered by sectarian hates—The
Arcana of glorious wedded love—Rizpah
transformed—Miriamne’s public profession of
Christ—Cornelius Woelfkin again appeals for union
in wedlock—An inner and an outer Miriamne—The
coronation of love—The solemn espousal. Page 467

Chapter XXXII.—The Queen and the Grail-seekers.


“The gold of my heart to the man that piloted me to
happiness”—Miriamne yearns for a world in sin—
Has the Church or God failed?—A revolutionary
reformer—The story of the grail quest—The quest
of a heavenly cure for human ills—The triumphant
Adam and Eve—The queenly women of patriarchal
times—The mother of the Savior as the wife of a
carpenter—What kept her young heart from
breaking—Miriamne’s farewell to Bozrah. Page 484

Chapter XXXIII.—The Hospitaler’s Oration.


The secret meeting of the Knights at the house of
Phebe—Swords bent sickle-like and spears crossed
—After war, social victories—Sunrise at midnight—
Each career determined by the life that gives life—
The girdle of Venus—Next after God, Mary chiefly
instrumental in giving the world a Savior. Page 498
Chapter XXXIV.—Memorials at Bozrah.
The death of Dorothea—The priest of the wayside—The
wedding of Cornelius and Miriamne—A pilgrimage
to the tombs of Adolphus, Charleroy and Rizpah.
Backlook, and outlooks. Page 510

Chapter XXXV.—The Sisters of Bethany.


The Missioners at Bethany—The site of the Home of
Jesus—Miriamne’s ideal society—The miracle age—
A home, not a throne, the place of Ascension—Will
Jesus so return?—The angel bivouac. Page 522

Chapter XXXVI.—The Queen of the House of David.


The Knight’s Pentecost—In the upper room of Joseph
of Arimathæa—Mary’s title and realm—Luke, the
word-painter—The smoke side and the fire side of
Pentecost. Page 529

Chapter XXXVII.—The Coronation of the Queen.


The Hospitaler deemed a prophet at Bethany. The
legitimacy of Jesus as the “son of David” assured
through His mother—“The reign of blood”—First
born—Pagan Rome made sponsor for Mary’s son—
Doomsday books and royal charters. Page 538

Chapter XXXVIII.—The “light of the Harem” in the “Temple


of Allegory.”
The old church at Bethany—A dedication—The wonders
of symbolism—Idolatry and Mariolatry. Page 548

Chapter XXXIX.—Crown Jewels.


The Hospitaler warns the Missioners of the Sheik of Page 568
Jerusalem’s designs—The son of Azrael—Immunity
purchased—The wedding of Beulah, Nourahmal’s
grand-daughter to a Jewish convert—The wedding
address—Juno-Moneta—Crown jewels of maidens
and mothers—Mary sounding the depths of
woman’s miseries—A malediction for lust—“Knights
of the White Cross”—The lost woman dreaming of
how it seems to have a mother’s arms infolding
her—The Virgin’s potent example.

Chapter XL.—The Queen’s Vision of the Age of Gold and


Fire.
Nourahmal wed to the Druse camel-driver—the Druse
converted—The Hospitaler’s message—Ezekiel
prophecies fulfilled at Olivet—The “Mother’s
pillow”—Gabriel, the “Angel of Mothers and of
Victories.” Page 581

Chapter XLI.—A Chime and a Dirge at Christmas-Time.


“Motherhood priced”—“Thou shalt be saved in child-
bearing”—Sylvan gods of Rome—“The
Miriamites,”—“In Rama, weeping and great
mourning”—Joachim’s bleating lamb slain—
Woman’s supreme hour—Maternity’s crucifixion
—“The Cæsarian Section”—The ebbing tide and
the stranded wreck, at midnight. Page 595

Chapter XLII.—The Mother of Sorrows Triumphant at Last.


The funeral of Miriamne—The Hospitaler tells the
traditions of Mary’s death and assumption—What
the Druse convert said to his camel—“The beatings
of mighty wings”—The tomb of Miriamne in
Gethsemane. Page 611

Chapter XLIII.—A Coffin Full of Flowers, and a Girdle with


Wings.
Cornelius and his son at Bethany—Changed scenes—
Under the lights and shadows of Chemosh—A
widower’s grief—Azrael’s putative son razes to the
ground Miriamne’s home and temple—The legend
of Mary’s coffin and girdle—The last of the new
grail-knights—A sad and dramatic tableau. Page 618
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

I.
Mary and the Infant Jesus, Frontispiece
(The original painted by Goodall.)

PAGE

II.
The Birth of Mary 60
(The original painted by Murillo.)

III.
Rizpah Defending the Dead Bodies of Her Relations, 250
(The original painted by Becker.)

IV.
The Education of Mary, 282
(The original painted by Carl Muller.)

V.
The Marriage of Mary and Joseph, 294
(The original painted by Raphael.)

VI.
The Shadow of the Cross, 332
(The original painted by Morris.)

VII.
Jesus at the Age Twelve
of with Mary and Joseph on their
way to Jerusalem, 350
(The original painted by Mengelburg.)

VIII.
The Youth Jesus Yielding to the Wishes of His Mother, 366
(The original painted by W. Holman Hunt.)

IX.
The Wedding at Cana, 380
(The original painted by Paul Veronese.)

X.
Mary and St. John, 433
(The original painted by Plockhorst.)

THE
QUEEN OF THE HOUSE OF
DAVID
CHAPTER I.
THE QUEEN’S PORTRAIT.

“And breaking as from distant gloom,


A face comes painted on the air;
A presence walks the haunted room,
Or sits within the vacant chair.
And every object that I feel
Seems charged by some enchanter’s wand.
And keen the dizzy senses thrill,
As with the touch of spirit hand.
A form beloved comes again,
A voice beside me seems to start,
While eager fancies fill the brain,
And eager passions hold the heart.”

aster, we would see a sign from Thee, was the cunning


challenge of the Scribes and Pharisees. They were certain
that, in this at least, the hearts of the people would be with
them. A sign, a scene, a symbol, were the constant demand
and quest of the olden times, as of all times. Even Jehovah
led forth to victory and trust, as necessity was upon Him in leading
human followers, “with an outstretched arm, and with signs and with
wonders.” The Jews, seemingly so doubtful and so querulous, after all
articulated the longings of the universal humanity. The longing
stimulated the effort to gratify it, and forthwith the artist became the
teacher of the people. Presentments of Mary, as she might have been,
and as she was imagined to have been by those most devout, were
multiplied. Piety sought to express its regard for her by making her more
real to faith through the instrumentality of the speaking canvas, but
beyond this there was the desire to embody certain charms and virtues
of character dear to all pure and devout ones. These were expressed by

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