RPROGRAMMING

1.Sample Program

print(“R Hello World!”)

Output:

[1] “R Hello World!”

2.Write a R program to take input from the user (name and age ) and display the values.Also print
the version of R installation.

name = readline(prompt="Input your name:")

age = readline(prompt="Input your age:")

print(paste("My name is",name,"and I am",age,"years old."))

print(R.version.string)

Output1:

Input your name:Chinnu

Input your age:18

[1] "My name is Chinnu and I am 18 years old."

[1] "R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31 ucrt)"

3.Write a R program to get the details of the objects in memory.

name = "Python";

n1 = 10;

n2 = 0.5

nums = c(10,20,30,40,50,60)

print(ls())

print("Details of the objects in memory:")

print(ls.str())

Output:

[1] "n1" "n2" "name" "num" "nums"

[1] "Details of the objects in memory:"

n1 : num 10
n2 : num 0.5

name : chr "Python"

nums : num [1:6] 10 20 30 40 50 60

4.Write a R program to create a sequence of numbers from 20 t0 50 and find the mean of numbers
from 20 to 60 and the sum of numbers from 51 to 91.

print("Sequence of numbers from 20 to 50:")

print(seq(20,50))

print("Mean of numbers from 20 to 60:")

print(mean(20:60))

print("sum of numbers from 51 to91:")

print(sum(51:91))

Output:

[1] "Sequence of numbers from 20 to 50:"

[1] 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

[26] 45 46 47 48 49 50

[1] "Mean of numbers from 20 to 60:"

[1] 40

[1] "sum of numbers from 51 to91:"

[1] 2911

5.Write a R program to create a simple bar plot of five subjects marks.

marks = c(70, 95, 80, 74,100)

barplot(marks,

main = "Comparing marks of 5 subjects",

xlab = "Marks",

ylab = "Subject",

names.arg = c("English", "Science", "Math.", "Hist.","Biology."),

col = "darkgreen",
horiz = FALSE)

Output:

5) Write a R program to get the unique elements of a given string and unique numbers of vector

str1 = "Cricket is our religion and sachin is your god."

print("Original vector(string)")

print(str1)

print("Unique elements of the said vector:")

print(unique(tolower(str1)))

nums = c("Unique elements of the said vector:")

print(unique(nums))
OUTPUT:

[1] "Original vector(string)"

[1] "Cricket is our religion and sachin is your god."

[1] "Unique elements of the said vector:"

[1] "cricket is our religion and sachin is your god."

[1] "Unique elements of the said vector:"

6) Write a R program to create three vectors a,b,c with 3 integers. Combine the three vectors to
become a 3×3 matrix where each column represents a vector. Print the content of the matrix.

a<-c(1,2,3)

b<-c(4,5,6)

c<-c(7,8,9)

m<-cbind(a,b,c)

print("Content of the said matrix:")

print(m)

Output:

[1] "Content of the said matrix:"

abc

[1,] 1 4 7

[2,] 2 5 8

[3,] 3 6 9

7) Write a R program to create a 5 x 4 matrix , 3 x 3 matrix with labels and fill the matrix by rows and
2 × 2 matrix with labels and fill the matrix by columns.

m1 = matrix(1:20, nrow=5, ncol=4)

print("5 * 4 matrix:")

print(m1)

cells =c(1,3,5,7,8,9,11,12,14)

rnames =c("Row1", "Row2", "Row3")

cnames =c("Col1", "Col2", "Col3")

m2 = matrix(cells, nrow=3, ncol=3, byrow=TRUE,dimnames=list(rnames,cnames))

print("3 * 3 matrix with labels, filled by rows: ")

print(m2)

print("3 * 3 matrix with labels, filled by columns: ")

m3 = matrix(cells, nrow=3, ncol=3, byrow=FALSE,dimnames=list(rnames,cnames))

print(m3)

Output:

[1] "3 * 3 matrix with labels, filled by columns: "

Col1 Col2 Col3

Row1 1 7 11

Row2 3 8 12

Row3 5 9 14

8) Write a R program to combine three arrays so that the first row of the first array is followed by the
first row of the second array and then first row of the third array.

num1 = rbind(rep("A",3), rep("B",3), rep("C",3))

print("num1")

print(num1)

num2 = rbind(rep("P",3), rep("Q",3), rep("R",3))

print("num2")

print(num2)

num3 = rbind(rep("X",3), rep("Y",3), rep("Z",3))

print("num3")

print(num3)

a = matrix(t(cbind(num1,num2,num3)),ncol=3,byrow=T)

print("Combine three arrays, taking one row from each one by one:")

print(a)
Output:

[1] "Combine three arrays, taking one row from each one by one:"

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] "A" "A" "A"

[2,] "P" "P" "P"

[3,] "X" "X" "X"

[4,] "B" "B" "B"

[5,] "Q" "Q" "Q"

[6,] "Y" "Y" "Y"

[7,] "C" "C" "C"

[8,] "R" "R" "R"

[9,] "Z" "Z" "Z"

9) Write a R program to create a two-dimensional 5x3 array of sequence of even integers greater
than 50.

a <- array(seq(from = 50, length.out = 15, by = 2),c(5,3))

print("Content of the array:")

print("5*3 array of sequence of even integers greater than 50:")

print(a)

Output:

[1] "5*3 array of sequence of even integers greater than 50:"

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 50 60 70

[2,] 52 62 72

[3,] 54 64 74

[4,] 56 66 76

[5,] 58 68 78
10) Write a R program to create an array using four given columns, three given rows, and two given
tables and display the content of the array.

array1 = array(1:30,dim=c(3,4,2))

print(array1)

Output:

,,1

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]

[1,] 1 4 7 10

[2,] 2 5 8 11

[3,] 3 6 9 12

,,2

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]

[1,] 13 16 19 22

[2,] 14 17 20 23

[3,] 15 18 21 24

11) Write a R program to create an empty data frame.

df = data.frame(Ints=integer(),

Doubles=double(),

Characters=character(),

Logicals=logical(),

Factor=factor(),

stringsAsFactors=FALSE)

print("Structure of the empty dataframe:")

print(str(df))

print(df)
Output:

[1] "Structure of the empty dataframe:"

[1] Ints Doubles Characters Logicals Factor

<0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)

12) Write a R program to create a data frame from four given vectors.

name = c('Anastasia', 'Dima', 'Katherine', 'James', 'Emily', 'Michael', 'Matthew', 'Laura', 'Kevin',
'Jonas')

score = c(12.5, 9, 16.5, 12, 9, 20, 14.5, 13.5, 8, 19)

attempts = c(1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1)

qualify = c('yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'yes', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'yes')

print("Original data frame:")

print(name)

print(score)

print(attempts)

print(qualify)

df = data.frame(name, score, attempts, qualify)

print(df)

Output:

[1] "Original data frame:"

[1] "Anastasia" "Dima" "Katherine" "James" "Emily" "Michael"

[7] "Matthew" "Laura" "Kevin" "Jonas"

[1] 12.5 9.0 16.5 12.0 9.0 20.0 14.5 13.5 8.0 19.0

[1] 1 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 1

[1] "yes" "no" "yes" "no" "no" "yes" "yes" "no" "no" "yes"

name score attempts qualify

1 Anastasia 12.5 1 yes

2 Dima 9.0 3 no
3 Katherine 16.5 2 yes

4 James 12.0 3 no

5 Emily 9.0 2 no

6 Michael 20.0 3 yes

7 Matthew 14.5 1 yes

8 Laura 13.5 1 no

9 Kevin 8.0 2 no

10 Jonas 19.0 1 yes

13) Write a R program to create a data frame using two given vectors and display the duplicated
elements and unique rows of the said data frame.

a = c(10,20,10,10,40,50,20,30)

b = c(10,30,10,20,0,50,30,30)

print("Original data frame:")

ab = data.frame(a,b)

print(ab)

print("Duplicate elements of the said data frame:")

print(duplicated(ab))

print("Unique rows of the said data frame:")

print(unique(ab))

Output:

[1] "Duplicate elements of the said data frame:"

[1] FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE

[1] "Unique rows of the said data frame:"

a b

1 10 10

2 20 30

4 10 20

5 40 0
6 50 50

8 30 30

14) Write a R program to save the information of a data frame in a file and display the information of
the file.

exam_data = data.frame(

name = c('Anastasia', 'Dima', 'Katherine', 'James', 'Emily', 'Michael', 'Matthew', 'Laura', 'Kevin',
'Jonas'),

score = c(12.5, 9, 16.5, 12, 9, 20, 14.5, 13.5, 8, 19),

attempts = c(1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1),

qualify = c('yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'yes', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'yes')

print("Original dataframe:")

print(exam_data)

save(exam_data,file="data.rda")

load("data.rda")

file.info("data.rda")

Output:

[1] "Original dataframe:"

name score attempts qualify

1 Anastasia 12.5 1 yes

2 Dima 9.0 3 no

3 Katherine 16.5 2 yes

4 James 12.0 3 no

5 Emily 9.0 2 no

6 Michael 20.0 3 yes

7 Matthew 14.5 1 yes

8 Laura 13.5 1 no
9 Kevin 8.0 2 no

10 Jonas 19.0 1 yes

> save(exam_data,file="data.rda")

> load("data.rda")

> file.info("data.rda")

size isdir mode mtime ctime

data.rda 302 FALSE 666 2023-02-25 20:49:17 2023-02-25 20:49:17

atime exe

data.rda 2023-02-25 20:49:17 no

15) Write a R program to create a matrix from a list of given vectors.

l = list()

for (i in 1:5) l[[i]] <- c(i, 1:4)

print("List of vectors:")

print(l)

result = do.call(rbind, l)

print("New Matrix:")

print(result)

Output:

[1] "List of vectors:"

[[1]]

[1] 1 1 2 3 4

[[2]]

[1] 2 1 2 3 4

[[3]]

[1] 3 1 2 3 4
[[4]]

[1] 4 1 2 3 4

[[5]]

[1] 5 1 2 3 4

[1] "New Matrix:"

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]

[1,] 1 1 2 3 4

[2,] 2 1 2 3 4

[3,] 3 1 2 3 4

[4,] 4 1 2 3 4

[5,] 5 1 2 3 4

16) Write a R program to concatenate two given matrices of same column but different rows.

x = matrix(1:12, ncol=3)

y = matrix(13:24, ncol=3)

print("Matrix-1")

print(x)

print("Matrix-2")

print(y)

result = dim(rbind(x,y))

print("After concatenating two given matrices:")

print(result)

print("size of matrix after concatenation")

print(dim(rbind(x,y)))
Output:

[1] "Matrix-1"

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 1 5 9

[2,] 2 6 10

[3,] 3 7 11

[4,] 4 8 12

[1] "Matrix-2"

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 13 17 21

[2,] 14 18 22

[3,] 15 19 23

[4,] 16 20 24

[1] "After concatenating two given matrices:"

[1] 8 3

[1] "size of matrix after concatenation"

[1] 8 3

17) Write a R program to find row and column index of maximum and minimum value in a given
matrix.

m = matrix(c(1:16), nrow = 4, byrow = TRUE)

print("Original Matrix:")
print(m)
result = which(m == max(m), arr.ind=TRUE)
print("Row and column of maximum value of the said matrix:")
print(result)
result = which(m == min(m), arr.ind=TRUE)
print("Row and column of minimum value of the said matrix:")
print(result)

Output:

[1] "Original Matrix:"

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]

[1,] 1 2 3 4
[2,] 5 6 7 8

[3,] 9 10 11 12

[4,] 13 14 15 16

[1] "Row and column of maximum value of the said matrix:"

row col

[1,] 4 4

[1] "Row and column of minimum value of the said matrix:"

row col

[1,] 1 1

18) Write a R program to append value to a given empty vector.

vector = c()

values = c(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

for (i in 1:length(values))

vector[i] <- values[i]

print(vector)

Output:

[1] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

19) Write a R program to multiply two vectors of integers type and length 3.

x = c(10, 20, 30)

y = c(20, 10, 40)

print("Original Vectors:")

print(x)

print(y)

print("Product of two Vectors:")

z=x*y

print(z)
Output:

[1] "Original Vectors:"

[1] 10 20 30

[1] 20 10 40

[1] "Product of two Vectors:"

[1] 200 200 1200

20) Write a R program to find Sum, Mean and Product of a Vector, ignore element like NA or NaN.

x = c(10, NULL, 20, 30, NA)

print("Sum:")

#ignore NA and NaN values

print(sum(x, na.rm=TRUE))

print("Mean:")

print(mean(x, na.rm=TRUE))

print("Product:")

print(prod(x, na.rm=TRUE))

Output:

[1] "Sum:"

[1] 60

[1] "Mean:"

[1] 20

[1] "Product:"

[1] 6000

21) Write a R program to list containing a vector, a matrix and a list and give names to the elements
in the list.

list_data <- list(c("Red","Green","Black"), matrix(c(1,3,5,7,9,11), nrow = 2),

list("Python", "PHP", "Java"))
print("List:")
print(list_data)
names(list_data) = c("Color", "Odd numbers", "Language(s)")
print("List with column names:")
print(list_data)
print('1st element:')
print(list_data[1])
print('2nd element:')
print(list_data[2])

Output:

[1] "List with column names:"

$Color

[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

$`Odd numbers`

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 1 5 9

[2,] 3 7 11

$`Language(s)`

$`Language(s)`[[1]]

[1] "Python"

$`Language(s)`[[2]]

[1] "PHP"

$`Language(s)`[[3]]

[1] "Java"

[1] "1st element:"

$Color

[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

[1] "2nd element:"

$`Odd numbers`

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 1 5 9

[2,] 3 7 11
22) Write a R program to create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list and give names to the
elements in the list. Access the first and second element of the list.

list_data <-list(c("CSE","CSM","IT"),matrix(c(1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1),nrow=3),list("","PHP","Java"))

print("List:")

print(list_data)

names(list_data)=c("Color", "Odd numbers", "Language(s)")

print("List with column names:")

print(list_data)

print('1st element:')

print(list_data[1])

print('2nd element:')

print(list_data[2])

Output:

[1] "List:"

[[1]]

[1] "CSE" "CSM" "IT"

[[2]]

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 1 0 0

[2,] 0 1 0

[3,] 1 0 1

[[3]]

[[3]][[1]]

[1] ""

[[3]][[2]]

[1] "PHP"

[[3]][[3]]
[1] "Java"

[1] "List with column names:"

$Color

[1] "CSE" "CSM" "IT"

$`Odd numbers`

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 1 0 0

[2,] 0 1 0

[3,] 1 0 1

$`Language(s)`

$`Language(s)`[[1]]

[1] ""

$`Language(s)`[[2]]

[1] "PHP"

$`Language(s)`[[3]]

[1] "Java"

[1] "1st element:"

$Color

[1] "CSE" "CSM" "IT"

[1] "2nd element:"

$`Odd numbers`

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 1 0 0

[2,] 0 1 0

[3,] 1 0 1

23)Write a R program to create a list containing a vector,a matrix and a list and remove the second
element.
list_data <- list(c("Red","Green","Black"), matrix(c(1,3,5,7,9,11), nrow = 2),

list("Python", "PHP", "Java"))

print("List:")

print(list_data)

print("Remove the second element of the list:")

list_data[2] = NULL

print("New list:")

print(list_data)

Output:

[1] "List:"

[[1]]

[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

[[2]]

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 1 5 9

[2,] 3 7 11

[[3]]

[[3]][[1]]

[1] "Python"

[[3]][[2]]

[1] "PHP"

[[3]][[3]]

[1] "Java"

[1] "Remove the second element of the list:"

[1] "New list:"

[[1]]

[1] "Red" "Green" "Black"

[[2]]

[[2]][[1]]

[1] "Python"

[[2]][[2]]

[1] "PHP"

[[2]][[3]]

[1] "Java"

24)Write a R program to select element of a given nested list.

x = list(list(0,2), list(3,4), list(5,6))

print("Original nested list:")

print(x)

e = lapply(x, '[[', 2)

print("Second element of the nested list:")

print(e)

Output:

[1] "Original nested list:"

[[1]]

[[1]][[1]]

[1] 0

[[1]][[2]]

[1] 2

[[2]]

[[2]][[1]]

[1] 3

[[2]][[2]]

[1] 4
[[3]]

[[3]][[1]]

[1] 5

[[3]][[2]]

[1] 6

[1] "Second element of the nested list:"

[[1]]

[1] 2

[[2]]

[1] 4

[[3]]

[1] 6

25)Write a R program to merge two given lists into one list.

n1 = list(1,2,3)

c1 = list("Red", "Green", "Black")

print("Original lists:")

print(n1)

print(c1)

print("Merge the said lists:")

mlist = c(n1, c1)

print("New merged list:")

print(mlist)
Output:

[1] "Merge the said lists:"

[1] "New merged list:"

[[1]]

[1] 1

[[2]]

[1] 2

[[3]]

[1] 3

[[4]]

[1] "Red"

[[5]]

[1] "Green"

[[6]]

[1] "Black"

26) Write a R program to create a list named s containing sequence of 15 capital letters, starting
from ‘E’.

l = LETTERS[match("E", LETTERS):(match("E", LETTERS)+15)]

print("Content of the list:")

print("Sequence of 15 capital letters, starting from ‘E’-")

print(l)

Output:

[1] "Content of the list:"

[1] "Sequence of 15 capital letters, starting from ‘E’-"

[1] "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "O" "P" "Q" "R" "S" "T"

27) Write a R program to assign new names "a", "b" and "c" to the elements of a given list.

list1 = list(g1 = 1:10, g2 = "R Programming", g3 = "HTML")

print("Original list:")
print(list1)

names(list1) = c("one", "two", "three")

print("Assign new names 'one', 'two' and 'three' to the elements of the said list")

print(list1)

Output:

[1] "Original list:"

$g1

[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

$g2

[1] "R Programming"

$g3

[1] "HTML"

[1] "Assign new names 'one', 'two' and 'three' to the elements of the said list"

$one

[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

$two

[1] "R Programming"

$three

[1] "HTML"

28) Write a R program to find the levels of factors of a given vector.

v = c(1, 2, 3, 3, 4, NA, 3, 2, 4, 5, NA, 5)

print("Original vector:")

print(v)

print("Levels of factor of the said vector:")

print(levels(factor(v)))
Output:

[1]"Original vector:"

[1] 1 2 3 3 4 NA 3 2 4 5 NA 5

[1] "Levels of factor of the said vector:"

[1] "1" "2" "3" "4""5"

29.Write a R program to create an ordered factor from data consisting of the names of months.

mons_v = c("March","April","January","November","January",

"September","October","September","November","August","February",

"January","November","November","February","May","August","February",

"July","December","August","August","September","November","September",

"February","April")

print("Original vector:")

print(mons_v)

f = factor(mons_v)

print("Ordered factors of the said vector:")

print(f)

print(table(f))

Output:

[1] "Original vector:"[1] "March" "April" "January" "November" "January" "September"

[7] "October" "September" "November" "August" "February" "January"

[13] "November" "November" "February" "May" "August" "February"

[19] "July" "December" "August" "August" "September" "November"

[25] "September" "February" "April"

[1] "Ordered factors of the said vector:"

[1] March April January November January September October

[8] September November August February January November November

[15] February May August February July December August

[22] August September November September February April

11 Levels: April August December February January July March May ... September

April August December February January July March May

2 4 1 4 3 1 1 1

November October September

5 1 4

30.Write a R program to concate4nate two given factor in a single factor.

f1 <- factor(sample(LETTERS, size=6, replace=TRUE))

f2 <- factor(sample(LETTERS, size=6, replace=TRUE))

print("Original factors:")

print(f1)

print(f2)

f = factor(c(levels(f1)[f1], levels(f2)[f2]))

print("After concatenate factor becomes:")

print(f)

Output:

[1] "Original factors:"

[1] I U Z C P K

Levels: C I K P U Z

[1] G J C M N X

Levels: C G J M N X

[1] "After concatenate factor becomes:"

[1] I U Z C P K G J C M N X

Levels: C G I J K M N P U X Z