PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

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T.B.C. : FIAS-PTS25 Test Booklet Series
Serial No.

A
TEST BOOKLET
GENERAL STUDIES
Paper – 1

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 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.1) Consider the following statements based Q.4) In the context of Economy, which of the
on the 2011 Census: following best describes Claudia Goldin's U-
1. Mumbai is the most populous city in India. shaped curve?
2. Goa overtook Kerala in literacy rate. a) It depicts the structural changes in the
3. Kerala has the highest sex ratio in India. overall employment level of an economy
Which of the above statements are correct? with an increasing economic growth rate.
a) 1 and 2 only b) It represents the level of impact of
b) 2 and 3 only educational level of people over the wage
c) 1 and 3 only growth in the different sectors.
d) 1, 2, and 3 c) It describes the relationship between
female labour force participation (FLFP)
Q.2) Consider the following pairs: and level of economic development in an
Reports Released by economy.
1. School Education NITI Ayog d) It explains the correlation between
Quality Index technological advancement and
(SEQI) employment opportunities in an economy.
2. State of the UNICEF
Education Report Q.5) With reference to an economy, Kuznets
for India curve establishes relationship between:
3. Annual Status of Pratham (NGO) a) Tax rates and tax revenue of government.
Education Report b) Economy growth and degree of income
(ASER) inequality.
4. All India Survey on Ministry of c) Inflation and Unemployment rates.
Higher Education Education d) Household income and expenditure
(AISHE) pattern.
How many of the above pairs are correctly
matched? Q.6) With reference to the Aspirational Blocks
a) Only one Programme (ABP) in India, consider the
b) Only two following statements:
c) Only three 1. All blocks chosen under the programme are
d) All four exclusively from aspirational districts.
2. NITI Aayog is the nodal agency for the
Q.3) With reference to the concept of implementation of the program.
“Universal Basic Income (UBI)”, consider the 3. Agriculture and allied services are included
following statements: as one of the themes in this programme.
1. One of the goals of a UBI program is to help Which of the statements given above is/are
people meet their basic needs and alleviate correct?
poverty. a) 1 and 2 only
2. The recipients generally do not need to b) 2 only
work or meet other conditions to receive c) 2 and 3 only
the payments under a UBI program. d) 1 and 3 only
3. India is the first democratic country in
world to implement a UBI programme.
How many of the statements given above are
correct?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

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 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.7) The term ‘Population momentum’ is 4. They provide short-term relief to the rural
sometimes used in the context of population economy.
growth in a country. What does it mean? Which of the statements given above is/are
a) Increase in population growth due to an correct?
increase in the fertility rate of women. a) 1 and 2 only
b) Increase in population growth due to a b) 2 and 3 only
large population of women of reproductive c) 2 and 4 only
age. d) 4 only
c) Increase in population growth due to
steeper increase in crude birth rate as Q.10) Consider the following statements with
compared to increase in crude death rate. reference to the National Family Health
d) Increase in population growth due to lower Survey-5 (NFHS-5):
fertility rate and lower mortality rate. 1. Gender-related violence has decreased in
all the states in the last five years.
Q.8) Globalization has diverse impacts on 2. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of India has
income inequality across different regions of increased as compared to NFHS-4.
the world. In this context, consider which one 3. The use of contraceptive methods is lowest
of the following statements is incorrect? in Odisha.
a) Technological progress has had a more How many of the above statements are
significant impact on rising income correct?
inequality within countries than a) Only one
globalization itself. b) Only two
b) While trade globalization is generally c) All three
associated with reducing income d) None
inequality, financial globalization,
particularly through foreign direct Q.11) A population trap described as the
investment (FDI), tends to increase combination of high fertility and declining
inequality. mortality in developing countries, resulting in
c) Globalization often benefits higher-income a period of high population growth rate can
and more skilled segments of the often lead to several economic consequences.
population more than lower-income In that context, consider the following:
groups. 1. Decline in agricultural productivity due to
d) In advanced economies, imports from overuse of land and resources.
developing countries have increased 2. High dependency ratio increasing the
inequality by replacing high-paying burden on government welfare programs.
manufacturing jobs with lower-paying 3. Stagnation or decline in Gross Domestic
service sector jobs. Product (GDP) per capita.
Which of the above are likely consequences of
Q.9) Consider the following statements with population trap?
regards to impacts of farm loan waivers in a) 1 and 2 only
India: b) 1 and 3 only
1. They improve the financial health of the c) 2 and 3 only
banking sector. d) 1, 2 and 3
2. They incentivize efficient farming
practices, thereby enhancing agricultural
productivity.
3. They contribute to fiscal discipline by
reducing government expenditure.

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 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.12) Arrange the following states in India from Statement II: Since 1981, India’s Total Fertility
based on their population from high to low as Rate (TFR) has reduced by more than half by
per the Population Census of 2011: 2011.
1. Maharashtra Which one of the following is correct in
2. Tamil Nadu respect of the above statements?
3. West Bengal a) Both Statement-I and statement II are
4. Kerala correct and Statement-II explains
5. Rajasthan Statement-I
Select the correct answer using the codes b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
given below: correct, but Statement-II does not explain
a) 1-2-4-5-3 Statement-I
b) 3-1-2-5-4 c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is
c) 1-3-2-5-4 incorrect
d) 3-2-1-5-4 d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II
is correct
Q.13) Consider the following statements about
population in India as per census 2011: Q.16) Which of the following statements is
1. Uttar Pradesh accounts for more than 20% correct with reference to various terms
of India’s population. related to demography?
2. Rajasthan is also most sparsely populated a) Birth Rate is defined as the number of live
state in India. births per thousand women in a given year.
3. Bihar has the highest population density b) Maternal Mortality Ratio refers to the
among all Indian states. number of maternal deaths in a given year
Which of the statements given above is/are per 100,000 live births.
correct? c) Infant Mortality Rate is the number of
a) 1 only deaths of children under 5 years of age per
b) 1 and 2 only one thousand live births.
c) 2 and 3 only d) The Crude Death Rate is defined as the
d) 3 only total number of deaths occurring in a year
within a geographical region.
Q.14) Consider the following statements about
distribution of Population in India: Q.17) With reference to the present level of
Statement-I: The Northern Plains are fertility rates in India, consider the following
characterized by high population densities statements:
among other regions in India. Statement -I: Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of India
Statement-II: The Northern Plains are known has fallen below the Replacement Level
for their fertile soil and intensive agricultural Fertility.
practices. Statement -II: According to the National
Which one of the following is correct in Family Health Survey-5, the Total Fertility Rate
respect of the above statements? at the national level is 2.0.
a) Both Statement-I and statement II are Which one of the following is correct in
correct and Statement-II explains respect of the statements given above?
Statement-I. a) Both statement -I and statement -II are
b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and statement -II is the correct
correct, but Statement-II does not explain explanation for statement -I.
Statement-I. b) Both statement -I and statement -II are
c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is correct and statement -II is not the correct
incorrect. explanation for statement -I.
d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II c) Statement -I is correct but statement -II is
is correct. incorrect.
d) Statement -I is incorrect but statement -II
Q.15) Consider the following statements: is correct.
Statement I: Since 1981, India has experienced
a gradual decline in its population growth rate.

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 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.18) Which of the following State in India is c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
home to the highest number of migrants from incorrect.
other states of India as per Census 2011? d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is
a) Tamil Nadu correct.
b) Maharashtra
c) Uttar Pradesh Q.22) Consider the following statements with
d) Kerala regards to the Democratic Transition Theory:
1. The demographic transition process is
Q.19) With reference to the trends in migration uniform and occurs similarly across all
within India as per the Migration in India countries, regardless of their economic or
Report 2020-21, consider the following social context.
statements: 2. The second stage of the theory is
1. The Migration Rate is higher among Males characterized by a rapid decline in death
than Females, in both rural and urban rates due to improvements in healthcare
areas. and sanitation.
2. Intra-state migration is more prevalent 3. The fourth stage of the theory is marked by
than inter-state migration in India. a population decline due to a significant
3. Rural to Urban migration is the most drop in birth rates below replacement level.
dominant form of internal migration. Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statement given above is/are correct?
correct? a) 1 and 2 only
a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 only c) 2 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.23) India is currently undergoing a
Q.20) The Global Risk Report is published by demographic transition. According to the
the- Democratic Transition Theory, which stage of
a) International Monetary Fund. population growth is India primarily in?
b) World Meteorological Organization. a) High birth and death rates
c) World Economic Forum. b) Declining death rates, high birth rates
d) World Bank. c) Declining birth and death rates
d) Low birth and death rates
Q.21) Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: As the growing number of people Q.24) The ‘demographic dividend’ refers to a
compete for limited resources, the Malthusian period when:
theory suggests that unchecked population a) A country experiences a rapid increase in
growth leads to poverty and degradation of population, leading to a higher dependency
the quality of life. ratio.
Statement-II: The Malthusian theory states b) A country faces a challenge due to the
that while the population increases in disproportionately large young population.
geometric proportion, the production of food c) A country benefits from the relatively large
grows in arithmetic proportion. working-age population compared to the
Which one of the following is correct with dependent population.
respect to the above statements? d) A country's population is evenly distributed
a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are across different age groups.
correct and Statement-II is the correct
explanation of Statement-I.
b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
correct and Statement-II is not the correct
explanation of Statement-I.

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 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.25) Which of the following organization Which one of the following is correct in
publishes the ‘World Population Prospects’ respect of the above statements?
Report? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
a) United Nations correct and Statement-II is the correct
b) World Economic Forum explanation of Statement-I.
c) World Bank b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
d) International Monetary Fund correct and Statement-II is not the correct
explanation of Statement-I.
Q.26) With reference to Economic Survey of c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
India, consider the following statements: incorrect.
1. It is presented by Finance minister along d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is
with annual Budget in the Parliament of correct.
India.
2. It is prepared by the Economic Division of Q.29) With reference to Census 2011, consider
the Department of Economic Affairs, the following statements about Scheduled
Ministry of Finance. Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs)
Which of the statements given above is/are population in India:
correct? 1. The Literacy Rate for SCs female is lower
a) 1 only than the female of STs.
b) 2 only 2. Child Sex Ratio among SCs is lower than
c) Both 1 and 2 STs.
d) Neither 1 nor 2 3. The Female Work Participation Rate is
lower among SCs than STs.
Q.27) In the context of the Indian economy, 4. The Decadal Population Growth Rate of
which of the following trends are valid in the SCs during 2001-2011 is lower than the STs.
post-pandemic period after 2019-2020? How many of the above statements are
1. India’s GDP growth rate is steadily correct?
increasing. a) Only one
2. Even though service sector faced b) Only two
fluctuations in growth rate, agriculture c) Only three
grew consistently. d) All four
3. The fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP
has been steadily decreasing. Q.30) Consider the following reports/indices
Select the correct answer using the code given published in India:
below: 1. Annual Estimate of Gross Domestic
a) 1 and 2 only Product (GDP)
b) 2 and 3 only 2. Periodic Labour Force Survey
c) 1 and 3 only 3. National multi-dimensional poverty Index
d) 1,2 and 3 4. Household consumption expenditure
survey
Q.28) Consider the following statements: Which of the above given indices are released
Statement I: In 2023-2024, despite a global by Ministry of Statistics and Programme
economic slowdown compared to the previous Implementation (MoSPI)?
year, India sustained a steady growth rate. a) 1, 2 and 3 only

Statement II: India experienced stable b) 1 and 4 only

c) 1 ,2 and 4 only
consumption demand and steadily improving
d) 2 and 3 only
investment demand in 2023-24.

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[6]
 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.31) Consider the following statements Q.34) Consider the following statements about
regarding the employment trends in India microfinance in India:
according to Annual Periodic Labour Force 1. Microfinance refers to providing financial
Survey (PLFS) 2022-23: services including small-value loans to
1. The all-India annual unemployment rate for households, small businesses, and
persons aged 15 years and above as per
entrepreneurs who lack access to formal
usual status has been declining since the
banking services.
COVID-19 pandemic.
2. The Indian microfinance sector is globally
2. The percentage of casual labour in the total
workforce, comprising of all casual labour, largest in terms of the number of
self-employed and regular wage workers, in borrowing customers.
India has been rising since the COVID-19 3. Microfinance institutions in India are
pandemic. regulated by the Reserve Bank of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the statements given above are
correct? correct?
a) Only 1 a) 1 and 2 only
b) Only 2 b) 1 and 3 only
c) Both 1 and 2
c) 2 and 3 only
d) Neither 1 nor 2
d) 1, 2, and 3

Q.32) Consider the following statements

regarding Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Q.35) Consider the following statements
India: regarding the National Population Register
1. Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) are defined (NPR) and the National Register of Citizens
as loans or advances for which the principal (NRC):
or interest payment remained overdue for 1. Unlike NPR, NRC database would contain
a period of 90 days. both demographic as well as biometric
2. Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) ratio particulars.
of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) has 2. Unlike NPR, NRC data would be used for
been on a continuous decline in past 5
identifying the beneficiaries of Government
years.
subsidies.
Which of the statements given above is/are
3. While NPR was prepared immediately after
correct?
independence, NRC was first prepared in
a) 1 only
b) 2 only 2010.
c) Both 1 and 2 How many of the above statements are correct
d) Neither 1 nor 2 with reference to the difference between
National Population Register (NPR) and
Q.33) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has been National Register of Citizens (NRC)?
collaborating bilaterally with various countries a) Only one
to improve India’s Digital Payment ecosystem. b) Only two
In this context, Project Nexus was recently c) All three
joined by RBI to? d) None
a) Promote financial inclusion in rural areas.
b) Enable instant cross-border retail
payments.
c) Strengthen banking regulations in the
country.
d) Digital currency development.

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 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.36) Consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are
1. The period from 1901-1921 is referred to as correct?
the period of steady population growth of a) 1 and 2 only
India’s population. b) 2 and 3 only
2. Sharp decline in the mortality rate and a c) 3 only
high fertility rate led to the population d) 1, 2, and 3
explosion in India during 1951-1981.
3. As per Census 2011, more than 60% of Q.39) Consider the following international
Indian population belongs to 15-64 age initiatives to address climate change:
group reflecting potential demographic 1. One World, One Sun, One Grid (OSOWOG)
dividend. 2. Leadership Group for Industry Transition
How many of the statements given above are (Lead IT)
correct? 3. Coalition for Disaster Resilient
a) Only one Infrastructure (CDRI)
b) Only two Which of the initiatives given above were
c) All three launched by India?
d) None a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2, and 3
Q.37) Consider the following statements: c) 1 and 3 only
1. Defence exports of India has seen a d) 2 and 3 only
declining trend in past ten years.
2. In past ten years India’s import of toys has Q.40) NISHTHA, world's largest programme of
consistently exceeded its export of toys to its kind launched by Government of India, is a:
other countries. a) training program for school teachers in the
3. In terms of its value, the domestic country
production of smartphones in India has b) health insurance scheme for rural areas of
been increasing steadily in past ten years. the country
Which of the statements given above is/are c) government initiative for women's safety in
correct? the country
a) 1 only d) skill development program for youth of the
b) 1 and 3 only country
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3 Q.41) With reference to population dynamics,
consider the following statements:
Q.38) Consider the following statements 1. A population pyramid is a graphical
regarding the Institutional framework of the representation of the age and sex
Carbon Market in India: composition of a specific population.
1. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is 2. India’s population pyramid is top heavy in
the administrator for the Carbon Credit shape.
Trading Scheme (CCTS) in India. 3. India’s dependency ratio has been
2. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission decreasing since the last decade.
(CERC) is the regulator for trading activities How many of the above-given statements are
under the Indian Carbon Market (ICM) and correct?
is empowered to take necessary corrective a) Only one
actions to prevent any fraud. b) Only two
3. The Grid Controller of India Limited (GCIL) c) All three
is operator of India Carbon Market (ICM) d) None
registry and keep accounts of various types
of carbon credits issued against each
entity.

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 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.42) In the context of poverty estimation in Which of the statements given above is/are
India, which of the following were the correct?
recommendations of the Tendulkar a) 1 only
Committee? b) 2 only
1. Adoption of calorie consumption-based c) Both 1 and 2
poverty estimation. d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. A uniform poverty line basket (PLB) across
rural and urban India. Q.45) Which of the following statements is
3. Incorporation of private expenditure on correct with reference to the Inequality-
health and education while estimating adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)?
poverty. 1. This Index is published by the UNDP.
4. Using Mixed Reference Period based 2. It is calculated using three dimensions i.e.
estimates. civil rights, wealth distribution and
Select the correct answer using the code given wellness.
below: 3. This index serves as the foundation of the
a) 1, 2 and 3 only Oxfam Inequality Index.
b) 2, 3 and 4 only Select the correct answer using the code given
c) 1, 3 and 4 only below:
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
Q.43) With reference to Urbanisation in India c) 1 and 2 only
as per Census 2011, consider the following d) 1, 2 and 3
statements:
1. Presently, more than half of India’s Q.46) Why women compared to men have a
population lives in Urban areas. higher incidence of poverty in India?
2. The proportion of the urban population in 1. The income disparity between men and
the total population is highest in women
Maharashtra. 2. Women are increasingly employed in the
3. The level of urbanization in India is lowest unorganized sector
among the BRICS economies. 3. Discrimination against women in the
Which of the statements given above is/are inheritance of land and property.
correct? Select the correct answer using the codes
a) 1 and 2 only given below:
b) 3 only a) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only b) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.44) With reference to India’s decadal
population growth rate, consider the following Q.47) Higher economic growth would
statements: necessarily lead to which of the following?
1. Since Independence, the sharpest decline 1. Reduction in inequality
in decadal growth rate in India was during 2. Reduction in poverty
2001-2011. 3. Reduction in unemployment
2. Nagaland has the lowest state-wise decadal Which of the above statements is/are correct?
growth rate in India. a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) None of the Above

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 PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211130 |

Q.48) Consider the following statements with

reference to the Sample Registration System
in India:
1. The Sample Registration System is trial
based small-scale demographic survey in
selected areas.
2. It provides the annual estimates of
indicators like Infant mortality rate, birth
rate and death rate.
Which of the above-given statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q.49) As per Census 2011, arrange the following

states in increasing order of their level of
population density:
1. Kerala
2. Uttar Pradesh
3. Haryana
4. Tamil Nadu
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
a) 3-2-4-1
b) 4-3-1-2
c) 3-4-2-1
d) 4-3-2-1

Q.50) Which among the following would be

considered as a challenge in reaping the
benefits of a Demographic Dividend?
1. Asymmetric demography
2. Low Human Development
3. Informal Economy
4. Low public spending on health
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

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