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Structures Session 4

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3 views3 pages

Structures Session 4

Uploaded by

Deepika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem Solving and Programming with C GITAM

STRUCTURES
Definition, Declaration, accessing structures, initialization, operations on structures, structures containing
arrays, structures containing pointers, nested structures, self-referential structures, arrays of structures,
structures and functions, structures and pointers.

Array of Structures
✓ In array of structures, the variable of structure is array .
✓ In our sample program, to store details of 100 students we would be required to use 100 different
structure variables from s1 to s100,which is definitely not very convenient. A better approach would
be to use an array of structures.
Syntax for declaring structure array

struct struct-name
{
datatype var1;
datatype var2;
datatype varN;
};
struct struct-name structure_variable [ size ];

Sample Program:
Define a structure for student which include roll number ,name,age and marks . Write a program to
read and display the information of ‘n’ number of students where n is value supplied by user.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[10];
int marks,age;
};
void main()
{
struct student s[10];//Declares array of 10 student.
int i,n;
printf("\n enter number of students: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
//reading values for s3 using standard input function.
printf("\n enter rno,name ,marks,age of student %d: ",i+1);
scanf("%d%s%d%d",&s[i].rno,s[i].name,&s[i].marks,&s[i].age);

1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Problem Solving and Programming with C GITAM
}
printf("\n\n");
printf("Details of students are :\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n Details of student %d:\n",i+1); printf("\n
roll number: %d",s[i].rno); printf("\n name
:%s",s[i].name);
printf("\n marks: %d",s[i].marks);
printf("\n age: %d",s[i].age);
}
}
Output:
enter number of students :3
enter rno,name,marks,age of student 1:
2
Gandhi
89
18

enter rno,name,marks,age of student 2:


5
Raj
76
18

enter rno,name,marks,age of student 3:


6
Ram
86
18

Details of student 1:
roll number: 2
name :Gandhi
marks :89
age: 18

Details of student 2:
roll number: 5
name :Raj
marks :76
age: 18

Details of student 3:
roll number: 6
name :Ram
marks :86
age: 18

2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Problem Solving and Programming with C GITAM
✓ In the above program the memory allocated for structure variable is 160 bytes consecutively in which
first 16 bytes for 1st student 1(s[0]),next 16 bytes for 2nd student 2(s[1]) and so on last 16 bytes for 10
th
student (s[9]).
✓ The following figure shows the memory allocation for array of structures.
16bytes 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

s[0] s[1] s[2] s[3] s[4] s[5] s[6] s[7] s[8] s[9]

✓ Again, in each 16 bytes (2 bytes-roll number,10 bytes-name,2 bytes-marks,2 bytes-age).

Self Referential Structures:


✓ Self Referential structures are those structures that have one or more pointers which point to the
same type of structure, as their member.
✓ In other words, structures pointing to the same type of structures are self-referential in nature.
Syntax:
struct node
{
data_type variable_list;
struct node* pointer_variable;
};
Example:
//Program for Self Referential Structures Demo.
#include <stdio.h>

struct node
{
int data;
struct node *link;
};
int main()
{
struct node n1,n2;

n1.data=10;
n1.link=NULL;

n2.data=20;
n2.link=NULL;

n1.link=&n2;

printf("N2 data is : %d\n",n2.data);


printf("N2 data using N1: %d\n",n1.link->data);

return 0;
}

3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering

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