Solid State

BRIJESH JINDAL ( BJ SIR )

• No. 1 Physical Chemistry educator on Unacademy.
• BTech (Computer Science) MNIT Jaipur
• 15 year experience of IIT JEE in Physical Chemistry
• Mentor of many top rankers including AIR-1
• Ex. Senior Faculty of Vibrant Academy, Kota, Allen Career Institute, Kota and Bansal
Classes, Kota
 SOLID STATE

EXERCISE-1 (Subjective Questions)

Edge length and radius calculation of elements

s ir
Q.1
ir J
Xenon crystallises in the face-centred cubic lattice and the edge of the unit cell is
s B
J
620 pm. What is the nearest neighbour distance and what is the radius of xenon atom?

B b y
Q.2
b y PC
Iron has body centered cubic lattice structure. The edge length of the unit cell is found to be 286 pm.

PC
What is the radius of an iron atom?

Q.3 A closed packed structure of uniform spheres has the edge length of 534 pm. Calculate the radius of
sphere, if it exist in
(a) simple cubic lattice (b) BCC lattice (c) FCC lattice

ir
Density calculation of elements

si r s
Q.4 Calculate the density of diamond from the fact that it has face centered cubic structure with two atoms

J
per lattice point and unit cell edge length of 3.569 Å.
B J
y B b y
Q.5
bAn element crystallizes into a structure which may be described by a cubic type of unit cell having one

C PC
atom on each corner of the cube and two atoms on one of its body diagonals. If the volume of this unit
P cell is 24×10–24 cm3 and density of element is 7.2 g cm–3, calculate the number of atoms present in
200 g of element.

Q.6 Gold crystallizes in a face centered cubic lattice. If the length of the edge of the unit cell is 407 pm,
calculate the density of gold as well as its atomic radius assuming it to be spherical. Atomic mass of
gold = 197 amu.

s ir ir
Q.7
J s
An element crystallizes in a structure having FCC unit cell of an edge 200 pm. Calculate the density, if
B
200 g of this element contains 24×1023 atoms.
J
b y y B
PC
Q.8
b
The effective radius of the iron atom is 1.42 Å. It has FCC structure. Calculate its density

PC
(Fe = 56 amu)

Q.9 Iron occurs as bcc as well as fcc unit cell. If the effective radius of an atom of iron is 124 pm. Compute
the density of iron in both these structures.

Q.10 An element A (Atomic weight = 100) having bcc structure has unit cell edge length 400 pm. Calculate the
density of A and number of unit cells and number of atoms in 10 gm of A.

s ir
Silver has an atomic radius of 144 pm and the density of silver is 10.6 g cm–3. To which type of cubic
J
Q.11

B
crystal, silver belongs?
y s ir
b J
PC B
Formula of compound from unit cell description
Q.12
y
A cubic solid is made up of two elements A and B. Atoms B are at the corners of the cube and A at the
body centre. What is the formula of compound. b
Q.13 PC
A compound alloy of gold and copper crystallizes in a cubic lattice in which gold occupy that lattice point
at corners of the cube and copper atom occupy the centres of each of the cube faces. What is the
formula of this compound. Page # 1
 SOLID STATE
Q.14 A cubic solid is made by atoms A forming close pack arrangement, B occupying one fourth of tetrahedral
void and C occupying half of the octahedral voids. What is the formula of compound.

Q.15
ir
What is the percent by mass of titanium in rutile, a mineral that contain Titanium and oxygen, if structure
s
ir J
can be described as a closest packed array of oxide ions, with titanium in one half of the octahedral
s
holes. What is the oxidation number of titanium?
J B
B b y
Q.16
b y
Spinel is an important class of oxides consisting of two types of metal ions with the oxide ions arranged

PC
in CCP pattern. The normal spinel has one-eight of the tetrahedral holes occupied by one type of metal

PC
ion and one half of the octahedral hole occupied by another type of metal ion. Such a spinel is formed by
Zn2+, Al3+ and O2–, with Zn2+ in the tetrahedral holes. Give the formulae of spinel.

Q.17 In a cubic closed packed structure of mixed oxides the lattice is made up of oxide ions, one eighth of
tetrahedral voids are occupied by divalent ions (A2+) while one half of the octahedral voids occupied
trivalent ions (B3+). What is the formula of the oxide?

si r s
Crystal structure of ionic compound [Radius ratio, Edge length & density calculations] ir
Q.18
J J
KF crystallizes in the NaCl type structure. If the radius of K+ ions 132 pm and that of F– ion is 135 pm,
B
B y
what is the shortest K–F distance? What is the edge length of the unit cell? What is the closet K–K
y b
b distance?

P
Q.19C PC
Unit cell edge length of CsCl arrangement is 400 pm. Calculate the interionic distance in CsCl.

Q.20 A crystal of lead(II) sulphide has NaCl structure. In this crystal the shortest distance between Pb+2 ion
and S2– ion is 297 pm. What is the length of the edge of the unit cell in lead sulphide? Also calculate the
unit cell volume.

ir
Q.21 If the length of the body diagonal for CsCl which crystallises into a cubic structure with Cl– ions at the

J s
the radii of Cl– ion? s ir
corners and Cs+ ions at the centre of the unit cells is 7 Å and the radius of the Cs+ ion is 1.69 Å, what is

y B B J
Q.22
b y
In Cesium chloride structure Cesium and chloride ions are in contact along the body diagonal of the unit
b
PC
cell. The length of the side of the unit cell is 412 pm and Cl– ion has a radius of 181 pm. Calculate the

Q.23
radius of Cs+ ion.
PC
A solid A+ and B– had NaCl type closed packed structure. If the anion has a radius of 250 pm, what
should be the ideal radius of the cation? Can a cation C+ having a radius of 180 pm be slipped into the
tetrahedral site of the crystal of A+B– ? Give reasons for your answer.

Q.24 If the radius of Mg2+ ion, Cs+ ion, O2– ion, S2– ion and Cl– ion are 0.65 Å , 1.69 Å, 1.40 Å, 1.84 Å, and

ir
1.81 Å respectively. Calculate the co-ordination numbers of the cations in the crystals of MgS, MgO
and CsCl.
J s
Q.25
B
Prove that the void space percentage in zinc blende structure is 25%.
y s ir
b rZn 2
J
PC B
[Assume :  0.225 ]
rS2 
b y
PC
Q.26 KF has NaCl type structure. What is the distance between K+ and F– in KF if density of KF is 2.48 gm/
cm3.

Q.27 Rbl crystallizes in cubic structure in which each Rb+ is surrounded by eight iodide ions each of radius
2.17 Å. Find the length of one side of RbI unit cell. Page # 2
 SOLID STATE
Q.28 + –
The two ions A and B have radii 88 and 200 pm respectively. In the closed packed crystal of compound
AB, predict the co-ordination number of A+.

Q.29
s ir
The density of KBr is 2.75 g cm–3 . The length of the edge of the unit cell is 654 pm. Show that KBr has

ir
face centered cubic structure.
s B J
B J
(N = 6.023 ×1023 mol–1 , At. mass : K = 39, Br = 80)

b y
b y PC
r 
Na 0.5
r 
Na 0.7

PC
Q.30 KCl crystallizes in the same type of lattice as does NaCl. Given that and Calculate:
rCl  rK 
(a) The ratio of the sides of unit cell for KCl to that for NaCl and
(b) The ratio of densities of NaCl to that for KCl.

Q.31 A unit cell of sodium chloride has four formula units. The edge of length of the unit cell is 0.564 nm.
What is the density of sodium chloride.

si r s ir
Q.32
J B J
In a cubic crystal of CsCl (density = 3.97 gm/cm3) the eight corners are occupied by Cl– ions with Cs+

y B
ions at the centre. Calculate the distance between the neighbouring Cs+ and Cl– ions.

b y
b
PC
Q.33 A compound AB crystallizes in rock salt structure. The ionic radius of A+ and B¯ are 60 pm and

P C 100 pm respectively and if atomic masses of A and B are 200 & 120 respectively then calculate the
x
value of x if density of the crystal = gm/cm3.
3. 2

Q.34 Calculate the value of Avogadro’s number from the following data:

ir
Density of NaCl = 2.165 gm cm–3

s
Distance between Na+ and Cl– in NaCl = 281 pm.
J s ir
yB Defect in solid crystals
B J
Cb y
Q.35 The composition of a sample of iron oxide is Fe0.93O1.0. What percentage of iron is present in the form of

P b
PC
Fe(III)?

Q.36 If NaCl is doped with 10–3 mol % SrCl2, what is the numbers of cation vacancies?

Q.37 A metal 'M' having atomic mass 31.25 crystallizes in cubic close packing and it shows "Schottky defects".
If the edge length of the cubic lattice is 500 pm and density of the metal is 1.6075 gm/ml then calculate
number of moles of metal atom 'M' missing per litre of the crystal.
Given : 1amu = 1.67 × 10–24 gm

s ir
Q.38
J
Calculate the average total number of ions in sphalerite structure per unit cell if there is a Shottky defect
B
of (1) anion per unit cell.

b y s ir
J
PC B
Q.39 Calcium crystallises in face-centred cubic unit cell with a = 0.556 nm. Calculate density if
(i) it contained 0.1 % Frenkel defect.
b y
PC
(ii) it contained 0.1 % Schottky defect.

Q.40 AgCl has the same structure as that of NaCl. The edge length of unit cell of AgCl is found to be 555 pm
and the density of AgCl is 5.561 g cm–3. Find the percentage of sites that are unoccupied.
Page # 3
 SOLID STATE

EXERCISE-2 (Objective Questions)

[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.1
ir
A solid has a structure in which W atoms are located at the corners of a cubic lattice, O atom at the
s
(A) NaWO2 ir (B) NaWO3 (C) Na2WO3
B
(D) NaWO4 J
centre of the edges and Na atom at centre of the cubic. The formula for the compound is
s
B J b y
Q.2
b y
The density of CaF2
PC
(fluorite structure) is 3.18 g/cm3. The length of the side of the unit cell is

PC
(A) 253 pm (B) 344 pm (C) 546 pm (D) 273 pm

Q.3 Which of the following statements is correct in the rock-salt structure of an ionic compounds?
(A) coordination number of cation is four whereas that of anion is six.
(B) coordination number of cation is six whereas that of anion is four.
(C) coordination number of each cation and anion is four.
(D) coordination number of each cation and anion is six.

si r s ir
Q.4
J J
The coordination number of cation and anion in Fluorite CaF2 and CsCl are respectively
B
y B
(A) 8:4 and 6:3 (B) 6:3 and 4:4 (C) 8:4 and 8:8
y
(D) 4:2 and 2:4
b
b
C PC
Q.5 The interstitial hole is called tetrahedral because
P (A) It is formed by four spheres.
(B) Partly same and partly different.
(C) It is formed by four spheres the centres of which form a regular tetrahedron.
(D) None of the above three.

Q.6 The tetrahedral voids formed by ccp arrangement of Cl– ions in rock salt structure are

s ir
(A) Occupied by Na+ ions (B) Occupied by Cl– ions
ir
J s
+ –
(C) Occupied by either Na or Cl ions (D) Vacant

y B B J
Q.7
b y
The number of nearest neighbours around each particle in a face-centred cubic lattice is
b
PC
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12

Q.8 PC
If the anions (A) form hexagonal closest packing and cations (C) occupy only 2/3 octahedral voids in it,
then the general formula of the compound is
(A) CA (B) CA2 (C) C2A3 (D) C3A2

Q.9 A solid is formed and it has three types of atoms X, Y, Z. X forms a FCC lattice with Y atoms occupying
all the tetrahedral voids and Z atoms occupying half the octahedral voids. The formula of the solid is:
(A) X2Y4Z
s ir (B) XY2Z4 (C) X4Y2Z (D) X4YZ2

B J
ir
Q.10 The intermetallic compound LiAg crystallizes in cubic lattice in which both lithium and silver have
y
coordination number of eight. The crystal class is
b J s
PC
(A) Simple cubic (B) End centred cubic
(C) Face centred cubic
y
(D) Hexagonal closed packB
b
Q.11

(A) 127.5 pm (B) 190.68 pm (C) 225 pm

PC
A compound XY crystallizes in simple cubic lattice with unit cell edge length of 480 pm. If the radius of
Y– is 225 pm, then the radius of X+ is
(D) 255 pm
Page # 4
 SOLID STATE
Q.12 The mass of a unit cell of CsCl corresponds to
(A) 1 Cs+ and 1 Cl– (B) 1 Cs+ and 6 Cl– (C) 4 Cs+ and 4 Cl– (D) 8 Cs+ and 1 Cl–

Q.13
s ir
In the closest packing of atoms A (radius : ra), the radius of atom B that can be fitted

ir
into tetrahedral voids is
s B J
(A) 0.155 ra

B J (B) 0.225 ra (C) 0.414 ra

b y
(D) 0.732 ra

Q.14
b y PC
Which one of the following schemes of ordering closed packed sheets of equal sized spheres do not

PC
generate close packed lattice.
(A) ABCABC (B) ABACABAC (C) ABBAABBA (D) ABCBCABCBC

Q.15 An ionic compound AB has ZnS type structure. If the radius A+ is 22.5 pm, then the ideal radius of B–
would be
(A) 54.35 pm (B) 100 pm (C) 145.16 pm (D) none of these

Q.16
si r s ir
NH4Cl crystallizes in a simple cubic type lattice with a unit cell edge length of 387 pm. The distance

J
between the oppositively charged ions in the lattice is
B J
y B
(A) 335.1 pm (B) 83.77 pm (C) 274.46 pm
b y (D) 137.23 pm

b
PC
Q.17 In diamond, carbon atom occupy FCC lattice points as well as alternate tetrahedral voids. If edge length

P C of the unit cell is 356 pm, then radius of carbon atom is

(A) 77.07 pm (B) 154.14 pm (C) 251.7 pm (D) 89 pm

Q.18 Which of the following will show schottky defect

(A) CaF2 (B) ZnS (C) AgCl (D) CsCl
Q.19 Copper metal crystallizes in FCC lattice. Edge length of unit cell is 362 pm. The radius of largest atom

s ir
that can fit into the voids of copper lattice without disturbing it.
ir
(A) 53 pm
B J (B) 45 pm (C) 93 pm (D) 60 pm
J s
Q.20
b y
In FCC unit cell, what fraction of edge is not covered by atoms?
y B
PC
(A) 0.134 (B) 0.24 (C) 0.293 b (D) None of these

Q.21 PC
Na and Mg crystallize in BCC and FCC type crystals respectively. then the number of atoms of Na and
Mg present in the unit cell of their respective crystal is
(A) 4 and 2 (B) 9 and 14 (C) 14 and 9 (D) 2 and 4

Q.22 How many unit cells are present in a cube- shaped ideal crystal of NaCl of mass 1.00 g

ir
[Atomic masses: Na = 23. Cl = 35.5]

J s
(A) 2.57 × 1021 unit cells (B) 5.14 × 1021 unit cells

y B
(C) 1.28 × 1021 unit cells (D) 1.71 × 1021 unit cells

s ir
Q.23
b J
In a solid “AB” having NaCl structure “A” atoms occupy the corners of the cubic unit cell. If all the

PC B
face-centred atoms along one of the axes are removed, then the resultant stoichiometry of the solid is
(A) AB2 (B) A2B (C) A4B3
b y (D) A3B4

Q.24
(A) 12 (B) 4 (C) 8 PC
The coordination number of a metal crystallising in a hcp structure is
(D) 6

Page # 5
 SOLID STATE
Q.25 A substance AxBy crystallises in a FCC lattice in which atoms “A” occupy each corner of the cube and atoms
“B” occupy the centres of each face of the cube. Identify the correct composition of the substance AxBy.
(A) AB3 (B) A4B3
(C) A3B (D) composition cannot be specified
s ir
s ir [REASONING TYPE] B J
Q.26
B J b y
Statement-1 : KCl is more likely to show schottky defect, while LiI is more likely to show Frenkel

by PC
defect.
Statement-2 : Schottky defect is more likely in ionic solids in which cations and anions are of

PC comparable size while Frenkel defect is more likely is which cations and anions have
large differences in their ionic sizes.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.

si r
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
s ir
J B J
Q.27
y B
Statement-1 : Increasing temperature increases the density of point defects

b y
Statement-2 : The process of formation of point defects in solids in endothermic and has S > 0.
b
C PC
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1
P (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

Q.28 Statement-1 : Distance between nearest lattice points in BCC is greater than the same in FCC having

s ir
same edge length .
ir
Statement-2 : FCC has greater packing efficiency than BCC.

B J J s
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1

b y y B
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.

PC
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false. b
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
PC
[MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]

Q.29 Which of the following statements is/are correct :

(A) The coordination number of each type of ion in CsCl is 8.
(B)A metal that crystallises in BCC structure has a coordination number 12.

s ir
(C) A unit cell of an ionic crystal shares some of its ions with other unit cells
J
(D) The length of the unit cell in NaCl is 552 pm.
B
[ rNa = 95 pm ; rCl  = 181 pm ]

b y s ir
J
PC B
Q.30 Which of the following statements is/are correct :
(A)
b y
In an anti-fluorite structure anions form FCC lattice and cations occupy all tetrahedral voids.

PC
(B) If the radius of cations and anions are 0.2 Å and 0.95 Å then coordinate number of cation in the
crystal is 4. s
(C) An atom/ion is transferred from a lattice site to an interstitial position in Frenkel defect.
(D) Density of crystal always increases due to substitutional impurity defect.
Page # 6
 SOLID STATE
[MATCH THE COLUMN]
Q.31 Match the column:

ir
Column I Column II
(A)
ir
Rock salt structure (P)
s
Co-ordination number of cation is 4
J
J s B
B b y
(B)
b y
Zinc Blend structure (Q)
3a

PC
4
= r+ + r–

PC (C) Flourite structure (R) Co-ordination number of cation and anion

are same
a
(S) Distance between two nearest anion is

si r s ir 2

J B J
y B b y
b
P C PC

s ir ir
B J J s
b y y B
PC b
PC

s ir
B J
b y s ir
J
PC b y B
PC
Page # 7
 SOLID STATE

EXERCISE-1

s ir
Q.1
s
438.5 pm, 219.25 pm
ir Q.2 123.84 pm
B J
Q.3
J
267 pm, 231.2 pm, 188.8 pm
B
Q.4 3.5 g cm–3
b y
Q.5 3.472 ×
b y 1024 atoms Q.6
PC
19.4g/cm3 , 143.9 pm

PC
Q.7 41.67 g cm–3 Q.8 5.74 g cm–3
Q.9 7.887 g/cc , 8.59 gm/cm3
Q.10 5.188 gm/cm3, 6.023×1022 atoms of A, 3.0115×1022 unit cells
Q.11 FCC Q.12 A-B
Q.13 AuCu3 Q.14 A4B2C2
Q.15 59.95%, +4

si r
Q.16 ZnAl2O4
s ir
Q.17 AB2O4 Q.18 267 pm, 534 pm, 378 pm
J
Q.19 346.4 pm
y BJ Q.20
b
B
a =5.94×10–8cm, V=2.096×10–22 cm3
y
Q.21
b
1.81Å Q.22 175.8 pm
Q.23
P
Q.27
C
103.4 pm, No
4.34 Å
Q.24 4, 6, 8
Q.28 6 Q.30
PC
Q.26 2.685 Å
(a) 1.143, (b) 1.172
Q.31 2.16 gm/cm3 Q.32 3.57 Å Q.33 200
Q.34 6.05×1023 Q.35 15.053 Q.36 6.02 × 1018 mol–1
Q.37 2 Q.38 6 Q.39 (i) 1.5455 g/cm3 (ii) 1.5440 g/cm3
Q.40 0.24%
s ir ir
B J
EXERCISE-2
J s
b y y B
Q.1

PC
B Q.2 C Q.3 D
b Q.4 C

PC
Q.5 C Q.6 D Q.7 D Q.8 C
Q.9 A Q.10 A Q.11 B Q.12 A
Q.13 B Q.14 C Q.15 B Q.16 A
Q.17 A Q.18 D Q.19 A Q.20 C
Q.21 D Q.22 A Q.23 D Q.24 A
Q.25 A Q.26 A Q.27 A Q.28 A

si r
Q.29 ACD Q.30 A, C Q.31 (A) R,S (B) P,Q,R,S (C) Q

B J
b y s ir
C B J
P b y
PC
Page # 8