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 Point of
AC Drives DC Drives
Comparison
The electric drive which is The electric drive which is used

Definition used for controlling the speed for controlling the speed of a DC
of an AC motor is known as motor is known as DC electric
AC electric drive. drive.

AC drive converts the AC

DC drive uses mercury arc
supply into DC using rectifier rectifier circuits to convert the
circuit, then convert it back to input AC into DC at different
Operation
AC (frequerncy is changed) to
voltages to control the speed of
control the speed of the AC DC motors.
motor.

AC drives have two converter

DC drive involves only one
circuits viz. rectifier for AC to
Converter circuit converter circuit that is rectifier
DC conversion and inverter
for AC to DC conversion.
for DC to AC conversion.

Controlling AC drive controls the AC DC drive controls the DC output

quantity output from the AC input. from the AC input.
AC drives are not self DC drives are self-starting.
Self-starting
starting.
AC drives are operated by AC DC drives are operated by DC
Drive power power supply such as batteries,
power supply either 1-phase
supply or 3-phase. etc.

AC drives involve complicated The circuit of DC drive is

Circuit circuit design due to presence relatively less complex due to
complexity of rectifier circuit and inverter the single power conversion, i.e.
circuit. from AC to DC only.
L1 L2 L3

T1
MOTOR
OL

T3

Control
Transtormer

Forward Reverse
Sloo
A OL
-

Fig. 2: Elementary diagram of Control circuit & Power circuits of reversing the direction of
rotation of induction motor with Interlocking systems
 Operation of Control circuit & Power circuits of Simple ON-OFF motor control
circuit:
R

Fuse

C.B
H
OFF
Button
K
Contactor Coit
H

ON KINO
Pus Button lo b Holding Contad

.Indicator

K1
3 Contactor Coil
Motor
N

Control circuit & Power circuits of Simple ON-OFF motor control circuit
R
Y
B
L1LL

C.B

Ct c c b
MAIN DELTA
(A)
STAR

c2

b2

c1
oM c2

Star Delta starter Power Circuit Diagram

L1

Fuse

OL

OFF 4

la«Y
1a
ON

oo2

C3 C2 C1

L2
STAR TIMER DELTA MAIN
Star Delta starter with Control Diagram
Concept:
VWVF stands for Variable Voltage Variable
Frequency.
VVVF Speed Controlmethod is a
commonly used method for Induction
Motors.

The relationship between voltage V and

frequency f can be written as
V=4.44x f xNxØ
Nis the number of turns per phase
Øis the resultant air gap flux.
To reduce the speed of the induction
motor, the frequency of the motor changed
by keeping Vconstant. this willresult in an
increase in airgap flux which will cause the
Core to saturate

Toavoid the core saturation frequency

the motor changing by keeping V/f
Constant This result in the attainment of
speed control in the induction motor.
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) Definition

The phase-locked loop (PLL) block is a feedback control system that automatically adjusts
the phase of a locally generated signal to match the phase of an input signal. PLLs operate
by producing an oscillator frequency to match the frequency of an input signal. In this
locked condition, any slight change in the input signal first appears as a change in phase
between the input signal and the oscillator frequency. This phase shift then acts as an error
signal to change the frequency of the local PLL oscillator to match the input signal. The
locking-onto-a-phase relationship between the input signal and the local oscillator
accounts for the name phase-locked loop. PLLs are often used in high-speed
communication applications.
Ghatal Govt. Polytechnic Industrial Drives: Unit-V

AC/DC motor drive using Microcomputer block diagram:

AC/DC motor drive using Microcontroller block diagram:

Prepared by Sanjoy Pondit, Lecturer, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Ghatal Govt. Polytechnic