Lesson 0 – Set and Interval Notation

repeated element
1. Set No ,

1.1 A set is a collection of well-defined distinct objects (elements). A set can be represented in
a capital letter like A. Explanation A of tall stadentsis not a set Agroupofstudents over
group US
Well
.
.

defined We haven t defined

,

on
set
,

'
what tall students are 2 meters ,
is a
,

1.2 If A is a set and x is an element (member) of A, this is written as x ∈ A, which can also be
read as "𝑥 belongs to A". If 𝑥 is not an element (member) of A, we write 𝑥 ∉ 𝐴.

1.3 The elements that are written in the set can be in any order but cannot be repeated.
1 5 . Finite Set : of elemants
Finite number .

1.4 The set with no element is an empty set 𝜙.

Infimite set :
Infinite numberof etements .

Example 1: a. Seven colors of rainbow

set↑ Red isandementin setA. RedEA . A finite Set
RedOrangeYeilow
A
is a

: element BlackA.
Blue
Green IndigoviotetBlack is not an in serA .

CElement b. The real roots of 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0.

popo
等“ ……

slutin set B , piodut

1 2oEXZzxt2= obyfectkpry.tur
:

ab rB = 6 > a = 00 =
(x∞1 (x+)
0

Bisafiniteset
= 0 x 2
-
: 0 or - x- 1 = 0

λ= 2 omx= 1 ,

c. All Natural Numbers N IEN OEN -

2 EN
All integers Z 3 is an Iis integer IEZ
integer 3 GI not an.

All rational numbers Q l

is ratiomal murnber4EO Fis am πf
irratiomalnhetmber
4
Q

All real numbers R .

年 and hare real ncermbers 4 ER π ER

d. The set of 𝑥-coordinates of the following points (1,2), (3,4), (4,5), (1,6)

set C 1 3 4 *
, ; ,
00 Repeated Element .
C is afinite Set

e. The real roots of quadratic equation 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 5 = 0.

Solution set d . (finiteset) ExPlanation : No real root
λ+ 4x+ 5 = 0.
a=| b 4C 5 -
=

4 - ×× =4 < ]= b =
-
4ac =
= 4 \
2. Set Notation 5

,disciminant
a. Roster or enumeration notation ( 列举法了 判别
defines a set by listing its elements between curly braces {}, separated by commas.
Example 2: Write the set you identified in Example 1.a, 1.b, 1.d in enumeration notation.
a

Red, orange Yellow Green Indigo Blue violet}

{ ,
, , ,
,

1 d { 1 3 4j
1 b
.

{1 } ,
2 , .

Example 3: Write the set of point of intersection of the lines 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 6.
set of point of intersection { 1
]
巡
3 4

xx )
例
,

- 2x+ 6 = x→
pointset 点集 λ=} λ= 1

b. Set-builder notation whenx 1y = = + 1 3= 4 .

Set-builder notation specifies a set by describing what it is in it.

Introductory Example: The solution set for the inequality 𝑥 − 7 < 3
x 7 c 3 x< 10 All numberslesstham10
-

.
i 's a solution
let the solution set be f .

fA t'hardtowritedownthe
s
solution set by enbemeration
GEA TEA 0. 1
,
八
 vertical Bar .

ommoncharacteristicdharedhytheelements
Elermemt
↑
↑ {𝑥 | 𝑥 < 10} in the get ,

It says: "the set of all 𝑥 such that 𝑥 is less than 10"

Example 4: The set of even numbers (Hint: Any integer that can be divided exactly by 2 is
an even number.)
A {xxiseven! (x x= 2k .
KGzd Kouldbe
any integer ,

Example 5: The set of points in the first quadrant in the coordinate plane.
Y Each element insetA is
apoint
{
,

(t +]
A (
xy )xopo } >
,

x
,

3. Interval Notation
The solution set for the compound inequality 0 ≤ 𝑥 − 7 ≤ 3 is {𝑥 |7 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10}. We can
also write it in interval notation [7, 10].
. Identifytheendpoints, orderthem
seperated by commas
2,
use [ ]
ifendpoints,
inclusive are

( Jifendpointsareexcdusive

Write the following set in interval notation.

positive Infinity Extremely large
'

{𝑥 |7 < 𝑥 < 10} ( J 10) open interval

1 ∞
,

negative Infinity Extremely smalli

∞
{𝑥 |7 < 𝑥 ≤ 10} ( ]
-
] 10
,

{𝑥 |7 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10}. [ ] 10] chosed interval

,
,
Y

>
∞
(0 , 0 ] x
1

if the number snot boundedabove

“
use t ∞

bounded below
if thenumber' s not
^ 1 .

use ∞

Write the following set in interval notation. xLxz]

xis bounded (upperbound)
{𝑥 |𝑥 < 10}, {𝑥 |𝑥 ≤ 10}, {𝑥 |𝑥 > −8}, {𝑥 |𝑥 ≥ −8} by 2

, 10 )-
-

10] ∞
(
-

8,
)
t ∞ ,+∞),
- x
does rot have a loover boumal

Example 6: Find the solution set 2𝑥 − > 𝑥.

,
interral notation (
-
∞
,
2 )
※
,

2λ -
λ> x >
2
( )
parentheses are
pairedwith
λε ( 2 ,
+∞ ) ,
-
∞
.

(- ∞
,
+∞ )
correspondsto
十
八
工
八
八