UNIT 1

HOMOPHONES
Typess of questions
Replace the underlined words with correct words and rewrite the sentence:
The principles of the colleges were present for the meeting.
Ans: The principals of the colleges were present for the meeting.
I don't know weather my father will allow me for picnic or not.
Ans: I don't know whether my father will allow me for picnic or not.

1. Principal-Head of something 2. Industrial-Related to industry

Principle-Norms, rules Industrious-hardworking
3. Mill-factory 4. Sight-vision
Meal- something to eat Site-an area where something is constructed
5. Check- to examine 6. Write- to mark on surface
Cheque- banking draft Right-correct, direction
7. Desert-barren land 8. Storey- floor
Dessert-sweet dish Story- tale
9. Accept: to receive, not to decline 10. Coarse: rough
Except: leaving out Course: path, contents of study
11. Desert: barren land 12. Gentle: noble, good in behaviour
Dessert: sweet dish Genteel: elegant, well dressed
13. Jest: joke, fun 14. Metal: an element
Zest: enthusiasm Mettle: courage
15. Personal: belonging to one’s own self 16. Perfect: complete in all respects
Personnel: employees working in an Prefect: monitor
organization
17. Stationary: not moving 18. Weak: feeble
Stationery: writing material Week: seven days
19. Rout: to defeat 20. Specious: apparently correct but false
Route: the way to a journey Spacious: having large space
SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
1. dangerous: destructive/ 1. ancient: modern/contemporary
grave/harmful/hazardous 2. famous: unknown/infamous
2. luxury: Affluence/ extravagant/ comfort 3. imagination: reality
3. guidance: Counselling/ guidelines/ 4. Optimistic: pessimistic
instructions 5. Ancient: modern
4. Eminent: celebrated, esteemed, important, 6. Permanent: temporary
renowned, significant, 7. guilty: innocent
8. lend: borrow
5. Humorous: amusing. hilarious, comic, funny,
9. natural: artificial/duplicate
entertaining
10.Expand x Contract
6. Miracle: marvel, mystery, wonder 11.Industrious x Lazy/ Indolent
7. knowledge: education/expertise/ 12.Diffident x Confident
information/wisdom 13.ability xinability
8. beautiful: attractive/ charming / 14.shy x bold, confident
graceful/pretty 15.coward x bold / brave
9. dangerous: destructive/ grave/harmful 16.Trivial- Important
10.Eminent: 17.Deep-shallow
Well-known/renowned/important/promine 18.Strange-Familier
nt 19.Original-Copy
11.Ample: Plenty/sufficient/abundant 20.Create-Distroy
12.Anxious: Nervous/restless/uneasy 21.Slender-fat
13.annual -yearly
14.popular -well-liked / admired
15.zeal -enthusiasm / passion / keenness
16.knack – ability / skill / talent / capability
17.access - admittance / entry/ entrance
18.contract – agreement / bond / deal
19.protect – defend / guard / shield
20.Obstacle- barrier
21.Vacation-holiday
22.Confuse-puzzle
23.Accomplish-Complete
24.Unique-unusual
25.Vague-unclear
26. Humble-Modest
COLLOCATIONS EXAMPLES
Collocations starting with the verb ‘Do’
a) Do me a favour: The boss asked Varun to do him a favour.
b) Do the cooking: As the guests came home unannounced, mother asked her daughter to do the
cooking.
c) Do the housework: The maid was directed to do the housework.
d) Do the shopping: On the last day of our exams, we decided to do the shopping.
e) Do your best: Father told his children to do the best in Athletics.

Collocations with the verb ‘Have’

a) Have a bath: During summer, one should have a bath twice in a day.
b) Have a haircut: Students should regularly have a haircut for a disciplined look.
c) Have a holiday: Do you have a holiday on Monday?
d) Have a problem: Some people have a problem in every situation.
e) Have lunch: Why don’t you have a lunch at this restaurant?
f) Have sympathy: People should have sympathy for the underprivileged.

Collocations with the verb ‘Break’

a) Break the law: Few people feel proud when they break the law.
b) Break the leg: The police threatened the thief to break his leg if he doesn’t tell the truth.
c) Break a promise: Gentlemen never break a promise.
d) Break a record: Students these days break a record in scoring above 90 percent marks.
e) Break the news to someone: It’s difficult to break the news of somebody’s death.
f) Break the rules: The principal warned the students not to break the rules of the college.

Collocations with the verb ‘Take’

a) Take an exam: To judge the IQ level, it is important to take an exam.
b) Take a break: Arvind’s mother told him to take a break from his studies.
c) Take a look: Take a look at the breathtaking sight.
d) Take a rest: The traveller decided to take a rest.
e) Take a seat: The interviewer told the candidate to take a seat.
f) Take a taxi: It’s better to take a taxi in rainy season.
g) Take notes: The teacher told the students to take notes during her lecture.

Collocations with the verb ‘Make’

a) Make a difference: Ajay asked his friend how he could make a difference in someone’s life?
b) Make a mess: The boys in the hostel make a mess of their room.
c) Make a mistake: One should not make a mistake repeatedly.
d) Make a noise: The Head of the Department requested the students not to make a noise during
college gathering.
e) Make an effort: To excel in life you have to make an effort.
f) Make money: Father told his son not to make money by doing wrong things.
g) Make progress: Entrepreneurs make progress by doing hard work.

Collocations with the verb ‘Pay’

a) Pay respect: It is an honor to pay respect to the martyrs who sacrificed their lives for our country.
b) Pay a fine: In USA one has to pay a fine for breaking the rules.
c) Pay attention: The teacher told Kumar to pay attention during the lecture.
d) Pay by credit card: These days it is easy to pay by credit card.
e) Pay someone a visit: Avoid paying someone a visit on Sundays.

Collocations with the verb ‘Keep’

a) Keep a secret: It is not easy to keep a secret.
b) Keep calm: Keep calm even if someone upsets you.
c) Keep in touch: Tarun asked Tanay to keep in touch through e-mails.
d) Keep quite: Students were asked to keep quite during the seminar.

Collocations with the verb ‘Save’

a) Save yourself the trouble: By regular exercises, you save yourself the trouble of getting obese.
b) Save electricity: It is our moral responsibility to save electricity.
c) Save money: Intelligent people save money for future.
d) Save someone’s life: Have you ever saved someone’s life?

Collocations with the verb ‘Go’

a) Go bald: It’s a fashion to go bald these days.
b) Go abroad: Many students go abroad for higher studies.
c) Go bankrupt: Spendthrifts usually go bankrupt.
d) Go sailing: It’s fun to go sailing on the seas.
e) Go to war: Soldiers are always ready to go to war.

Collocations with the verb ‘Come’

a) Come into view: In jungle safaris, tourists have to wait for the wild animals to come into view.
b) Come on time: Anu requested her friends to come on time for her birthday party.
c) Come prepared: The candidates were asked to come prepared for the Aptitude Test.
d) Come to an agreement: To maintain peace and order, the two countries should come to an
agreement.
e) Come to an end: Finally, the session has come to an end.

Collocations with the verb ‘Get’

a) Get a job: To get a job, candidate should be confident and fluent.
b) Get angry: People should not get angry on petty issues.
c) Get frightened: Children get frightened during night.
d) Get permission: The students approached the Principal to get permission for an industrial visit.
e) Get ready: Mother told her daughter to get ready for the party.

Collocations related to ‘Time’

a) Free time: I like to listen to music in my free time.
b) From dawn till dusk: Farmers work from dawn till dusk to earn a living.
c) Make time for: We should make time for our hobbies.
d) Right on time: Bina reached the examination hall right on time.
e) Waste time: Do not waste time, because time once gone never comes back. a) Annual turnover: The
annual turnover of the companies depends on the effective team work, marketing and other strategies.
b) Break off negotiations: It’s important to break off the negotiations during business meetings.
c) Come to the point: The teacher told Arjun to directly come to the point.
d) Dismiss an offer: Vinay had to dismiss an offer of job as he met with an accident.
e) Draw a conclusion: In every experiment, students draw a conclusion at the end.
f) Launch a new product: Marketing plays an important role in launching a new
product.
Write sentences using the following collocations:
a) Break the ice: It’s difficult for some people to break ice in the first meeting.
b) Catch a cold/catch cold: If you eat ice-cream in winter, you will catch a cold.
c) Catch sight of: Tourists catch sight of dolphins.
d) Catch fire: Sometimes, during summer forests catch fire.
e) Catch someone’s attention: With his melodious voice, he caught the audience’s attention.
f) Come to the point: Don’t beat around the bush, come to the point.
g) Run out of time: I am unable to complete my paper because I run out of time.
h) Have a good time: I always have good time with my friends.
i) Keep a diary: It’s a good habit to keep a diary.
j) Get the message: I got the message on what’s app group.
k) Get nowhere: If you try too many things at a time, you will get nowhere.
l) Keep cool: Don’t get angry, keep cool.
m) Keep an appointment: You should keep an appointment to meet the principal sir.
n) Draw your attention to: This film draws your attention to the problem of child labour.
o) Save time: You should save time for your hobby.

UNIT-2
DIALOGUE WRITING EXAMPLES
Two students discussing about the time table of final exam.
Ajay : Hello Namrata!
Namarata : Hello Ajay! How was your practical exam?
Ajay : It was good. Did you see the time table of final exam?
Namarata : Yes. It is displayed on the notice board.
Ajay : Oh! Which is the first paper?
Namarata: English, of course! It will be the followed by
Maths, Physics and Chemistry respectively.
Ajay : All right. I guess we start with the exam on 26 November.
Namarata: Thank God! You at least know the date of commenc of exam.
Ajay : I know that but I had not seen the board time table.
Namarata : Please be aware of it. Take down the time table from the notice board.
Ajay : Yes, I will do it now. All the best.
Namarata : Thank you. Wish you the same.
Ajay : Thanks. Bye.
Namarata : Bye.

A teacher and a student talking about the student’s attendance problem.

Student : Good morning madam.
Teacher : Good morning Riya.
Student : Madam, you told me to meet you.
Teacher : Yes. I called you here. Please be seated. Do you have any idea why you have been called?
Student : Yes Ma’am. I know my attendance is very poor.
Teacher : Good that you know the reason. Riya, what is the reason behind frequent absence?
Student : Nothing ma’am.
Teacher : See, be honest to me and share your problems if any. We will try to find some solution for that.

Between two friends about how they plan to spend their vacation.
A: Hey, how was the last paper?
B: The paper was very easy. I am now excited for the vacations!
A: It seems you already have some plans for the vacation.
B: Actually! We have already decided to go to Mahabaleshwar for this vacation. What about you?
A: That’s great! We are planning to go to our native place this vacation. I really miss my childhood days
there.
B: It’s awesome. Feeling that nostalgia again in life would be a thrilling and different experience altogether.
A : Very true. I am also excited to experience that nostalgia.
B: Enjoy then! See you.
A : Same to you dear. See you.

Between Father and son about importance of 'Reading in life'.

Son : Hi Dad! God morning!
Father : Good morning dear!
Son : What are you reading dad?
Father : This is one of the famous historical novel in Marathi.
Son : Is it related to kings, emperors and all?
Father : Yes it is. We get to know about the history, the kind of life people lived then, the difficulties they
found that time etc.
Son : I would also like to read such books.
Father : Along with fiction, reading non-fiction is also beneficial to gain knowledge and information.
Son : Yes, reading magazines that are published for specific and general purposes is also important in our
professional and social Life.
Father : Even reading newspaper daily keeps us updated about what is happening around.
Son : Inspirational and motivational reading also helps us keeping our emotional balance.
Father : True! Reading itself is a huge source of acquiring knowledge.
Son : Exactly! Reading is important not only for students but for each and every person to understand the
life in its true sense. Oh! it’s too late. I have to go to college. Bye!
Father : So keep reading. Bye!

PARAGRAPH WRITING EXAMPLES

'My Favourite Hobby'
My hobby is reading interesting and knowledgeable books. Reading is very good habit which can help me at
every stage of my life. This hobby can be developed by anyone however I got this naturally. Reading books
keep one always happy and busy. It is the good source of enjoyment, knowledge, inspiration and instruction.
It makes us disciplined, loyal, punctual and most importantly a successful person in the life. One who reads
books can never feel alone and disturb. I think this habit is more precious than gold or other precious stones
of the world. It provides us high level of knowledge, noble thoughts and ideas to work in many fields. Good
and interesting books are like best friends for the one who likes to read. The one who do not have this habit
may possess worldly wealth but he/she would always be poor because of the lack of wealth of true
knowledge.

My first day in the Institute

One rainy morning, I woke up with lot of enthusiasm to get ready for the college. It was my first day in the
institute! All the students and parents were sitting in the Seminar Hall together. I was nervous thinking about
the totally new environment. The induction started with a welcome speech by the principal and one by one we
got introduced to all our teachers, course, curriculum and other activities. I gradually started feeling as a part
of the institute. After the induction, we, the students, started interacting with each other. It became a
memorable day in my life!

UNIT-4
SPEECH WRITING
Prepare a vote of thanks for the 'Annual Cultural Day Celebration at your institute.'
Good evening to one and all present here! I am standing before you to propose vote of thanks in
this beautiful evening of ‘Annual Cultural Day Celebration’. At the outset, I would like to thank
the chief guest, Mr. Sam Kapoor- a TV Actor, for sparing his valuable time for us and gracing the
event with his presence. My sincere thanks to our honourable Founder President for giving us an
opportunity to organize this event. I am also thankful to our principal who supported and guided
us for the success of this event. I express my heartfelt thanks to all the teachers who inspired and
guided us during this Annual Cultural Day Celebration. I thank all the organisers, event
coordinators, technicians and my colleagues; without their support the event would not have been
successful. Before I conclude, I want to thank our Canteen In charge for providing us tasty food
and tea. I extend my thanks to all the students for attending the Annual Cultural Day Celebration.
Thank you all.

As a sport in charge of your institute, prepare a speech to welcome the Chief Guest who is
the Sport Officer on the occasion of sports day celebration
Good morning to one & all present here! I, Mr Vishal Joshi, sports in charge, welcome you to the
Sports Day Celebration. It is my honour to welcome today’s Chief Guest Mr. Sandip Khorana
who is the Sport Officer of/in Pune Municipal Corporation. He has won many national and
international awards in sports. The Government of India has awarded him with the ‘Arjun
Award’. Sir, it is an honour and a privilege for us to have you with us today. I am pleased to
welcome all the honourable management members and respected principal sir for the event. I also
welcome all the HODs, teaching and non-teaching staff on this occasion. Last but not the least I
especially welcome all the participants and students for the sports day celebration. Once again I
welcome all of you for this function. Hope you will have a great time. Now I request our today’s
chief guest to take over the proceedings.

Farewell Speech for a Colleague

Good evening one and all present here! Today is a very sad day for us in the office as we have to
say goodbye to our wonderful coworker. He/she has worked with us for a long time and has never
let us down. He/she has always been extremely professional, hard-working and a team player.
He/she has a brilliant mind and always brought creative new ideas to the team. He/she has not
only been a fantastic colleague, he/she has also been a true friend. He/she always took the time to
ask how his/her fellow colleagues were, always had time to listen and talk to anybody with a
problem and has been a great joy in the office. He/she was always full of energy and cheerful to
see everyone on Monday mornings. He/she is a great loss to our company but we were lucky to
have the opportunity to work with him/her. We all wish you the best in the future. I know that
whatever the future holds, he/she will excel and continue to be successful. We will miss you but
this isn’t goodbye as we know you will keep in touch and we will see you sooner rather than later.
Thank you for everything you have given to the company.”

Introduction of chief guest speech

PICTURE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

This picture is of railway platform bustling with passengers.Platform is quite neat and clean. On the left of the
picture a train is halted. I think it has a long halted time as no rush of passengers at its door. Two passengers near
to train are moving with their luggage and they are supposed to board the halted train. The passengers who are
standing in the middle of the picture are waiting for their train.A passenger with blue shirt is talking on the mobile.
On the right side, there is a shop of snacks and ice cream. A few people are sitting on a bench near to shop,It
seems,they are relaxing and waiting for their train.On extremely right side two persons are observing others and as
they do not have any luggage, they might have come there to receive someone. Platform is covered with rooftop
made of metal.At the top,on the left side there is a foot over bridge and a few people are using it to cross the
platform . Life inside and outside the railway station is constantly on the move. For me it is the epitome of human
activity – a melting pot of emotions, with stories unfolding at every corner.

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

Smartphone
A smartphone is a multifunction portable electronic device.It combines mobile telephone functions and personal
computing functions into one unit.Telephony functions include voice calling and SMS whereas computer
functions include internet access, game play, multimedia capabilities and access to various mobile apps. It consist
of both its hardware and software. Hardware includes screen, camera module, battery RAM,cheapest board and
charging port.Software can be categorized into three as system software, system UI and application
sosoftware.High resolution touch screen display runs on sophisticated operating system like Android or IOS.
Powerful processor and RAM are meant to run applications and store data. Smartphone has built in connecting
options such as Wi-Fi,Bluetooth and cellular network for internet access and communication. Smartphone helps
the user do things quicker and easier.
Laptop

Laptop is a portable computer, smaller than a briefcase. It does all the things that a desktop computer can do, but unlike a
desktop computer, it is small, lightweight and a battery inside, so one can carry it around and use it just anywhere. Laptop
combines many input and output components.Its main parts include the screen which is built into the lid of the laptop,the
built in keyboard and the touchpad which does the same job as a mouse.The web camera is for video chatting and the
speaker to make sound. Laptop runs both on an AC power supply and rechargeable batteries so occasionally recharge of
battery is needed.Laptops are used in a variety of settings such as at work, in education for playing games, web
browsing,for personal multimedia and for general home computer use. Laptop offer a perfect blend of power, flexibility
and mobility.It revolutionized the way of working, learning and communication.
 UNIT-5
PRESENTATION SKILLS:
Dressing & Grooming
Q. What is appropriate dressing for success?

Dressing appropriately is essential in both academic and professional settings. When you dress
well, you not only create a positive impression on others but also feel more confident and focused.
Here are some tips for dressing for success.

(1) Dress according to the Occasion

Understand the dress code for different events or situations. Dressing appropriately shows respect
for the occasion and those around you.

(2) Build a Versatile Wardrobe

Invest in essential pieces like well-fitted trousers, skirts, shirts, blouses, and a blazer. Having a
few versatile pieces allows you to mix and match various outfits.

(3) Personal Style

While following dress codes, don't be afraid to incorporate your personal style. Expressing
yourself through clothing can boost self-confidence.

(4) Pay Attention to Grooming

Dressing well goes hand in hand with proper grooming. Ensure your clothes are clean, ironed, and
in good condition. Maintain personal hygiene and grooming habits, including regular haircuts and
nail care.

DRESSING FOR CONFIDENCE

Q. How does dressing boost your confidence?

Your appearance can significantly influence your self-confidence and how you perceive yourself.
When you feel good about how you look, it positively impacts your attitude and interactions with
others. Here are some ways to dress for confidence:

(1) Wear Clothes that Fit Well

III-fitting clothes can make you feel uncomfortable and self-conscious Choose clothes that flatter
your body type and make you feel comfortable.

(2) Choose Colors that Suit You

Different colors can evoke different emotions and moods. Find colours that complement your skin
tone and make you feel vibrant.
(3) Pay Attention to Accessories

Accessories can enhance your outfit and add a touch of personality. Use accessories to express
your style, but avoid going overboard

(4) Stand Tall and Own Your Style

Confidence comes from within. Stand tall, maintain good posture, and embrace your unique style
with pride.

Grooming:
This involves speaking with professionalism and in a way that conveys respect for your audience.
It includes avoiding jargon, using appropriate language for your topic, and talking in a manner
that conveys intelligence and trustworthiness.

Do's for Dressing and Grooming

A. Do Dress Appropriately for the Occasion: Consider the event or setting and dress
accordingly Follow dress codes for formal, casual, or professional gatherings

B. Do Wear Well-Fitted Clothes: Choose clothes that fit your body shape well Well-fitted
clothes enhance your appearance and make you feel more confident.

C. Do Maintain Good Personal Hygiene: Regularly bathe, brush your teeth, and groom your
hair. Good personal hygiene is essential for a neat and polished look.

D. Do Keep Your Clothes Clean and Wrinkle-Free: Ensure your clothes are clean, ironed, and
in good condition. A tudy appearance makes a positive impression.

E. Do Accessorize Thoughtfully: Add accessories to complement your outfit, such as a watch,

scarf, or simple jewelry. Accessories can elevate your look.

F. Do Dress for Comfort: Prioritize comfort while choosing your outfit. When you're
comfortable, it reflects in your body language and confidence.

G. Do Embrace Your Personal Style: Dress in a way that reflects your personality and
individuality. Express yourself through your clothing choices.
H. Do Pay Attention to Grooming: Maintain a well-groomed appearance, including clean nails,
well-kept hair, and trimmed facial hair

I. Do Choose Colours That Complement Your Skin Tone: Experiment with colours to find
ones that suit you best and enhance your complexion.

J. Do Dress with Respect for Diversity: Be mindful of cultural and religious sensitivities when
dressing, especially in diverse settings.

Don'ts for Dressing and Grooming

A. Don't Overdress or Under dress: Avoid wearing overly formal or casual attire for an event.
Dress appropriately shows respect.

B. Don't Wear Ill-Fitting Clothes: Avoid clothes that are too tight or too loose. Ill-fitting clothes
can appear sloppy and uncomfortable.

C. Don't Neglect Personal Hygiene: Maintain good personal hygiene, including grooming and
dental care, to avoid unpleasant odors or appearance.

D. Don't Overdo Accessories: Avoid wearing too many accessories at once, as it can overpower
your outfit and look cluttered.

E. Don't Follow Trends Blindly: While it's good to be fashionable, don't feel obligated to follow
every trend. Stick to what suits your style and personality.

F. Don't Wear Damaged or Stained Clothes: Avoid wearing clothes with visible tears, stains, or
fading. Opt for well-maintained clothing. G. Don't Forget About Footwear: Pay attention to your
footwear. Worm-out or dirty shoes can detract from an otherwise well-dressed appearance.

H. Don't Overuse Fragrances: Apply perfume or cologne sparingly. Strong scents can be
overpowering and may bother others.

I. Don't Be Insensitive to Dress Codes: Respect dress codes in various environments, such as
school, work, or religious settings.

J. Don't Sacrifice Comfort for Style: While looking stylish is important, prioritize comfort and
wear clothes that make you feel at ease. By following these do's and don'ts, you can ensure that
you present yourself confidently and respectfully through your dressing and grooming choices.
Remember, dressing and grooming are about feeling good and expressing your authentic self.
Strike a balance between style and comfort, and let your personality shine through!
2. Guidelines to prepare effective PPT:
A.LAYOUT

The layout of your PowerPoint presentation plays a crucial role in conveying information clearly
and logically Here are some layout tips.

A. Keep it Clean and Simple: Avoid clutter and excessive text. Each slide should focus on one
main point or idea.

B. Use Consistent Slide Design: Choose a consistent background, font styles, and colour scheme
throughout the presentation. This creates a professional and cohesive look

C. Organize Content Hierarchically: Arrange content with a clear hierarchy, using headings,
subheadings, and bullet points to structure your information.

D. Utilize White Space: Allow ample white space around text and graphics to enhance
readability and visual appeal.

E. Balance Text and Visuals: Use visuals, such as images, charts, and diagrams, to complement
your text and make the presentation more engaging.

B.FONT SIZE

Font size is a crucial aspect of presentation design, as it determines readability and ensures your
audience can easily follow your content. Here are some font size guidelines:

A. Title Font: Use a bold and larger font size for slide titles. This should be the most prominent
text on the slide

B. Body Font: Choose a clear and readable font for the main content. The recommended font size
for body text is typically between 24 to 32 points

C. Subheadings and Bullet Points: Use slightly smaller font sizes for subheadings and bullet
points, usually between 20 to 28 points.

D. Avoid Excessive Font Variation: Stick to two or three font sizes to maintain consistency and
visual harmony.

C.COLOUR COMBINATIONS

A. Colour choices in your PowerPoint presentation can evoke emotions and influence how your
audience perceives your content. Consider the following tips for colour combinations
B. Limit the Colour Palette: Choose a harmonious colour scheme with 2 to 4 primary colours. Too
many colours can be distracting.

C. Contrast for Readability: Ensure there is sufficient contrast between the background and text
colours to improve legibility.

D. Consistent Colour Usage: Maintain consistency in colour application across slides for a
cohesive and professional look.

E. Consider Cultural Meanings: Be mindful of cultural associations with colours, as they can vary
in different regions or contexts.

F. Use Colour to Highlight Information: Employ colour to emphasize key points, data, or
headings, guiding the audience's focus.

DO'S AND DON'TS OF POWER-POINT PRESENTATIONS

Do's

(1) Keep it Simple: Stick to a clean and uncluttered design. Avoid using too many colours, fonts,
or animations that may distract from your content

(2) Use Clear and Readable Fonts: Choose fonts that are easy to read, even from a distance.
Sans-serif fonts like Arial or Calibri are good choices for body text.

(3) Use High-Quality Images: Use relevant and high-resolution images that enhance your
message. Avoid using blurry or pixelated images. (4) Be Consistent Maintain a consistent design
throughout the presentation, including font styles, colours, and formatting.

(5) Limit Text on Slides: Use bullet points or short phrases instead of long paragraphs. Your
slides should be a visual aid, not a script.

(6) Utilize Slide Transitions and Animations Sparingly: Use transitions and animations to add
a touch of professionalism, but avoid overusing them, as they can become distracting.

(7) Practice Your Delivery: Rehearse your presentation multiple times to become familiar with
the content and ensure a confident delivery.

(8) Engage Your Audience: Use storytelling, anecdotes, or interactive elements to keep your
audience engaged and interested.

(9) Use Graphs and Charts: Incorporate visual aids like graphs and charts to present data and
statistics effectively. (10) Proofread Your Presentation: Check for spelling and grammatical errors
before delivering your presentation.
Don'ts

1) Overload Slides with Text: Avoid cramming too much text on one slide. Keep it concise and
focus on key points. (

(2) Use Small Font Sizes: Use font sizes that are large enough for easy reading, especially for
those in the back of the room.

(3) Rely Too Much on Slide Transitions: Don't rely solely on slide transitions and animations to
impress your audience. Content and delivery are more important.

(4) Use Too Many Slide Effects: Avoid excessive animations, sound effects, or flashy transitions
that can be distracting.

(5) Depend on the Presentation Alone: Don't read directly from the slides. Use them as visual
aids to support your speech, not as a script

(6) Use Copyrighted Material Without Permission: Avoid using copyrighted images, videos, or
content without proper permission or attribution. (7) Rush Through the Presentation: Don't rush
through your slides or go too fast. Allew time for the audience to process the information.
(8) Include Irrelevant Information: Stick to the main topic and avoid adding irrelevant content
that may confuse your audience

(9) Turn Your Back to the Audience: Maintain eye contact with your audience and avoid
turning your back to them while referring to the slides.

(10) Forget to Save a Backup: Always save a backup copy of your presentation to avoid losing
your work in case of technical issues.

By following these do's and don'ts, you can create a well-crafted and engaging PowerPoint
presentation that effectively conveys your message and captivates your audience.

3. Aspects of body language

1. Appearance
2. Gesture
3. Posture
4. Facial expression
5. Eye contact
6. Voice modulation
1. Appearance:
 Appearance is a blend of clothes accessories hairstyle and presentation style.
 Persons choice of clothes accessories and hairstyle communicate a great deal about his or
her attitude belief values and status
  Personal appearance place vital role in face to face communication it helps the speaker to
hold the interest of listener in communication.
 If the choices go wrong one cannot expect the direct result.
 One should adapt the appearance according to formal semi-formal and informal situations.
2. Posture:
 Poster refers to the way a person stand, sit and carry him or herself
 It indicates confidence attitude courage hesitation preparedness timidness of a person. A
person who stands, sits and walks upright commands respect and attention.
 Posture helps to create right image of the person
 Appropriate posture gives positive message therefore a professional has to cultivate and
maintain elegance in his or her sitting standing and walking posture
For example: Not drooping the shoulders, lifting feet clearly off the floor while walking,
avoiding dragging them, avoiding crossing the legs while sitting or standing before the
audience, keep the shoulders

3. Gesture:
 Expressive movement made with the body parts like hand head legs shoulders fingers is
called as gesture.
 It can communicate all that the person feels consciously or subconsciously
 Gesture are used in along with the verbal language.
 Gesture helps to enhance the meaning of the message and to create the impact of the
speaker
 It also helps the receiver to understand the message easily.
 Following are some examples of gestures:
-thumbs up sign shows appreciation agreement good luck etc.-waving of hands indicate
hello or goodbye.
-nodding of head from right to left means saying no and moving it up and down to say yes.
4. Eye contact:
 The commonly used saying eyes are the windows to the soul reveals the importance of eyes
and its role in communication.
 Eye contact reveals several facts about people and their emotions
 Eye contact makes sending and receiving of the message easy, it also help to establish a link
between sender and receiver.
 Through the eye contact the speaker can easily understand receiver’s attitude to all that he or
she speak.
 Eye contact shows that you are confident and it also attracts a person’s attention. Thus we can
make sure that the listener is attentive while communicating.
 Avoiding eye contact indicates the signs of fear, doubt, confusion, shyness, nervousness etc

5. Facial expression:
 Facial expression helps us to convey several emotions simultaneously.
 It expresses a large range of emotions like happiness, surprise, fear, anger, sadness and more.
  Eyes reveal happiness, surprise or sadness, truth or lies, anger or sorrow.
 The mouth and lips reveal happiness or surprise. Smile communicates cooperation and
friendliness, agreement and appreciation.
 Blank face indicates a neutral, expressionless, unresponsive face etc.
6. Voice modulation
 Voice modulation is the ability to change or adjust your voice and tone to suit the context and
purpose of your communication.
 Voice modulation can help you to convey your message more effectively by adding variety,
interest, and emotion to your speech.
 It helps to engage the audience and keep them focused.
 Voice modulation can also help you to avoid monotony and boredom in your listeners.
 It helps to express emotions, show confidence and make speech interesting and appealing.
 Voice modulation involves changing your volume, speed, pitch, and tone of your voice
according to the situation and the effect you want to create