Here are the notes summarizing the key data and concepts from the transcript:

1. Wedge and Self-Locking Mechanism:

Self-locking in Wedge:

Goal: When the lifting force P is removed, the block should stay in the lifted position (self-
locking).
Forces Involved: Friction prevents the wedge from moving out when the force is removed.
Equilibrium: When the force P is removed, the equilibrium condition is applied (e.g., ΣFx ​ =
0) to analyze forces.
Outcome: The negative value of the reaction force N3 = −0.21N1 suggests that the wall
​ ​

must apply a pulling force (not physically possible), showing the system is self-locking.
Contributing Factors to Self-Locking:

Angle of the Wedge and Friction contribute to the self-locking behavior.

Applications: Widely used in mechanical systems like screw-driven machines, lead screws,
and tensile testing machines.

2. Archimedes' Pulley System (Mechanical Advantage):

Principle: A system of pulleys that allows lifting a large weight with a smaller force.
Tension in Ropes: The tension T1 ​ = T2 in a frictionless system.
​

Mechanical Advantage: In a four-pulley system:

Pulley A supports weight W , Pulley B supports W /2, Pulley C supports W /4, Pulley D
supports W /8.
Mechanical Advantage = 8: A smaller pulling force can lift a much larger weight.

3. Keychain and Water Bottle Demonstration:

Experiment Setup:

A 1 kg water bottle is supported by an 80g keychain.

Frictional Effect: The keychain (with friction) can hold the weight due to friction's aid.
The speaker demonstrates that even with a small weight (80g), friction allows the keychain to
support the larger weight (1 kg).

4. Braking Systems and Flywheel:

Flywheel Braking System:
The flywheel is stopped using a brake band that has kinetic friction (µ = 0.45).
System Geometry:
 Drum Diameter: 500 mm
Brake Band Thickness: 1.8 mm
Direction: Flywheel is rotating anticlockwise; the brake band acts in the opposite direction to
stop it.
Frictional Forces in Braking System:
The friction force on the brake band must be correctly oriented based on the direction of
rotation.
Key Concept: Tension T1 and T2 in the brake band are not constant due to friction. The
​ ​

tension varies along the length of the belt.

5. Mathematical Analysis of Tension in Brake Band:

Polar Coordinate System:

Analyze forces using polar coordinates (radial and tangential directions).

Force Equilibrium:

Radial direction: ΣFr ​ = 0 leads to the force balance equation involving T1 and T2 .
​ ​

Tangential direction: ΣFθ ​ = 0 gives another equation for the tensions along the belt.
Small Angle Approximation:

Use sin(Δθ) ≈ Δθ and cos(Δθ) ≈ 1 for small Δθ.

This leads to the differential equation:
dT
= μT
dθ
​

The solution is:

T2
= eμθ
​

T1
​

Where:
T1 and T2 are the tensions at two points on the brake band.
​ ​

μ is the coefficient of friction.

θ is the angle of lap (in radians).

6. Calculation of Tension in Brake Band:

Given Data:

μ = 0.45 (coefficient of kinetic friction)

T2 = 50 kN (tension in segment BC)
​

θ = π radians (half of the drum's circumference is lapped by the brake band).

Calculation:
 T
Use the equation T2
1
​

​
​ = eμθ to find T1 . ​

Result: Tension T1 ​
= 13 kN (in segment AD).

Key Takeaways:
Friction plays a critical role in self-locking systems, braking mechanisms, and pulley systems.
Mechanical Advantage can be achieved with pulleys and frictionless systems, allowing large
weights to be lifted with smaller forces.
Frictional effects in brake systems lead to varying tension along the length of the brake band.
Mathematical formulations like T2 /T1 ​ ​ = eμθ are essential for understanding tension distribution
in systems involving friction.

These notes summarize the key concepts and data points discussed in the transcript.
Key Points from the Transcript:
1. Tension and Frictional Force
The tension ratio TT 21 in the belt or rope is given by the equation TT 21
​ ​ = eμθ , where:
T 2 is always greater than T 1.
T 2 is the tension in the portion of the belt that pulls.
μ is the coefficient of friction, and θ is the angle of wrap (in radians).
The friction direction is crucial when analyzing the problem, as it affects how tension is
labeled.
2. Belt Drive and Friction
Driver and Driven Pulley:

In a belt drive, there are a driver pulley and a driven pulley.

The belt can deform, affecting its tension due to friction (static vs. sliding friction).
Frictional Direction: The friction between the belt and the pulley is what drives the
system.
Correct identification of T 1 and T 2 and their relationship is essential.
3. Brake Problem
In a brake system with a rotating flywheel, friction is exerted by the drum on the belt, which
affects the tension between T 1 and T 2.
The relationship between the tensions remains TT 21 ​ = eμθ , but correct labeling and visualizing
friction direction is important.
4. Impact of Centrifugal Force
When analyzing a belt, if the belt's mass is significant, centrifugal force must be considered.
The additional term due to centrifugal force modifies the tension equation:
T 2−mv 2 = eμθ
T 1−mv 2
​

This adjustment is necessary for high-speed systems.

5. Practical Applications of Friction
Rope Climbing: A tree surgeon uses a rope to climb a tree. The friction between the rope and
the tree limb allows the person to control their descent and ascent.

The force required to descend slowly is minimal due to friction between the rope and
tree.
Friction is essential for both holding the weight and controlling the movement.
6. Friction in Boat Mooring
 In coastal areas, a boat uses friction when tying the rope around a peg to stay in place. This is
a real-world application of friction in marine environments.
7. Problem Involving Rope Friction
Problem Statement: A massless beam is supported by a rope wrapped over a rough peg. The
coefficient of friction is given as 0.45.
The goal is to determine the maximum distance the block can be placed from point A before
the motion becomes impending.
Equilibrium Analysis:

Block's Free Body Diagram: The weight of the block and the tension in the rope are key
factors.
Friction: The frictional force opposes the motion of the block, and the friction is f = μN ,
where N is the normal force.
The tension T 1 equals the frictional force.
The maximum distance from point A where the block can stay in equilibrium is
calculated.
8. Mathematical Expression for Friction
The frictional force is f = μ × W , where W is the weight of the block.
The normal force N is equal to the weight W , and from the equilibrium equations, the
tension T 1 is determined.

Summary of Key Equations:

T2
T1
​ = eμθ
f =μ×W
2
Centrifugal force adjustment: TT 2−mv
1−mv 2
​ = eμθ

Final Notes:
Correct visualization of the problem, proper labeling of T 1 and T 2, and accurate friction analysis
are essential for solving problems related to friction in ropes, belts, and pulley systems.
Real-life applications of friction, such as rope climbing and boat mooring, demonstrate the
practical importance of friction in engineering and daily life.
Here are the notes based on the given data:

Problem Overview
The rope is about to slip, and all interactions are impending.
The problem involves analyzing forces and friction between a rope and pulley.
T1 is the holding force, and T2 is the pulling force.

Key Concepts and Assumptions

1. Pulley with Friction:
The interaction between the rope and the pulley involves friction.
The angle of lap for the pulley is assumed to be 90° (π/2 radians).
2. Relationship Between T1 and T2:
The relationship between the forces is given by the equation:
T2
= eμθ
T1
​

Where:
T 1 = holding force,
T 2 = pulling force,
μ = coefficient of friction,
θ = angle of lap (90° or π/2 radians).
3. Calculation of Forces:
T2 is 2.0276 times T1.
Given T1, T2 is calculated to be 537.05 N.
4. Free Body Diagram and Static Equilibrium:
The pin joint is replaced by two forces.
The block experiences a normal force and frictional force.
The moment about point A is analyzed.
The equation for the moment about A is:
5T 2 − (d + d1) × W = 0
Where:

d = minimum distance,
d1 = additional distance,
W = weight (force due to gravity).
5. Calculation of Minimum Distance (d):
 The minimum distance d is determined to be 4.427 meters.

Problem Insights
The problem involves both sliding friction and rope friction, combining different concepts of
statics and dynamics.
Proper attention to the direction of friction and the labeling of forces (T1 and T2) is essential.
The angle of lap and coefficient of friction are the main factors affecting the relationship
between the forces.

Engineering Applications
The concepts discussed are useful in real-world applications like:
Belt drives,
Climbing ropes,
Demonstrations (e.g., a keychain supporting a water bottle).

Final Remarks
The problem serves as a comprehensive review of statics, particularly with free body diagrams and
frictional interactions.
Careful consideration of the physics and correct labeling of forces ensures proper problem-
solving.