Design of

Abutment and Foundation

Summary of Loads from superstructure and abutment

Superstructure Unfactored load at center of base of abutment
Unfactored Reactions Forces(KN) Moment
Dead load(KN) Vertical Horizontal (KNm)
Slab / CG 0.00 Abutment Self 1743.95 0.00 -442.77
Barriers 0.00 SS DL 3090.48 0.00 0.00
Girder 3090.48 SS Surface 225.00 0.00 0.00
Railing 0.00 SS LL 1111.99 0.00 0.00
Footpath 0.00 EPH 0.00 1327.27 4192.04
Surfacing 225.00 EPV 483.09 0.00 -362.31
Live load including impact LL Surcharge (H) 0.00 450.78 1762.56
Class A 963.19 Braking 0.00 227.00 1241.69
70 R Wheel 0.00 Temperature 0.00 237.60 1299.67
70R Boogie 0.00 Seismic Load
70 R Track 0.00 Superstr. DL 0.00 596.79 4179.49
Pedestrain 148.80 Abutment DL 0.00 313.91 986.62
Earth pressure 0.00 803.88 3022.59
Dyn. Surcharge 0.00 256.56 1324.14

Superstructure Geometry data

Span = 40.0 m
Girder height with slab= 2.30 m
Stem Length = 8.40 m

Abutment detail(m) Abutment reinforcement details

Total Abutment Height 7.820 m Bar dia.(mm) spacing
Bextra= 0.30 m Vertical rear face bar 25 125
Stem width= 1.50 m Vertical front face bar 20 150
Cap width= 1.75 m Horizontal bar 16 175
Cap Height= 0.50 m
Backwall width= 0.40 m
Total Backwall height= 2.85 m
Abutment Design
Dead Load Unfactored Live Load including impact
Slab / Cross G 0.0 Class A 963.19
Barriers 0.0 70 R Wheel 0.00
Girder 3090.5 Class70R Boogie 0.00
Railing 0.0 70 R Track 0.00
Footpath 0.0 Pedestrain 148.80
Surfacing 225.0
Material and Properties:
Grade of concrete= M30 Characteristic strength(fck)= 30 N/mm2
Reinforcement= Fe500 Yield stress of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2017:
Concrete (Reinforced) 25.0 KN/m3
Backfill 20.0 KN/m3 IRC 6-2017, Chapter 1
Bridge Geometry
Superstructure geometry
Ht. of Bridge deck = 2.30 m
Bearing Ht = 0.500 ( assumed including pedestal)

HFL = 84.730 m
Free Board = 1.50 m
Bed Level = 82.070 m
Scour Depth from HFL Level = 3.970 m
0.800 Scour Level = 80.760 m
0.550 Bottom Level of Fdn = 79.550 m
Soffit Level = 86.230 m
Road Level = 88.580 m

Abutment Details
0.450 0.1 Total Ht = 7.820 ( from geo-tech and hydrology )
Wearing course height= 0.05 m
Ht BackW = 2.850 m including wearing course
Cap ht = 0.500 m
Stem Ht = 4.470 m
BW Width = 0.400 m
distance from edge to bearing center= 0.550 m
Distance from back wall to bearing center= 0.800 m
Cap Width = 1.750 m
Stem Width = 1.200 m
be ( tappered width ) = 0.300 m
Width of the abutment = 8.40 m
Total Stem base width = 1.500 m
Approach slab depth= 0.3 m
Approach slab length= 3.5 m
Hunch detail b (m) h (m)
Stem hunch 0.45 0.3
Back wall front 0.25 0.25 rectangle
hunch
0.25 0.25 triangle
Approach slab 0.25 0.25 rectangle
hunch
0.25 0.25 triangle
A1. Calculation of Loads
1. Load from self weight of abutment
Distance from
Component Wt (m3) centre of base Moment
stem(rect) 1126.44 -0.150 -168.97
stem(tria) 140.81 0.550 77.44
cap 183.75 -0.325 -59.72
Backwall 239.4 -1.000 -239.40
Stem hunch 14.18 -0.900 -12.76
13.13 -0.675 -8.86
Back wall front hunch 6.56 -0.717 -4.70
13.13 -1.325 -17.39
Approach slab hunch 6.56 -1.283 -8.42
1743.9 -442.8

2. Load from superstructure

DL 3090.5 0.000 0.00
Surface 225.0 0.000 0.00
LL 1112.0 0.000 0.00

3.Earth pressure
Ф= 30 ° (30-33) α= 0 ( Surcharge Ð )
β= 90 (Backface Ð) δ= 20.00 ( 2/3 of Ф ) pg 48 irc 6 2017
Ka = 0.2973 ɣ= 20.0 KN/m3
h= 7.520 m
Earth pressure= 44.72 KN/m2
Total Force = 1412.4 KN acts @ 0.42 m for dry soil Sin 2 (    )
Ka  2
0.33 m for wet soil pg 50 irc6-2017  Sin (   ) Sin (   ) 
Force (KN) LA (m) M (KNm) Sin 2  Sin (    ) 1  
EP h = 1327.3 3.158 4192.0 KNm  Sin (    ) Sin (   ) 
FP v = 483.09 -0.75 -362.3 KNm

4.Braking Lane Factor Force

1000 KN 1 0.2 200.0 KN
Wt of the 70 R
0 KN 1 0.1 0.0 KN
554 KN 2 0.2 221.6 KN
Wt. of the class A
27 KN 2 0.1 5.40 KN
Point of application of load= 1.2 m above deck
Braking L = 227.0 KN 5.47 m (LA) 1241.69 KNm
5.Temperature
Temperature variation 30 ˚C
Coeff. Of thermal expansion(α)= 0.0000120 m/ ˚C / m
Length= 40 m
strain due to shrinkage 0.0002000
Thermal Elongation = 0.0144000 m
shrinkage Elongation = 0.0080000 m
Total strain due to temp. and shrinkage= 0.0112000
Shear Rating of elastomer bearing = 1000 KN/m/m2 IRC 83, Part 2
Area of bearing= 0.235644
Ht. of bearing= 0.0340 substracting all the plates
No of bearing = 3
Force= 79.20 KN
Force on each abutment 237.60 KN 5.470 m (LA) 1299.67 KNm

6. LL Surcharge
Ka = 0.297 ɣ= 20.0 KN/m3
h= 1.200 m Pressure = 7.136 KN/m2

Force = 450.78 KN 3.91 m (LA) 1762.56 KNm

7.Seismic Loads
Zone Factor = 0.36 Imp Factor = 1.2 Response reduction factor = 3
Z/2/I*Sa/g= 0.54 Sa/g = 2.5
A h= 0.18 g

A. Abutment Self Load Wt H. Force(KN) Ht.(m) Moment

stem(rect) 1126.44 202.76 2.24 453.2
stem(tria) 140.81 25.34 1.49 37.8
cap 183.75 33.08 4.72 156.1
Backwall 239.40 43.09 6.40 275.6
Stem hunch 14.18 2.55 4.32 11.0
13.13 2.36 7.70 18.2
Back wall front hunch
6.56 1.18 7.49 8.8
13.13 2.36 7.40 17.5
Approach slab hunch
6.56 1.18 7.19 8.5
313.91 986.6
B. Superstructure DL 3315.5 596.79 7.00 4179.5
cg= 5.67 m
LL ( Veh ) Not taken Clause 219.5.2 (i)

C. Due to backfill

Sin 2 (      ' )
 kh  Ka 
 '  tan  1   
Cos ' Sin  Sin(    '  ) 1 
2 Sin(   ) Sin(   '  ) 

2

 1  kv   Sin(    '  ) Sin(   ) 

Av= 0.12
β= 90 ° q'= 0.1594 rad. 0.2018
Ф= 30 ° α= 0°
ɣ= 20 KN/m3 δ= 20.00 °
Ca ( seismic )= 0.467 h= 7.520 m
Ca-Ka= 0.169 B= 8.40 m
EP Pressure seismic = 25.45 KN/m2
Seismic force due to backfill = 803.88 KN 3.760 m (LA) 3022.59 KNm

D. Dynamic surcharge:
Force= 256.56 KN 5.161 m (LA) 1324.14 KNm

A2.Summary of Loads
Unfactored From Table B2 : IRC 6-2017
Forces(KN) Factors (Ultimate Limit State) Loads Factors (Ultimate Limit State) (Moment)
Vertical Horizontal Moment (KNm) Basic Accidental Seismic Basic Accidental Seismic
Abutment Self 1743.9 -442.8 1.35 1.00 1.35 1.00 1.00 1.00
SS DL 3090.5 0.0 1.35 1.00 1.35 1.35 1.00 1.35
SS Surface 225.0 0.0 1.75 1.00 1.75 1.75 1.00 1.75
SS LL 1112.0 0.0 1.50 1.15 0 1.50 1.15 0
EPH 1327.3 4192.0 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.00
EPV 483.1 -362.3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
L Surcharge (H) 450.8 1762.6 1.20 0.20 0.20 1.20 0.20 0.20
Braking 227.0 1241.7 1.50 0.75 0.00 1.50 0.75 0.00
Temperature 237.6 1299.7 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00
Seismic Loads
Superstr. DL 596.8 4179.5 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50
Abutment DL 313.9 986.6 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50
Earth pressure 803.9 3022.6 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50
Dyn. Surcharge 256.6 1324.1 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50

Factored (Basic Combination) Factored (Accidental Combination) Factored (Seismic Combination)

Forces(KN) Forces(KN) Forces(KN) Moment
Moment (KNm) Moment (KNm)
Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal (KNm)
Abutment Self 2354.3 0.0 -442.8 1743.9 0.00 -442.8 2354.3 0.0 -442.77
SS DL 4172.1 0.0 0.0 3090.5 0.00 0.0 4172.1 0.0 0.00
SS Surface 393.8 0.0 0.0 225.0 0.00 0.0 393.8 0.0 0.00
SS LL 1668.0 0.0 0.0 1278.8 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00
EPH 0.0 1990.9 6288.1 0.0 1327.27 4192.0 0.0 1327.3 4192.04
EPV 483.1 0.0 -362.3 483.1 0.00 -362.3 483.1 0.0 -362.31
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 540.9 2115.1 0.0 90.16 352.5 0.0 90.2 352.51
 Braking 0.0 340.5 1862.5 0.0 170.25 931.3 0.0 0.0 0.00
Temperature 0.0 356.4 1949.5 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00
Seismic Loads Seismic Loads Seismic Loads
Superstr. DL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 895.2 6269.24
Abutment DL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 470.9 1479.94
Earth pressure 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1205.8 4533.88
Surcharge 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 384.8 1986.21
9071.3 3228.7 11410.1 6821.3 1588 4671 7403 4374 18009

A2.Structural Design

Ac = 12.6 0.1
fcd = 13.38
Axial Load = 16858.8 KN
Max Axial Load = 9071.3 KN
So, this abutment can be designed as a slab / flexure member
Design of Abutment stem
Calculation of limiting values
Ecu,2 0.0035 0.002175 0.416 Xu= 358.27 mm
Xu = 861 mm 0.446 Fck= 13.38 N/mm2
M= 30 MPa d= 1396.5 mm
D= 1500 Clear cover= 75 mm
β 1= 0.80952 Effective cover= 103.5 mm 1500
β 2= 0.41597 bw= 8400 mm
C 78362.1 KN Cg from steel level = 1,038.2 mm
Mulim = 81,358.23 KNm 8400
For Design Moment = 18008.73 KNm
Xu,actual = 148 mm 0.416 Xu= 61.68 mm
M= 30 MPa 0.446 Fck= 13.38 N/mm2
D= 1500 mm d= 1396.5 mm
β 1= 0.80952 assumed cover= 103.5 mm
β 2= 0.41597 bw= 8400 mm
C= 13491.5 KN Cg from steel level = 1,334.8 mm
Mulim = 18,008.7 KNm (0.00) Check
Fe 500
Fyd= 434.78
Steel required= 31030.52 mm2
Tensile steel as per code
0.26 Fctm= 2.50
Fyk = 500.00 0.0013003211032
Min. AS.min= 0.00130
Area of steel = 15253.5467 mm2 Min Ast required
For Maximum Ast
A c= 12600000 mm2 0.025 Ac = 315000 mm2 OK Max Ast
Provided reinforcement
Required Ast 25 490.87 131.69 mm c/c spacing 31,030.52 mm 2
OK Ast check
Provided Ast 25 490.87 125.00 mm c/c spacing 32,664.71 mm2 OK Crack check
Check For Shear OK Shear check
Minimum Axial (V) = 6821 KN
A c= 11730600 mm2 σcp = 0.581
Ast= 32,665 mm2 bw = 8400 mm
Fck= 30 MPa d= 1396.5 mm
K = 1.37843782 ρ 1= 0.0028 <= 0.02
τmin = 0.2748 vRd,c, min= 0.362
τ= 0.3968 vRd.c = 0.3968
VR,dc= 4,655.1 KN > 4374 KN
Shear design not required,Provide
minimum shear reinforcement

fck= 30 N/mm2 for σcp values(in between) αcw

fcd= 13.4
z= 1,334.8 mm = 0.00 1
αcw= 1.043 0.00 3.35 1.04339524
Applied shear force, VED= 4374.1 KN 3.35 6.70 1.25
Applied shear stress, vED= 0.390 N/mm2 6.70 13.40 2.3915119
v1=0.6(1-fck/310)= 0.542 N/mm2
Max. allowable shear αcw0.225*
3.8168 Section is OK
stress for ⊖=45° v1*fck=
Shear stress for for ϑ=21.8°, αcw0.155*v1*fck= 2.629
ϑ=0.5*sin-1[vED/0.225v1fck)= 2.933 degree
Determine ϑ, ϑ= 21.8 degree
Provide 16 mm dia. 16.0 legged
Spacing = 500 mm
Asw= 3216.99 mm2
Fe= 500.00 N/mm2
fywd = 434.78 mm
 Spacing required ,S= 1,067.15 mm OK

Shear Reinforcement
Provide 16 mm dia. 16.0 legged
Spacing = 500 mm
Asw= 3216.99 mm2
Fyk= 500.00 N/mm2
ρw= 0.06216 Eq. 16.4
Minimum Shear ρmin = 0.00423 OK

A4. SLS Check

Load factor for serviceability Limit State

Frequent Quasi
Rare Combination
Normal Vertical Horizontal Moment (KNm) Combination Combination
Abutment Self 1743.9 0.0 -442.8 1.00 1.00 1.00
SS DL 3090.5 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
SS Surface 225.0 0.0 0.0 1.20 1.20 1.20
SS LL 1112.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.75 0.00
EPH 0.0 1327.3 4192.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
EPV 483.1 0.0 -362.3 1.00 1.00 1.00
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 450.8 1762.6 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking 0.0 227.0 1241.7 0.75 0.00 0.00
Temperature 0.0 237.6 1299.7 1.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Loads
Superstr. DL 0.0 596.8 4179.5 0.00 0.00 0.00
Abutment DL 0.0 313.9 986.6 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth pressure 0.0 803.9 3022.6 0.00 0.00 0.00

Factored( Non Seismic/Structure )

V (Quasi) V (Rare) V (Frequent) H (Quasi) H (Rare) H (Frequent) M (Quasi) M (Rare) M (Frequent)
Abutment Self 1743.9 1743.95 1743.95 0.0 0.0 0.0 -442.8 -442.8 -442.8
SS DL 3090.5 3090.48 3090.48 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
SS Surface 270.0 270.00 270.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
SS LL 0.0 1111.99 833.99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
EPH 0.0 0.00 0.00 1327.3 1327.3 1327.3 4192.0 4192.0 4192.0
EPV 483.1 483.09 483.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 -362.3 -362.3 -362.3
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Braking 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 170.3 0.0 0.0 931.3 0.0
Temperature 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 237.6 0.0 0.0 1299.7 0.0
Seismic Loads 0.0 0.0
Superstr. DL 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abutment DL 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Earth pressure 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5587.5 6699.5 6421.5 1327.3 1735.1 1327.3 3387.0 5617.9 3387.0

A41. Stress Check

A41a. Short Term Stress Check
FOR RARE COMBO:
Axial Load = 6699.50 KN
Bending Moment = 5617.89 KNm
Area of Steel provided ( Ast ) = 32,665 mm2 Bw= 8400.00 mm
H= 1,500 mm
Gross area of Concrete, Ag = 12,600,000 N/mm2
Net area of Concrete, Ac = 12,567,335 mm2
Clear Cover, d' = 75 mm
Effective Depth of abutment, d = 1396.50 mm
Ecm/Eeff = 31186.57 MPa ( N/mm2 )
Es = 200000 MPa ( N/mm2 )
fcm= fck+10 = 40.00
Fct,eff= 2.50
X= 750.00 (Assuming uncracked Section)
MOI, I= 2,362,500,000,000.00 mm4

Check for cracked section,

sbot = 1.78 < fctm = 2.50 Section is Uncracked

a) Check for Stresses assuming short term creep and elastic modulus

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 31187 MPa ( N/mm2 )

As*Es = 6,532,941,923.14
depth of compression, dc= 240.15

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 49,724,512,600.49 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 4.2309 < 14.40 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 130.6444 < 400.00 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

FOR QUASI COMBO:

Axial Load = 5587.51 KN
Bending Moment = 3386.95 KNm
 b) Check for Stresses assuming short term creep and elastic modulus

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 31187 MPa ( N/mm2 )

As*Es = 6,532,941,923.14
depth of compression, dc= 240.15

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 49,724,512,600.49 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 2.5507 < 10.80 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 78.7638 < 300.00 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

A41b. Long Term Stress Check

Nominal size= 2Ac/u = 1,272.73 mm
RH = 70.00
Age of Loading = 28 Days

f= 2.2000 Interpolate between RH 50 & 80)

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 9745.8045 MPa ( N/mm2 )

depth of compression, dc= 399.0034 mm

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 9746 MPa ( N/mm2 )
As*Es = 6,532,941,923.14

FOR RARE COMBO:

Axial Load = 6699.50 KN
Bending Moment = 5617.89 KNm
Cracked Section MOI, in steel units
I= 41,168,502,854.08 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 2.6532 < 14.40 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 136.1193 < 400.00 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

FOR QUASI COMBO:

Axial Load = 5587.51 KN
Bending Moment = 3386.95 KNm

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 41,168,502,854.08 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 1.5996 < 10.80 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 82.0646 < 300.00 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

A41c. Crack Width

FOR QUASI COMBO: (For RCC Structure)
Bending Moment for Crack width check= 3386.95 KNm
Area of Steel provided ( As )= 32,665 Bw= 8400.00 mm
ρ1,eff= 0.0150 Hc,eff = 259
H= 1,500 mm 420
d= 1396.5 mm 750
Es = 200000 MPa ( N/mm2 ) Ac,eff = 2173500
Fct,eff= 2.50
Kt= 0.50
c= 75 mm
Short Term Long Term
Ec eff = 31187 9745.8045 MPa ( N/mm2 )
dc= 240.15 399.0034 mm
Lever Arm = 1,156 997.50 mm
Second Moment of I= 4.97E+10 4.12E+10 mm4
Actual Stress(σsc)= 78.76 82.06 N/mm2
α e= 6.413 20.522
0.6 σsc/Es = 0.0002363 0.0002462
εsm - εcm = 0.000236 0.0002461936573
Sr,max= 537.794 537.79372780832 mm
Crack width = 0.1271 0.1324 mm OK < 0.3mm for moderate case
A5.Vertical Reinforcement

Stem W = 1500 Ac = 1500000

Stem L = 1000
And 0.0012 of Ac = 1800
Ф= A b= Spacing =
Using 12 mm 113 63
16 mm 201 112
20 mm 314 175
Adopt 20 mm @ 150 mm c/c
Ast provided= 2094.40 mm2 OK

A6.Horizontal Reinforcement

Per meter
Vertical main 25 mm dia @ 125.00 mm c/c spacing 6021.39
Horizontal = 25 % Ast = 1505.35
Stem w = 1500 0.001 Ac = 1500.00
Stem Ht = 1000 Half = 750
Spacing =
Using 12 mm 113 150
16 mm 201 267
20 mm 314 417
Adopt 16 mm @ 175 mm c/c
Ast provided= 1148.93 mm2 OK

Check: Ast provided rear face= 3,888.66 mm2

Ast provided at front face= 2,094.40 mm2
allowable Maximum reinforcement= 60000 OK
allowable Minimum reinforcement at rear face= 1800 OK

A7.Design of Abutment Cap

Codal Provision for Cap Reinforcement

Providing minimum area of steel @ 1% assuming cap thickness 225 mm, area of steel required /m of cap = 2250 mm2(for both top and bottom layer).
As per IRC:78-2014, Clause 710.8.7
reinforcement provided barΦ 16.00 mm @ 175.00 mm c/c. Steel area= 1436.157 mm2
at both top and bottom layers in both ways, giving area of steel, Ast = 2872.313 mm2
As per IRC:78-2014, Clause 710.10.4the two layers of mesh reinforcement, one at 20 mm from top and the other at 100 mm from top of pedestal
or abutment cap each consisting of 8 mm φ bars @ 100 mm c/c in both directions, shall be provided directly under the bearings.

Abutment Cap Design when Cap Cantilevering is not significant: Signicicancy: Insignificant

Vertical Load:
Main Bar = 16.00 mm
Clear Cover = 40.00 mm
Main Bar Spacing = 175.00 mm
Cap Depth = 500.00 mm 40.5
Self Weight of cantilever Cap = 10.50 kN 4698
Superstructure DL on Cap= 3315.48 kN 420
Superstructure PL on Cap= 148.80 kN 5158.5
Superstructure VL on Cap= 0.00 kN
% tensile steel area, pt = 0.33%
Factored Load Over Abutment Cap = 4714.85 kN

Abutment Cap Design when Cap Cantilevering is significant: Signicicancy: Insignificant and NA

Vertical Load:
Main Bar = 16.00 mm
Main Bar Spacing = 100000.00 mm
% Load in Cantilever Portion = 0.00% 40.5
Factored Load Over Abutment Cap = 0.00 kN
Effective Depth Adopted , d = 452.00 mm

Shear Stress Check:

Horizontal force with FOS = 0.00 kN Simply supported assumed, FO1.5

 Design shear stess/m width, VED = 0.000 N/mm2 Note: Approximate Method of Analysis
Axial Compressive Stress, scp = 0.000 N/mm2
reinforcement ration, r1 = Ast/bwd = 0.000 <= 0.02
K= 1.6652 <= 2
vRd,c, min= 0.365 N/mm2
vRd.c = 0.000 N/mm2
t= 0.3649 > 0.00
VR,dc= 164.91 kN > 0.00

Shear design not required,Provide

minimum shear reinforcement

Check for bearing Stresses

The allowable bearing pressure with nearly uniform distribution on the loaded area of a footing or base under a bearing or column shall be
given by following equation,

Characteristics strength, fck = 30 N/mm2

Pedestal height, h = 0.25 m
Superstructure DL on bearing = 1105.16 kN
Superstructure PL on bearing = 49.60 kN
Superstructure VL on bearing = 0.00 kN
Total vertical load on bearing = 1154.76 kN
Design strength of pedestal fcd = 12.6 N/mm2
Load width b1 = 0.85 m
Loaded width d1 = 0.65 m
Load distribution b2 1.15 m < 2.55 3b1
Load distribution d2 0.95 m < 1.95 3d1
b2 - b1 = 0.30 m > 0.15
d2 - d1 = 0.30 m > 0.15
Loaded area Aco = 0.5525 mm2
Load dispersed area Acl = 1.0925 mm2
Ratio of areas Acl/Aco = 1.98 < 9
Maximum permissible load FRdu,max = 3Acofcd = 20884.50 kN
Pedestal capacity FRdu1 = Acofcd(Acl/Aco) = 9789.20 kN

Permissible load FRdu = Min(FRdu,FRdu,max) = 9789.20 kN > 1154.76 kN OK

A8. Design of RCC Stoppers:

Base width or thk of stopper, b1 0.50 m

Top width or thk of stopper, b2 0.30 m
Height above abutment cap, h1 1.00 m
Length of stopper, l = 1.20 m
No. of bearing Stopper = 2

vertical load above abutment ca 3538.97 kN

Factored Horizontal force on sto 637.01 kN @ 18% of vertical load above abutment cap

For additional factor of safety, assuming an extra lateral force in excess of frictional
Clear cover to reinforcement 40.00 mm
Factored resistance in worst cas 106.17 kN frictional coefficient for worst case R = 0.030
Difference in Load = 530.85 kN
Factored Moment at base of stop 382.21 kN-m
Effective depth Provided = 460.00 mm

For Design Moment = 382.21 KNm

Xu,actual = 75 mm 0.416 Xu= 31.35 mm
M= 30 MPa 0.446 Fck= 12.6 N/mm2
D= 500 mm d= 460.00 mm
β1= 0.80952 assumed cover= 40.00 mm
β2= 0.41597 bw= 1200 mm
C= 922.4 KN Cg from steel level = 428.7 mm
Mulim = 395.4 KNm
Fe 500 (13.18)
Fyd= 434.78
Steel required= 2121.52 mm2
Tensile steel as per code
0.26 Fctm= 2.50
Fyk = 500.00 0.0013003211
Min. AS.min= 0.00130
Area of steel = 717.777248959 mm2 Min Ast required
For Maximum Ast
Ac= 600000 mm2 0.025 Ac = 15000 mm2 OK Max Ast
Provided reinforcement
Required Ast 20 314.16 194.68 mm c/c spacing 2,121.52 mm2 OK
Provided Ast 20 314.16 150.00 mm c/c spacing 2,659.88 mm2

Total Number of Bars Required = 9.00 Nos.

Check For Shear

Minimum Axial (V) = 531 KN
Ac= 552000 mm2 σcp = 0.962
Ast= 2,660 mm2 bw = 1200 mm
Fck= 30 MPa d= 460.00 mm
K= 1.9901 ρ1= 0.0048 <= 0.02
τmin = 0.4767 vRd,c, min= 0.621
τ= 0.6799 vRd.c = 0.6799
VR,dc= 375.3 KN > 531 KN

Shear Design

fck= 30 N/mm2 for σcp values(in between) αcw

fcd= 13.4
z= 428.7 mm = 0.00 1
αcw= 1.072 0.00 3.35 1.0717669
Applied shear force, VED= 530.8 KN 3.35 6.70 1.25
Applied shear stress, vED= 1.032 N/mm2 6.70 13.40 2.3205827
v1=0.6(1-fck/310)= 0.542 N/mm2
Max. allowable shear stress for αcw0.225*
3.9206 Section is OK
⊖=45° v1*fck=
Shear stress for for ϑ=21.8°, αcw0.155*v1*fck= 2.701
ϑ=0.5*sin-1[vED/0.225v1fck)= 7.631 degree
Determine ϑ, ϑ= 21.8 degree
Provide 12 mm dia. 4.0 legged
Spacing = 300 mm
Asw= 452.39 mm2
Fe= 500.00 N/mm2
fywd = 434.78 mm
Spacing required ,S= 397.09 mm OK

Shear Reinforcement
Provide 12 mm dia. 4.0 legged
Spacing = 300 mm
Asw= 452.39 mm2
Fyk= 500.00 N/mm2
ρw= 0.00126 Eq. 16.4
Minimum Shear ρmin = 0.00079 OK
 Sub Soil Parameter for modelling
( Considering normally loaded clay / loose sand)
Medium Dense sand ( sub-merged ) 2500.0 KN/m/m2 hh

Total pile length = 20 m

Pile Dia 1.00 m

Scour depth = 0.00 m

( below pile cap below )

MoI= 0.0490874
Remaining depth of pile = 20.00 m E= 2.96E+07 KN/m2
T= 3.5711 m

2.300
2.200
2.100
2.000
1.900
1.800
1.700
1.600
1.500
1.400
1.300
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Fixed head normal 2T = 7.14 m

L1/T 4T= 14.28 m
0 2.200
2 1.950 Proposed length of the pile = 20.00
4 1.870 Scour Depth ( L1) = e = 0.00
6 1.840 L1 / T = 0.00
8 1.825 Lf/T = 2.20
10 1.820 Lf=Zf= 7.86

Loads from pier / pile cap base ( Considering fixed head )

P H Deflection Moment
1414.79 186.89 0.0052 1468.3
1505.07 351.15 0.0098 2758.8
1405.05 294.67 0.0082 2315.1
Design of Pile Foundation
Material and Properties:
Grade of concrete= M35 Characteristic strength(fck)= 35 N/mm2
Reinforcement= Fe500 Yield stress of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2017:
Concrete (Reinforced) 25.0 KN/m3
Backfill 20.0 KN/m3 IRC 6-2017, Chapter 1

Pile Load
Pile Configuration
No. of pile on longitudinal direction = 3 A1.Summary of Loads at abutment Base
No. of pile on Transverse direction = 4 Unfactored
Total No. of Piles = 12 Forces(KN) Moment
Diameter of Pile = 1.0 m Vertical Horizontal (KNm)

Required minimum spacing of pile for Abutment Self 1743.9 0.0 -442.8
3.0 m
full capacity load 3*d= SS DL 3090.5 0.0 0.0
Spacing of pile in Longitudinal = 3.0 m Ok SS Surface 225.0 0.0 0.0
Spacing of pile in Transverse = 3.0 m Ok SS LL 1112.0 0.0 0.0
Length of Pile = 20.0 m EPH 0.0 1327.3 4192.0
Thickness of Pile cap = 1.50 m EPV 483.1 0.0 -362.3
Edge Distance of pile = 0.30 m LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 450.8 1762.6
Size of Pile Cap Braking 0.0 227.0 1241.7
in transverse direction (L) = 10.60 m Temperature 0.0 237.6 1299.7
in longitudinal direction (B) = 7.60 m Seismic Loads
Height of abutment = 7.820 m Superstr. DL 596.8 4179.5
Base of abutment = 1.50 m Abutment DL 313.9 986.6
Earth pressure 803.9 3022.6
Additional Loads on Pile Cap = 3021.00 kN Dyn. Surcharge 256.6 1324.1
Additional Loads of Pile = 753.98 kN
Backfill load on Pile Cap = 4862.43 kN

Eccentricity of abutment on pile cap (ex) = 0.0 m

Eccentricity of abutment on pile cap (ey) = 0.0 m

A2.Summary of Loads at Pile cap Baae

Unfactored
Forces(KN) Moment Factors for load combination
Vertical Horizontal (KNm) B+L B+L+S B+S
Abutment Self 1743.9 0.0 -442.8 1.00 1.00 1.00
SS DL 3090.5 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
SS Surface 225.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
SS LL 1112.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
EPH 0.0 1327.3 4192.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
EPV 483.1 0.0 -362.3 1.00 0.00 1.00
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 450.8 1762.6 1.00 1.00 0.00
Braking 0.0 227.0 1241.7 1.00 1.00 0.00
Temperature 0.0 237.6 1299.7 1.00 1.00 1.00
Seismic Loads
Superstr. DL 596.8 4179.5 0.00 1.00 1.00
Abutment DL 313.9 986.6 0.00 1.00 1.00
Earth pressure 803.9 3022.6 0.00 1.00 1.00
Dyn. Surcharge 256.6 1324.1 0.00 1.00 1.00
Pile cap Self wt. 3021.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
Additional Pile wt 754.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
Backfill 4862.4 0.0 -11062.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
15291.9 4213.8 6141.7

(B+L Combination) (Comb: I) (B+L+S Combination) (Comb: II) (B+S Combination) (Comb: III)
Forces(KN) Moment Forces(KN) Forces(KN) Moment
Moment (KNm)
Vertical Horizontal (KNm) Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal (KNm)
Abutment Self 1743.95 0.00 -442.77 1743.95 0.00 -442.77 1743.95 0.00 -442.77
SS DL 3090.48 0.00 0.00 3090.48 0.00 0.00 3090.48 0.00 0.00
SS Surface 225.00 0.00 0.00 225.00 0.00 0.00 225.00 0.00 0.00
SS LL 1111.99 0.00 0.00 1111.99 0.00 0.00 1111.99 0.00 0.00
EPH 0.00 1327.27 4192.04 0.00 1327.27 4192.04 0.00 1327.27 4192.04
EPV 483.09 0.00 -362.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 483.09 0.00 -362.31
LL Surcharge (H) 0.00 450.78 1762.56 0.00 450.78 1762.56 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking 0.00 227.00 1241.69 0.00 227.00 1241.69 0.00 0.00 0.00
Temperature 0.00 237.60 1299.67 0.00 237.60 1299.67 0.00 237.60 1299.67
0 Seismic Loads Seismic Loads Seismic Loads
Superstr. DL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 596.79 4179.49 0.00 596.79 4179.49
Abutment DL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 313.91 986.62 0.00 313.91 986.62
Earth pressure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 803.88 3022.59 0.00 803.88 3022.59
Dyn. Surcharge 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 256.56 1324.14 0.00 256.56 1324.14
Pile cap Self wt. 3021.00 0.00 0.00 3021.00 0.00 0.00 3021.00 0.00 0.00
Additional Pile wt 753.98 0.00 0.00 753.98 0.00 0.00 753.98 0.00 0.00
Backfill 4862.43 0.00 -11062.03 4862.43 0.00 -11062.03 4862.43 0.00 -11062.03
15291.9 2242.6 -3371.2 14808.8 4214 6504 15292 3536 3137

Summary of Loads P H M
1 Combi: I 15291.915 2242.6 -3371.2
2 Combi: II 14808.829 4214 6504
3 Combi: III 15291.915 3536 3137
 Pile L T L2 T2 For Combi: I
1 -3.0 -4.5 9 20.25 Load Due to
Pile Total Load
2 0.0 -4.5 0 20.25 P H M
3 3.0 -4.5 9 20.25 1 1274.326 186.887 140.465 1414.791
4 -3.0 -1.5 9 2.25 2 1274.326 186.887 0.000 1274.326
5 0.0 -1.5 0 2.25 3 1274.326 186.887 -140.465 1133.861
6 3.0 -1.5 9 2.25 4 1274.326 186.887 140.465 1414.791
7 -3.0 1.5 9 2.25 5 1274.326 186.887 0.000 1274.326
8 0.0 1.5 0 2.25 6 1274.326 186.887 -140.465 1133.861
9 3.0 1.5 9 2.25 7 1274.326 186.887 140.465 1414.791
10 -3.0 4.5 9 20.25 8 1274.326 186.887 0.000 1274.326
11 0.0 4.5 0 20.25 9 1274.326 186.887 -140.465 1133.861
12 3.0 4.5 9 20.25 10 1274.326 186.887 140.465 1414.791
13 11 1274.326 186.887 0.000 1274.326
14 12 1274.326 186.887 -140.465 1133.861
15 13
16 14
17 15
18 16
19 17
20 18
21 19
22 20
23 21
24 22
25 23
72.00 135.00 24
25

For Combi: II For Combi: III

Load Due to Load Due to
Pile Total Load Pile Total Load
P H M P H M
1 1234.069 351.149 -271.000 963.069 1 1274.326 294.667 -130.727 1143.600
2 1234.069 351.149 0.000 1234.069 2 1274.326 294.667 0.000 1274.326
3 1234.069 351.149 271.000 1505.069 3 1274.326 294.667 130.727 1405.053
4 1234.069 351.149 -271.000 963.069 4 1274.326 294.667 -130.727 1143.600
5 1234.069 351.149 0.000 1234.069 5 1274.326 294.667 0.000 1274.326
6 1234.069 351.149 271.000 1505.069 6 1274.326 294.667 130.727 1405.053
7 1234.069 351.149 -271.000 963.069 7 1274.326 294.667 -130.727 1143.600
8 1234.069 351.149 0.000 1234.069 8 1274.326 294.667 0.000 1274.326
9 1234.069 351.149 271.000 1505.069 9 1274.326 294.667 130.727 1405.053
10 1234.069 351.149 -271.000 963.069 10 1274.326 294.667 -130.727 1143.600
11 1234.069 351.149 0.000 1234.069 11 1274.326 294.667 0.000 1274.326
12 1234.069 351.149 271.000 1505.069 12 1274.326 294.667 130.727 1405.053
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 24
25 25

Summary of Extremly Loaded Pile:

Allowable Pile capacity

Summary of Loads P (kN) H (kN)
(From Geotech)
1 Combi: I 1414.791 186.89 1610.00 kN OK
2 Combi: II 1505.069 351.15 2012.50 kN OK
3 Combi: III 1405.053 294.67 2012.50 kN OK

1 Pile Cap Design

Unfactored

Forces(KN) Moment Factors (Ultimate Limit State) Factors (Ultimate Limit

(KNm) Loads State) (Moment)
Vertical Horizontal Basic Seismic Basic Seismic
Abutment Self 1743.9 0.0 -442.8 1.35 1.35 1.00 1.00
SS DL 3090.5 0.0 0.0 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
SS Surface 225.0 0.0 0.0 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
SS LL 1112.0 0.0 0.0 1.50 0 1.50 0
EPH 0.0 1327.3 4192.0 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00
EPV 483.1 0.0 -362.3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 450.8 1762.6 1.20 0.20 1.20 0.20
Braking 0.0 227.0 1241.7 1.50 0.00 1.50 0.00
Temperature 0.0 237.6 1299.7 1.50 0.00 1.50 0.00
Seismic Loads
Superstr. DL 0.0 596.8 4179.5 0.00 1.50 0.00 1.50
Abutment DL 0.0 313.9 986.6 0.00 1.50 0.00 1.50
Earth pressure 0.0 803.9 3022.6 0.00 1.50 0.00 1.50
Dyn. Surcharge 0.0 256.6 1324.1 0.00 1.50 0.00 1.50
Pile cap Self wt. 3021.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Additional Pile wt 754.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Backfill 4862.4 0.0 -11062.0 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00
15291.9 4213.8 6141.7
 Factored (Basic Combination) Factored (Seismic Combination)
Forces(KN) Moment Forces(KN)
Moment (KNm)
Vertical Horizontal (KNm) Vertical Horizontal
Abutment Self 2354.3 0.0 -442.8 2354.3 0.0 -442.8
SS DL 4172.1 0.0 0.0 4172.1 0.0 0.0
SS Surface 393.8 0.0 0.0 393.8 0.0 0.0
SS LL 1668.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
EPH 0.0 1990.9 6288.1 0.0 1327.3 4192.0
EPV 483.1 0.0 -362.3 483.1 0.0 -362.3
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 540.9 2115.1 0.0 90.2 352.5
Braking 0.0 340.5 1862.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Temperature 0.0 356.4 1949.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Seismic Seismic
Superstr. DL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895.2 6269.2
Abutment DL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470.9 1479.9
Earth pressure 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1205.8 4533.9
Dyn. Surcharge 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 384.8 1986.2
Pile cap Self wt. 3021.0 0.0 0.0 3021.0 0.0 0.0
Additional Pile wt 754.0 0.0 0.0 754.0 0.0 0.0
Backfill 7293.6 0.0 -16593.0 4862.4 0.0 -11062.0
20139.9 3228.7 -5183.0 16040.7 4374.1 6946.7

Pile Distribution
Pile L T L2 T2
1 -3.0 -4.5 9 20.25
2 0.0 -4.5 0 20.25
3 3.0 -4.5 9 20.25
4 -3.0 -1.5 9 2.25
5 0.0 -1.5 0 2.25
6 3.0 -1.5 9 2.25
7 -3.0 1.5 9 2.25
8 0.0 1.5 0 2.25
9 3.0 1.5 9 2.25
10 -3.0 4.5 9 20.25
11 0.0 4.5 0 20.25
12 3.0 4.5 9 20.25
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
72.00 135.00
Load Distribution on Piles
For Basic Combination For Seismic Combination
Load Due to Load Due to
Pile Total Load Pile Total Load
P H M P H M
1 1678.327 269.06164 215.957 1894.284 1 1336.727 364.510289223 -289.446 1047.281
2 1678.327 269.06164 0.000 1678.327 2 1336.727 364.510289223 0.000 1336.727
3 1678.327 269.06164 -215.957 1462.370 3 1336.727 364.510289223 289.446 1626.173
4 1678.327 269.06164 215.957 1894.284 4 1336.727 364.510289223 -289.446 1047.281
5 1678.327 269.06164 0.000 1678.327 5 1336.727 364.510289223 0.000 1336.727
6 1678.327 269.06164 -215.957 1462.370 6 1336.727 364.510289223 289.446 1626.173
7 1678.327 269.06164 215.957 1894.284 7 1336.727 364.510289223 -289.446 1047.281
8 1678.327 269.06164 0.000 1678.327 8 1336.727 364.510289223 0.000 1336.727
9 1678.327 269.06164 -215.957 1462.370 9 1336.727 364.510289223 289.446 1626.173
10 1678.327 269.06164 215.957 1894.284 10 1336.727 364.510289223 -289.446 1047.281
11 1678.327 269.06164 0.000 1678.327 11 1336.727 364.510289223 0.000 1336.727
12 1678.327 269.06164 -215.957 1462.370 12 1336.727 364.510289223 289.446 1626.173
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 24
25 25

Calculation of BM at abutment Wall

For Toe
Basic Combination Seismic Combination
Load Lever arm Moment Load Lever arm Moment
1894.284 2.25 4262.139 1626.173 2.25 3658.889
0.000 0 0 0.000 0 0
Total Moment 4262.139 Total Moment 3658.889
 For Heel
Basic Combination Seismic Combination
Load Lever arm Moment Load Lever arm Moment
1359.856 2.25 3059.676 817.808 2.25 1840.068
0.000 0 0 0 0
Total Moment 3059.676 Total Moment 1840.068

A2.Structural Design

Characteristic Strength (fck) = 35 N/mm2

Yield stress of steel (fy) = 500 N/mm2
Overall depth of Pile Cap = 1500 mm
Width of Pile Cap in transverse dirn= 10.60 m
Width of Pile Cap in longitudinal dirn= 7.60 m
Ac = 15.9 0.1
fcd = 15.61
Axial Load = 24819.9 KN
Max Axial Load = 20139.9 KN
So, this abutment can be designed as a slab / flexure member
Design of Abutment stem
Calculation of limiting values
Ecu,2 0.0035 0.002175 0.416 Xu= 358.27 mm
Xu = 861 mm 0.446 Fck= 15.61 N/mm2
M= 35 MPa d= 1396.5 mm
D= 1500 Clear cover= 75 mm
β 1= 0.80952 Effective cover= 103.5 mm 1500
β 2= 0.41597 bw= 10600 mm
C 115366.4 KN Cg from steel level = 1,038.2 mm
Mulim = 119,777.40 KNm 10600
For Design Moment = 17048.56 KNm
Xu,actual = 95 mm 0.416 Xu= 39.37 mm
M= 35 MPa 0.446 Fck= 15.61 N/mm2
D= 1500 mm d= 1396.5 mm
β 1= 0.80952 assumed cover= 103.5 mm
β 2= 0.41597 bw= 10600 mm
C= 12677.8 KN Cg from steel level = 1,357.1 mm
Mulim = 17,205.5 KNm (156.92) Check
Fe 500
Fyd= 434.78
Steel required= 29159.04 mm2
Tensile steel as per code
0.26 Fctm= 2.77
Fyk = 500.00 0.0014410591
Min. AS.min= 0.00144
Area of steel = 21331.8543261 mm2 Min Ast required
For Maximum Ast
Ac= 15900000 mm2 0.025 Ac = 397500 mm2 OK Max Ast
Provided reinforcement
Required Ast 25 490.87 177.96 mm c/c spacing 29,159.04 mm2 OK Ast check
Provided Ast 25 490.87 125.00 mm c/c spacing 41,304.09 mm2 OK Crack check
OK Shear check
Distribution Bar Max(25As/Ac,0.1)/2 = 0.050% of Ac= Ast= 7950 mm2
Provided reinforcement
Required Ast 16 201.06 192.21 mm c/c spacing 7,950.00 mm2 OK Ast check
Provided Ast 16 201.06 150.00 mm c/c spacing 10,187.14 mm2

Check For Shear

Design Shear Force (V) = 1894 KN
Ac= 14802900 mm2 σcp = 0.128
Ast= 41,304 mm2 bw = 10600 mm
Fck= 35 MPa d= 1396.5 mm
K= 1.378 ρ1 = 0.0028 <= 0.02
τmin = 0.2968 vRd,c, min= 0.316
τ= 0.3452 vRd.c = 0.3452
VR,dc= 5,109.6 KN > 1894 KN

Shear design not required,Provide

minimum shear reinforcement
fck= 35 N/mm2 for σcp values(in between) αcw
fcd= 15.63333333
z= 1,357.1 mm = 0.00 1
αcw= 1.008 0.00 3.91 1.0081855276
Applied shear force, VED= 1894.3 KN 3.91 7.82 1.25
Applied shear stress, vED= 0.132 N/mm2 7.82 15.63 2.479536181
v1=0.6(1-fck/310)= 0.532 N/mm2
Max. allowable shear αcw0.225*
4.2258 Section is OK
stress for ⊖=45° v1*fck=
Shear stress for for ϑ=21.8°, αcw0.155*v1*fck= 2.911
 ϑ=0.5*sin-1[vED/0.225v1fck)= 0.893 degree
Determine ϑ, ϑ= 21.8 degree
Provide 16 mm dia. 26.0 legged
Spacing = 400 mm
Asw= 5227.61 mm2
Fe= 500.00 N/mm2
fywd = 434.78 mm
Spacing required ,S= 4,071.20 mm OK

Minimum Shear Reinforcement

Provide 16 mm dia. 26.0 legged
Spacing = 400 mm
Asw= 5227.61 mm2
Fyk= 500.00 N/mm2
ρw= 0.00123 Eq. 16.4
Minimum Shear ρmin = 0.0008519 OK

A4. SLS Check

Load factor for serviceability Limit State

Forces(KN) Moment Frequent Quasi

Rare Combination
Vertical Horizontal (KNm) Combination Combination
Abutment Self 1743.9 0.0 -442.8 1.00 1.00 1.00
SS DL 3090.5 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
SS Surface 225.0 0.0 0.0 1.20 1.20 1.20
SS LL 1112.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.75 0.00
EPH 0.0 1327.3 4192.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
EPV 483.1 0.0 -362.3 1.00 1.00 1.00
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 450.8 1762.6 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking 0.0 227.0 1241.7 0.75 0.00 0.00
Temperature 0.0 237.6 1299.7 1.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Loads
Superstr. DL 0.0 596.8 4179.5 0.00 0.00 0.00
Abutment DL 0.0 313.9 986.6 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth pressure 0.0 803.9 3022.6 0.00 0.00 0.00
Dyn. Surcharge 0.0 256.6 1324.1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Pile cap Self wt. 3021.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
Additional Pile wt 754.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 1.00 1.00
Backfill 4862.4 0.0 -11062.0 1.00 1.00 1.00

Factored( Non Seismic/Structure )

V (Quasi) V (Rare) V (Frequent) H (Quasi) H (Rare) H (Frequent) M (Quasi) M (Rare) M (Frequent)
Abutment Self 1743.9 1743.95 1743.95 0.0 0.0 0.0 -442.8 -442.8 -442.8
SS DL 3090.5 3090.48 3090.48 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
SS Surface 270.0 270.00 270.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
SS LL 0.0 1111.99 833.99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
EPH 0.0 0.00 0.00 1327.3 1327.3 1327.3 4192.0 4192.0 4192.0
EPV 483.1 483.09 483.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 -362.3 -362.3 -362.3
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Braking 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 170.3 0.0 0.0 931.3 0.0
Temperature 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 237.6 0.0 0.0 1299.7 0.0
Seismic Loads
Superstr. DL 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abutment DL 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Earth pressure 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dyn. Surcharge 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pile cap Self wt. 3021.0 3021.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Additional Pile wt 754.0 753.98 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Backfill 4862.4 4862.43 4862.43 0.0 0.0 0.0 -11062.0 -11062.0 -11062.0
14224.9 15336.9 11283.9 1327.3 1735.1 1327.3 -7675.1 -5444.1 -7675.1

Pile Distribution
Pile L T L2 T2
1 -3.0 -4.5 9 20.25
2 0.0 -4.5 0 20.25
3 3.0 -4.5 9 20.25
4 -3.0 -1.5 9 2.25
5 0.0 -1.5 0 2.25
6 3.0 -1.5 9 2.25
7 -3.0 1.5 9 2.25
8 0.0 1.5 0 2.25
9 3.0 1.5 9 2.25
10 -3.0 4.5 9 20.25
11 0.0 4.5 0 20.25
12 3.0 4.5 9 20.25
13 0.0 0.0
14 0.0 0.0
15 0.0 0.0
16 0.0 0.0
17 0.0 0.0
18 0.0 0.0
19 0.0 0.0
20 0.0 0.0
21 0.0 0.0
22 0.0 0.0
23 0.0 0.0
24 0.0 0.0
25 0 0
72.00 135.00
 Load Distribution on Piles
For Quasi Combination For Rare Combination
Load Due to Load Due to
Pile Total Load Pile Total Load
P H M P H M
1 1185.410 110.60565 319.795 1505.205 1 1278.076 144.593152194 226.839 1504.915
2 1185.410 110.60565 0.000 1185.410 2 1278.076 144.593152194 0.000 1278.076
3 1185.410 110.60565 -319.795 865.615 3 1278.076 144.593152194 -226.839 1051.237
4 1185.410 110.60565 319.795 1505.205 4 1278.076 144.593152194 226.839 1504.915
5 1185.410 110.60565 0.000 1185.410 5 1278.076 144.593152194 0.000 1278.076
6 1185.410 110.60565 -319.795 865.615 6 1278.076 144.593152194 -226.839 1051.237
7 1185.410 110.60565 319.795 1505.205 7 1278.076 144.593152194 226.839 1504.915
8 1185.410 110.60565 0.000 1185.410 8 1278.076 144.593152194 0.000 1278.076
9 1185.410 110.60565 -319.795 865.615 9 1278.076 144.593152194 -226.839 1051.237
10 1185.410 110.60565 319.795 1505.205 10 1278.076 144.593152194 226.839 1504.915
11 1185.410 110.60565 0.000 1185.410 11 1278.076 144.593152194 0.000 1278.076
12 1185.410 110.60565 -319.795 865.615 12 1278.076 144.593152194 -226.839 1051.237
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 24
25 25

For Frequent Combination

Load Due to
Pile Total Load
P H M
1 940.328 110.60565 319.795 1260.123
2 940.328 110.60565 0.000 940.328
3 940.328 110.60565 -319.795 620.533
4 940.328 110.60565 319.795 1260.123
5 940.328 110.60565 0.000 940.328
6 940.328 110.60565 -319.795 620.533
7 940.328 110.60565 319.795 1260.123
8 940.328 110.60565 0.000 940.328
9 940.328 110.60565 -319.795 620.533
10 940.328 110.60565 319.795 1260.123
11 940.328 110.60565 0.000 940.328
12 940.328 110.60565 -319.795 620.533
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Calculation of BM at abutment Wall

For Toe
Quasi Combination Rare Combination Frequent Combination
Load Lever arm Moment Load Lever arm Moment Load Lever arm Moment
1505.205 2.25 3386.712 1504.915 2.25 3386.060 1260.123 2.25 2835.277
0.000 0 0 0.000 0 0 0.000 0 0
Total Moment 3386.712 Total Moment 3386.060 Total Moment 2835.277

For Heel
Quasi Combination Rare Combination Frequent Combination
Load Lever arm Moment Load Lever arm Moment Load Lever arm Moment
1505.205 2.25 3386.712 1504.915 2.25 3386.060 1260.123 2.25 2835.277
0.000 0 0 0.000 0 0 0.000 0 0
Total Moment 3386.712 Total Moment 3386.060 Total Moment 2835.277

A41. Stress Check

A41a. Short Term Stress Check
FOR RARE COMBO:
Axial Load = 1504.92 KN
Bending Moment = 3386.06 KNm
Area of Steel provided ( Ast ) = 41,304 mm2 Bw= 10600.00 mm
H= 1,500 mm
Gross area of Concrete, Ag = 15,900,000 N/mm2
Net area of Concrete, Ac = 15,858,696 mm2
Clear Cover, d' = 75 mm
Effective Depth of abutment, d = 1396.50 mm
Ecm/Eeff = 32308.25 MPa ( N/mm2 )
Es = 200000 MPa ( N/mm2 )
 fcm= fck+10 = 45.00
Fct,eff= 2.77
X= 750.00 (Assuming uncracked Section)
MOI, I= 2,981,250,000,000.00 mm4

Check for cracked section,

sbot = 0.85 < fctm = 2.77 Section is Uncracked

a) Check for Stresses assuming short term creep and elastic modulus

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 32308 MPa ( N/mm2 )

As*Es = 8,260,817,882.61
depth of compression, dc= 236.56

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 63,129,033,872.31 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 2.0497 < 16.80 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 62.2160 < 400.00 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

FOR QUASI COMBO:

Axial Load = 1505.21 KN
Bending Moment = 3386.71 KNm

b) Check for Stresses assuming short term creep and elastic modulus

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 32308 MPa ( N/mm2 )

As*Es = 8,260,817,882.61
depth of compression, dc= 236.56

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 63,129,033,872.31 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 2.0501 < 12.60 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 62.2280 < 300.00 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

A41b. Long Term Stress Check

Nominal size= 2Ac/u = 1,314.05 mm
RH = 70.00
Age of Loading = 28 Days

f= 2.2000 Interpolate between RH 50 & 80)

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 10096.3280 MPa ( N/mm2 )

depth of compression, dc= 393.4982 mm

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 10096 MPa ( N/mm2 )
As*Es = 8,260,817,882.61

FOR RARE COMBO:

Axial Load = 1504.92 KN
Bending Moment = 3386.06 KNm
Cracked Section MOI, in steel units
I= 52,420,351,949.41 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 1.2831 < 16.80 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 64.7883 < 400.00 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

FOR QUASI COMBO:

Axial Load = 1505.21 KN
Bending Moment = 3386.71 KNm

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 52,420,351,949.41 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 1.2834 < 12.60 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 64.8008 < 300.00 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

A41c. Crack Width
FOR QUASI COMBO: (For RCC Structure)
Bending Moment for Crack width check= 3386.71 KNm
Area of Steel provided ( As )= 41,304 Bw= 10600.00 mm
ρ1,eff= 0.01505937086 Hc,eff = 259
H= 1,500 mm 421
d= 1396.50 mm 750
Es = 200000 MPa ( N/mm2 ) Ac,eff = 2742750
Fct,eff= 2.77
K t= 0.50
c= 75 mm
Short Term Long Term
Ec eff = 32308 10096.3280 MPa ( N/mm2 )
dc= 236.56 393.4982 mm
Lever Arm = 1,160 1,003.00 mm
Second Moment of I= 6.31E+10 5.24E+10 mm4
Actual Stress(σsc)= 62.23 64.80 N/mm2
α e= 6.190 19.809
0.6 σsc/Es = 0.0001867 0.0001944
εsm - εcm = 0.000187 0.0001944023
Sr,max= 537.216 537.21630511 mm
Crack width = 0.1003 0.1044 mm OK < 0.3mm for moderate case
Pile Cap Design
Punching Check

Pile Distribution
Y Z Y2 Z2
1 -3.0 -4.5 9.0 20.3
2 0.0 -4.5 0.0 20.3
3 3.0 -4.5 9.0 20.3
4 -3.0 -1.5 9.0 2.3
5 0.0 -1.5 0.0 2.3
6 3.0 -1.5 9.0 2.3
7 -3.0 1.5 9.0 2.3
8 0.0 1.5 0.0 2.3
9 3.0 1.5 9.0 2.3
10 -3.0 4.5 9.0 20.3
11 0.0 4.5 0.0 20.3
12 3.0 4.5 9.0 20.3
13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
72.0 135.0

Load disribution on piles

For Basic Combination
Axial H Due My Total
1 1678.33 269.06164 215.95683 1894.3
2 1678.33 269.06164 0 1678.3
3 1678.33 269.06164 -215.9568 1462.4
4 1678.33 269.06164 215.95683 1894.3
5 1678.33 269.06164 0 1678.3
6 1678.33 269.06164 -215.9568 1462.4
7 1678.33 269.06164 215.95683 1894.3
8 1678.33 269.06164 0 1678.3
9 1678.33 269.06164 -215.9568 1462.4
10 1678.33 269.06164 215.95683 1894.3
11 1678.33 269.06164 0 1678.3
12 1678.33 269.06164 -215.9568 1462.4
13 0 0 0 0.0
14 0 0 0 0.0
15 0 0 0 0.0
16 0 0 0 0.0

For Seismic Combination

1 1336.73 364.51029 -289.4459 1047.3
2 1336.73 364.51029 0 1336.7
3 1336.73 364.51029 289.4459 1626.2
4 1336.73 364.51029 -289.4459 1047.3
5 1336.73 364.51029 0 1336.7
6 1336.73 364.51029 289.4459 1626.2
7 1336.73 364.51029 -289.4459 1047.3
8 1336.73 364.51029 0 1336.7
9 1336.73 364.51029 289.4459 1626.2
10 1336.73 364.51029 -289.4459 1047.3
11 1336.73 364.51029 0 1336.7
12 1336.73 364.51029 289.4459 1626.2
13 0 0 0 0.0
14 0 0 0 0.0
15 0 0 0 0.0
16 0 0 0 0.0
Design Values Axial = 1894.3
Horizontal = 364.5
Deflected Length = 7.794
Moment = 1420.50

Check for Puncing Shear

Ast = 25 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c 0.26
Ast = 3927.0 Rho1= 0.002812 fctm 2.7746
fck = 35 fyk 500
min= 0.0014
Depth of pile cap = 1.5 m Cover = 0.075 m min= 0.0013
effective Depth = 1.397 m Pile force = 1894.3 KN
Dia. of pile = 1.00 Edge Projction= 0.30 m
offset considered = 1.00 ( d offset )
Radius Of control perimeter = 3.29 m
At control perimeter
For internal pile
So, ui= 20.691 m
e= 0.750 m
Beta= 1.215
vEd = 0.155 N/mm2
K= 1.38 <=2.0
vrmin = 0.126 N/mm2 k = 0.6 from IRC 112 pg 101 table
vRdc = 0.327 > vmin 0.155 OK
For corner pile
So, u1= 6.789 m
u2= 5.173 m
Beta= 1.312
vEd = 0.298 N/mm2
K= 2.13 <=2.0
vrmin = 0.097 N/mm2 k = 0.6
vRdc = 0.327 > vmin 0.298 OK

At face of pile

v= 0.532
vRdmax= 4.160 N/mm2
Beta= 1.900
vEd= 0.820 N/mm2 OK
Pile Colum Design
Z Pile Loads Factored
Axial 1894.2839
H= 364.51029
Moment = 1420.50
Dia = 1.00 Y

Longitudinal reinforcem
Diameter= 1000 fyd=
Clear cover = 75 mm NED=
Radius= 425 0.01Ned/fyd=
No of bars= 20 .002Ac=
Bar dia= 25 mm Ast1= 490.87 mm2 As,min=
Spacing= 133.518 mm Total Ast= 9817.477 mm 2
1.25% As,max=
△⊖= 0.314159265 rad Ac= 785398.16 mm2

fck= 35 N/mm2
fcd= 15.63 N/mm2
εc2= 0.002
εcu2 = 0.0035
h= 1000 mm
Pure Compression strain limit is at 428.6 mm from most compressed face

Stress of concrete for different values of strain

Concrete n= 2.00
Strain Stress
-1.0000 0.00
20.00
0.0000 0.00
0.0010 11.73 15.00
0.0015 14.66 10.00
0.0020 15.63
0.0025 15.63 5.00
0.0030 15.63 0.00
0.0000 0.0010 0.0020 0.0030 0.0040
0.0035 15.63
600
Stress of steel for different values of strain
Fe= 500 D N/mm2 Strain Stress 400
Es= 200000 N/mm2 -0.04500 -479.78
200
fyd= 434.78 N/mm2 -0.00217 -434.78
εuk= 0.05 0.00000 0 0
-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02
εud= 0.04500 0.00217 434.78 -200

-400

-600
 200

0
-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02
-200
εyk= 0.00250 0.04500 479.78
-400
εyd= 0.00217
-600
Possible Strain Combination for Bending
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0.00200 0.00250 0.00300 0.00350 0.00350 0.00350 0.00350 0.00350 0.00350
0.00200 0.00133 0.00067 0.00000 -0.00250 -0.00350 -0.00400 -0.01000 -0.02500

Concrete Strain Stress Area Force CG Moment

L1 1000 0.0035 15.63
L2 900 -0.0013 0.00 40875 320 450 144
L3 800 -0.0062 0.00 70949 0 350 0
L4 700 -0.0110 0.00 86345 0 250 0
L5 600 -0.0159 0.00 95201 0 150 0
L6 500 -0.0207 0.00 99329 0 50 0
L7 400 -0.0256 0.00 99329 0 -50 0
L8 300 -0.0304 0.00 95201 0 -150 0
L9 200 -0.0353 0.00 86345 0 -250 0
L10 100 -0.0402 0.00 70949 0 -350 0
L11 0 -0.0450 0.00 40875 0 -450 0
Concrete 320 144

0.0035 500
-0.0450 -500
Bar Theta X Y Area Strain Stress Force Moment
1 0.000 425.0 0.0 491 -0.02075 -454 -223.0 0.0
2 0.314 404.2 131.3 491 -0.01438 -448 -219.7 -28.9
3 0.628 343.8 249.8 491 -0.00863 -442 -216.8 -54.1
4 0.942 249.8 343.8 491 -0.00407 -437 -214.4 -73.7
5 1.257 131.3 404.2 491 -0.00115 -229 -112.5 -45.5
6 1.571 0.0 425.0 491 -0.00014 -27 -13.5 -5.7
7 1.885 -131.3 404.2 491 -0.00115 -229 -112.5 -45.5
8 2.199 -249.8 343.8 491 -0.00407 -437 -214.4 -73.7
9 2.513 -343.8 249.8 491 -0.00863 -442 -216.8 -54.1
10 2.827 -404.2 131.3 491 -0.01438 -448 -219.7 -28.9
11 3.142 -425.0 0.0 491 -0.02075 -454 -223.0 0.0
12 3.456 -404.2 -131.3 491 -0.02712 -461 -226.3 29.7
13 3.770 -343.8 -249.8 491 -0.03287 -467 -229.3 57.3
14 4.084 -249.8 -343.8 491 -0.03743 -472 -231.6 79.6
15 4.398 -131.3 -404.2 491 -0.04035 -475 -233.1 94.2
16 4.712 0.0 -425.0 491 -0.04136 -476 -233.6 99.3
17 5.027 131.3 -404.2 491 -0.04035 -475 -233.1 94.2
18 5.341 249.8 -343.8 491 -0.03743 -472 -231.6 79.6
19 5.655 343.8 -249.8 491 -0.03287 -467 -229.3 57.3
20 5.969 404.2 -131.3 491 -0.02712 -461 -226.3 29.7
21
22
23
24
25
 26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
9817 From Steel -4060.5 210.8

20000
M P
Total 354.6 -3741.0
15000
M P
1 0 16205
2 249 15654 10000
3 590 14602
4 1068 13093
5000
5 2175 6242
6 2216 4499
7 2194 3944
0
8 1605 207 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
9 796 -2452
10 355 -3741 -5000

Shear Capacity For longitudnal Force

Fck= 35 N/mm2 d= 1000 mm

Ast= 9817 mm2 Ac= 785398.16 mm2
K= 1.447 < 2.0 ρ1 = 0.00625 <= 0.02
fcd= 15.63 VRd,c,min= 0.3192969 KN

Now, N σcp vdcmin VRdc

1000 1.2732 400.8 500.8
2000 2.5465 550.8 650.8
3000 3.1267 619.1 719.1
4000 3.1267 619.1 719.1
5000 3.1267 619.1 719.1
6000 3.1267 619.1 719.1

Flexure Capacity Adequacy Check

 Loads P Hz My
Case 1 1894 365 1420

Flexure Check
For P MRcap Mt
1894 1871 1420 OK

Shear Check
For P VCap Vtot
1894 635 365 OK

Check for Shear and Shear Reinforcement

r = 500 mm
D = 1000 mm
rs = 417 mm
Ds = 2rs = 834 mm
de = r+2rs/pi = 765.47 mm
z = 0.9 de = 688.92 mm
Shear Area = zD = 688923.4 mm2
Pile Shear Stress = 0.416 N/mm2 Seismic
Pile Shear Stress = 0.304 N/mm 2
Non-Seismic
σcp = 0.529 N/mm 2

ρ1= = 0.0125 <= 0.02

K= = 1.511
vRd.c = 0.6655
VR,dc = 458.5 kN > 364.51029 kN

Shear design not required,Provide minimum shear

reinforcement

Shear Reinforcement factor 0.072

Asw/S)min. rqd. = 0.072*sqrt(fck/fyb) 0.6023952 mm2/mm

Spiral Stirrups 10 mm
Number of Legs 2
Spacing Required 184.38 mm c/c
Spacing Provided 150 mm c/c

Special Confinement spiral stirrups 10 mm

Spacing Provided 100 mm c/c
upto the length from cap bottom 4000 mm
Longitudinal reinforcement Check:
500 N/mm2
1894.28 KN
378.85678 Spacing check
1570.7963 OK
1570.7963 Ast check:
31415.927 OK

600

400

200

0
0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
-200

-400

-600
 200

0
0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
-200

-400

-600

10
0.00350 Top Compression
-0.04500 Bottom level

Chart Title
500.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
0.0
-500.0 -400.0 -300.0 -200.0 -100.0 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0
-100.0
-200.0
-300.0
-400.0
-500.0
Backwall Design
Material and Properties:
Grade of concrete= M30 Characteristic strength(fck)= 30 N/mm2
Reinforcement= Fe500 Yield stress of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2017:
Concrete (Reinforced) 25.0 KN/m3
Backfill 20.0 KN/m3 IRC 6-2017, Chapter 1
Bridge Geometry
Superstructure geometry
Ht. of Bridge deck = 2.30 m
Bearing Ht = 0.500 ( assumed including pedestal)

2.850 HFL = 161.134

Free Board = 1.20

Abutment Details
Total Ht = 2.850 ( from geo-tech and hydrology )
Wearing course height= 0.05 m
Ht BackW = 2.850 m including wearing course
Cap ht = 0.000 m
Stem Ht = 2.850 m
Stem Width = 0.400 m
Width of the abutment = 8.40 m
Total Stem base width = 0.400 m
Approach slab depth= 0m
Approach slab length= 3.5 m
Hunch detail b (m) h (m)
Stem hunch 0.00 0.3
Back wall front 0 0
hunch rectangle
0 0 triangle
Approach slab 0.25 0.25
hunch rectangle
0.25 0.25 triangle

A1. Calculation of Loads

1. Load from self weight of abutment
Distance from
Component Wt (m3) centre of base Moment
stem(rect) 239.40 0.000 0.00
13.13 -0.325 -4.27
Approach slab hunch 6.56 -0.283 -1.86
259.1 -6.1

3.Earth pressure
Ф= 30 ° (30-33) α= 0 ( Surcharge Ð )
β= 90 (Backface Ð) δ= 20.00 ( 2/3 of Ф ) pg 48 irc 6 2017
Ka = 0.2973 ɣ= 20.0 KN/m3
h= 2.850 m
Earth pressure= 16.95 KN/m2
Total Force = 202.9 KN acts @ 0.42 m for dry soil Sin 2 (    )
Ka  2
0.33 m for wet soil pg 50 irc6-2017  Sin (   ) Sin (   ) 
Force (KN) LA (m) M (KNm) Sin 2  Sin (    ) 1  
EP h = 190.6 1.197 228.2 KNm  Sin (    ) Sin (   ) 
FP v = 69.39 -0.2 -13.9 KNm

6. LL Surcharge
Ka = 0.297 ɣ= 20.0 KN/m3
h= 1.200 m Pressure = 7.136 KN/m2

Force = 170.84 KN 1.42 m (LA) 243.45 KNm

7.Seismic Loads
Zone Factor = 0.36 Imp Factor = 1.2 Response reduction factor = 3
Z/2/I*Sa/g= 0.54 Sa/g = 2.5
A h= 0.18 g

A. Abutment Self Load Wt H. Force(KN) Ht.(m) Moment

stem(rect) 239.40 43.09 1.42 61.4
13.13 2.36 2.72 6.4
Approach slab hunch
6.56 1.18 2.52 3.0
46.64 70.8
cg= 1.52 m
C. Due to backfill
Sin 2 (      ' )
 kh  Ka 
 '  tan  1   
Cos ' Sin  Sin(    '  ) 1 
2 Sin(   ) Sin(   '  ) 

2

 1  kv   Sin(    '  ) Sin(   ) 

Av= 0.12
β= 90 ° q'= 0.1594 rad. 0.2018
Ф= 30 ° α= 0°
ɣ= 20 KN/m3 δ= 20.00 °
Ca ( seismic )= 0.467 h= 2.850 m
Ca-Ka= 0.169 B= 8.40 m
EP Pressure seismic = 9.65 KN/m2
Seismic force due to backfill = 115.46 KN 1.425 m (LA) 164.54 KNm

D. Dynamic surcharge:
Force= 97.23 KN 1.881 m (LA) 182.89 KNm

A2.Summary of Loads
Unfactored From Table B2 : IRC 6-2017
Forces(KN) Moment Factors (Ultimate Limit State) Loads Factors (Ultimate Limit State) (Moment)
Vertical Horizontal (KNm) Basic Accidental Seismic Basic Accidental Seismic
Abutment Self 259.1 -6.1 1.35 1.00 1.35 1.00 1.00 1.00
EPH 190.6 228.2 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.00
EPV 69.4 -13.9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
L Surcharge (H) 170.8 243.4 1.20 0.20 0.20 1.20 0.20 0.20
Seismic Loads
Abutment DL 46.6 70.8 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50
Earth pressure 115.5 164.5 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50
Dyn. Surcharge 97.2 182.9 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50

Factored (Basic Combination) Factored (Accidental Combination) Factored (Seismic Combination)

Forces(KN) Moment Forces(KN) Moment Forces(KN) Moment
Vertical Horizontal (KNm) Vertical Horizontal (KNm) Vertical Horizontal (KNm)
Abutment Self 349.8 0.0 -6.1 259.1 0.00 -6.1 349.8 0.0 -6.13
EPH 0.0 286.0 342.3 0.0 190.64 228.2 0.0 190.6 228.20
EPV 69.4 0.0 -13.9 69.4 0.00 -13.9 69.4 0.0 -13.88
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 205.0 292.1 0.0 34.17 48.7 0.0 34.2 48.69
Seismic Loads Seismic Loads Seismic Loads
Abutment DL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 70.0 106.23
Earth pressure 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 173.2 246.80
Surcharge 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 145.8 274.34
419.2 491.0 614.4 328.5 225 257 419 614 884

A2.Structural Design

Ac = 3.36 0.1
fcd = 13.38
Axial Load = 4495.68 KN
Max Axial Load = 419.2 KN
So, this abutment can be designed as a slab / flexure member
Design of Abutment stem
Calculation of limiting values
Ecu,2 0.0035 0.002175 0.416 Xu= 78.76 mm
Xu = 189 mm 0.446 Fck= 13.38 N/mm2
M= 30 MPa d= 307 mm
D= 400 Clear cover= 75 mm
β 1= 0.80952 Effective cover= 93 mm 400
β 2= 0.41597 bw= 8400 mm
C 17226.8 KN Cg from steel level = 228.2 mm
Mulim = 3,931.84 KNm 8400
For Design Moment = 884.25 KNm
Xu,actual = 43 mm 0.416 Xu= 18.06 mm
M= 30 MPa 0.446 Fck= 13.38 N/mm2
D= 400 mm d= 307 mm
β 1= 0.80952 assumed cover= 93 mm
β 2= 0.41597 bw= 8400 mm
C= 3949.2 KN Cg from steel level = 288.9 mm
Mulim = 1,141.1 KNm (256.86) Check
Fe 500
Fyd= 434.78
Steel required= 9083.26 mm2
Tensile steel as per code
0.26 Fctm= 2.50
Fyk = 500.00 0.0013003211
Min. AS.min= 0.00130
Area of steel = 3353.268061 mm2 Min Ast required
For Maximum Ast
Ac= 3360000 mm2 0.025 Ac = 84000 mm2 OK Max Ast
Provided reinforcement
Required Ast 16 201.06 185.94 mm c/c spacing 9,083.26 mm2 OK Ast check
Provided Ast 16 201.06 150.00 mm c/c spacing 11,211.21 mm2 OK Crack check
Check For Shear OK Shear check
Minimum Axial (V) = 328 KN
Ac= 2578800 mm2 σcp = 0.127
Ast= 11,211 mm2 bw = 8400 mm
Fck= 30 MPa d= 307 mm
K = 1.80713431 ρ1 = 0.0043 <= 0.02
τmin = 0.4125 vRd,c, min= 0.432
τ= 0.4893 vRd.c = 0.4893
VR,dc= 1,261.8 KN > 614 KN

A4. SLS Check

Load factor for serviceability Limit State

Rare Frequent Quasi

Normal Vertical Horizontal Moment Combination Combination Combination
(KNm)
Abutment Self 259.1 0.0 -6.1 1.00 1.00 1.00
EPH 0.0 190.6 228.2 1.00 1.00 1.00
EPV 69.4 0.0 -13.9 1.00 1.00 1.00
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 170.8 243.4 0.00 0.00 0.00
Seismic Loads
Abutment DL 0.0 46.6 70.8 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth pressure 0.0 115.5 164.5 0.00 0.00 0.00

Factored( Non Seismic/Structure )

V (Quasi) V (Rare) V (Frequent) H (Quasi) H (Rare) H (Frequent) M (Quasi) M (Rare) M (Frequent)
Abutment Self 259.1 259.09 259.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 -6.1 -6.1 -6.1
EPH 0.0 0.00 0.00 190.6 190.6 190.6 228.2 228.2 228.2
EPV 69.4 69.39 69.39 0.0 0.0 0.0 -13.9 -13.9 -13.9
LL Surcharge (H) 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Seismic Loads 0.0 0.0
Abutment DL 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Earth pressure 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
328.5 328.5 328.5 190.6 190.6 190.6 208.2 208.2 208.2

A41. Stress Check

A41a. Short Term Stress Check
FOR RARE COMBO:
Axial Load = 328.47 KN
Bending Moment = 208.19 KNm
Area of Steel provided ( Ast ) = 11,211 mm2 Bw= 8400.00 mm
H= 400 mm
Gross area of Concrete, Ag = 3,360,000 N/mm2
Net area of Concrete, Ac = 3,348,789 mm2
Clear Cover, d' = 75 mm
Effective Depth of abutment, d = 307.00 mm
Ecm/Eeff = 31186.57 MPa ( N/mm2 )
Es = 200000 MPa ( N/mm2 )
fcm= fck+10 = 40.00
Fct,eff= 2.50
X= 200.00 (Assuming uncracked Section)
MOI, I= 44,800,000,000.00 mm4

Check for cracked section,

sbot = 0.93 < fctm = 2.50 Section is Uncracked
 a) Check for Stresses assuming short term creep and elastic modulus

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 31187 MPa ( N/mm2 )

As*Es = 2,242,242,641.46
depth of compression, dc= 64.44

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 776,447,825.94 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 2.6942 < 14.40 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 65.0393 < 400.00 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

FOR QUASI COMBO:

Axial Load = 328.47 KN
Bending Moment = 208.19 KNm

b) Check for Stresses assuming short term creep and elastic modulus

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 31187 MPa ( N/mm2 )

As*Es = 2,242,242,641.46
depth of compression, dc= 64.44

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 776,447,825.94 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 2.6942 < 10.80 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 65.0393 < 300.00 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

A41b. Long Term Stress Check

Nominal size= 2Ac/u = 381.82 mm
RH = 70.00
Age of Loading = 28 Days

f= 2.2000 Interpolate between RH 50 & 80)

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 9745.8045 MPa ( N/mm2 )

depth of compression, dc= 105.1525 mm

Ecm/Ec. Eff.= 9746 MPa ( N/mm2 )
As*Es = 2,242,242,641.46

FOR RARE COMBO:

Axial Load = 328.47 KN
Bending Moment = 208.19 KNm
Cracked Section MOI, in steel units
I= 615,408,900.18 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 1.7334 < 14.40 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 68.2850 < 400.00 Mpa OK For Rare, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

FOR QUASI COMBO:

Axial Load = 328.47 KN
Bending Moment = 208.19 KNm

Cracked Section MOI, in steel units

I= 615,408,900.18 mm4
Compression Limit
sc = 1.7334 < 10.80 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

Check for Stress on Reinforcement

ss = 68.2850 < 300.00 Mpa OK For Quasi, Clause 12.2.1, IRC112

A41c. Crack Width

FOR QUASI COMBO: (For RCC Structure)
Bending Moment for Crack width check= 208.19 KNm
Area of Steel provided ( As )= 11,211 Bw= 8400.00 mm
ρ1,eff= 0.0119 Hc,eff = 233
H= 400 mm 112
d= 307 mm 200
Es = 200000 MPa ( N/mm2 ) Ac,eff = 939573
 Fct,eff= 2.50
K t= 0.50
c= 75 mm
Short Term Long Term
Ec eff = 31187 9745.8045 MPa ( N/mm2 )
dc= 64.44 105.1525 mm
Lever Arm = 243 201.85 mm
Second Moment of I= 7.76E+08 6.15E+08 mm4
Actual Stress(σsc)= 65.04 68.29 N/mm2
α e= 6.413 20.522
0.6 σsc/Es = 0.0001951 0.0002049
εsm - εcm = 0.000195 0.0002048551
Sr,max= 482.954 482.95374584 mm
Crack width = 0.0942 0.0989 mm OK < 0.3mm for moderate case

A5.Vertical Reinforcement

Stem W = 400 Ac = 400000

Stem L = 1000
And 0.0012 of Ac = 480
Ф= A b= Spacing =
Using 12 mm 113 236
16 mm 201 419
20 mm 314 654
Adopt 12 mm @ 200 mm c/c
Ast provided= 565.49 mm2 OK

A6.Horizontal Reinforcement

Per meter
Vertical main 16 mm dia @ 150.00 mm c/c spacin 1905.90
Horizontal = 25 % Ast = 476.47
Stem w = 400 0.001 Ac = 400.00
Stem Ht = 1000 Half = 200
Spacing =
Using 12 mm 113 237
16 mm 201 422
20 mm 314 659
10 mm 79 165
Adopt 10 mm @ 150 mm c/c
Ast provided= 523.60 mm2 OK

Check: Ast provided rear face= 1,334.67 mm2

Ast provided at front face= 565.49 mm2
allowable Maximum reinforcement= 16000 OK
allowable Minimum reinforcement at rear face= 480 OK