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    Expt. No.7_Zener Diode

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    Zener diode experiment of BEEE in engineering

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    Expt. No.7_Zener Diode

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    ucoe3003
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    Zener diode experiment of BEEE in engineering

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    Zener diode experiment of BEEE in engineering

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    Expt. No.7_Zener Diode

    Uploaded by

    ucoe3003
    Zener diode experiment of BEEE in engineering

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    EXPERIMENT No.

    7: Zener Diode-Voltage Regulator


    Aim of the experiment:
    At the end of the experiment, the student will be able to

    • Explain the function of a Zener diode


    • Explain Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator

    Theory:
    Zener Diode
    A Zener Diode is a special kind of diode which permits current to flow in the forward direction
    as normal, but will also allow it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above the
    breakdown voltage or ‘Zener’ voltage. Zener diodes are designed so that their breakdown
    voltage is much lower - for example just 2.4 Volts.

    Function of Zener Diode:


    Zener diodes are a special kind of diode which permits current to flow in the forward direction.
    Zener diodes will also allow current to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above
    a certain value. This breakdown voltage is known as the Zener voltage. In a standard diode, the
    Zener voltage is high, and the diode is permanently damaged if a reverse current above that
    value is allowed to pass through it.
    In the reverse bias direction, there is practically no reverse current flow until the breakdown
    voltage is reached. When this occurs, there is a sharp increase in reverse current. Varying
    amount of reverse current can pass through the diode without damaging it. The breakdown
    voltage or Zener voltage (VZ) across the diode remains relatively constant.

    Zener Diode as A Voltage Regulator:


    A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that provides a stable DC voltage independent of the
    load current, temperature and AC line voltage variations. A Zener diode of break down voltage
    VZ is reverse connected to an input voltage source VI across a load resistance RL and a series
    resistor RS. The voltage across the zener will remain steady at its break down voltage VZ for
    all the values of zener current IZ as long as the current remains in the break down region. Hence
    a regulated DC output voltage V0=VZ is obtained across RL, whenever the input voltage
    remains within a minimum and maximum voltage. Basically, there are two type of regulations
    such as: Line Regulation: In this type of regulation, series resistance and load resistance are
    fixed, only input voltage is changing. Output voltage remains the same as long as the input
    voltage is maintained above a minimum value. Load Regulation: In this type of regulation,
    input voltage is fixed and the load resistance is varying. Output volt remains same, as long as
    the load resistance is maintained above a minimum value.

    Line Regulation:

    In Line Regulation, Load resistance is constant and input voltage varies. VI must be sufficiently
    large to turn the Zener Diode ON.

    So, the minimum turn-on voltage VImin is :

    The maximum value of VI is limited by the maximum Zener current IZmax

    IL is fixed at:

    Since, VL=VZ
    So maximum VI is
    For VI < VZ

    For VI > VZ

    Load Rotation

    In Load Regulation, input voltage is constant and Load resistance varies. Too small a Load
    Resistance RL,will result in VTh < VZ and Zener Diode will be OFF.

    So, the minimum load resistance RL

    Any load resistance greater than RLmin will make Zener Diode ON

    RLmin will establish maximum IL as


    VS is the voltage drop across RS

    For RL < RLmin

    For RL > RLmin

    Procedure:
    Zener Diode - Line Regulation:
    1. Set the Zener Voltage (VZ)
    2. Set the Series Resistance (RS) value.
    3. Set the Load Resistance (RL) value.
    4. Vary DC voltage.
    5. Voltmeter is placed parallel to load resistor and ammeter series with the series resistor.
    6. Choose appropriate DC voltage such that zener diode is 'on'.
    7. Now note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for various DC voltage.
    8. Note the Load current (IL), zener current (IZ), Output voltage (VO)
    9. Calculate the voltage regulation.

    Zener Diode - Load Regulation:


    1. Set DC voltage.
    2. Set the Series Resistance (RS) value.
    3. 1W D0-41 Glass Zener Diode 1N4740A, Zener voltage is 10 V.
    4. Vary the Load Resistance (RL).
    5. Voltmeter is placed parallel to load resistor and ammeter series with the series resistor.
    6. Choose Load Resistance in such a manner, such that the Zener diode is 'on'.
    7. Now note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for various Load Resistance.
    8. Increase the load resistance (RL).
    9. Note the Load current (IL), Zener current (IZ), Output voltage (VO)
    10. Calculate the voltage regulation.

    Zener Characteristics:
    1. Select the diode
    2. Set the rheostat Rh=1 Ω
    3. By adjusting the rheostat, voltmeter reading is increased from 0 and in each time note
    the corresponding reading in milliammeter.
    4. Take the readings and note Voltmeter reading across Zener diode and Ammeter reading.
    5. Plot the V-I graph and observe the change.

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