Total Page -03

UG5th - Semester Examination - 2023 KNU/2023/BSCHPHSCS02

Award: B. Sc. (Hons)
Discipline : PHYSICS Minn22
Course Type : CC12 (Hons)
Course Code : BSCHPHSC502 Max
Course Name: Thermal Physics II
Full Marks - 40
Time-2hrs
The figure in the margin indicates full marks. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
as far as practicable)

Group -A
1. Answer any five questions : 1x5=5
a) Defineaquasi-static process.
I b What is a heat engine?
ej ACarnotengine is working between 0°Cand -200°C. Calculate its eficiency.
How does the value of Gibb's free energy Gfor a closed system change during a reversible
process which is isothermal as isobaric?
dQTis a(i) Perfect differential (ü) Imperfect differential (i) None of theabove.
) Mention some practical applications where liquid nitrogen/hydrogen is used?
g) What is triple point?
h) State the principle of Le-Chatelier.

Group -B
2. Answer any five questions : 2×5=5

a) What do you mean by thermodynamic variables? Define intensive and extensive variables with
examples.
Showthatan adiabatic curve for an ideal gas is steeper than an isothermal curve on aP-V diagram.
c) Find the efficiency ofa Diesel engine for which the adiabatic compression ratio is 17 and adiabatic
expansion ratio is 5. take y=1.4
Define phase transition. Write down the differences between first order and second order phase
transitions with éxamples.
tey Define co-efficient of performance of arefrigerator.
What is inversion temperature? Calculate the inversion temperature for Helium when its critical
temperature is 5.26K.

Sor
161 da# -ds Tads-
 U:
v1)
d

its
proportionalto the cube of
foundto be
gas is
g) During an adiabatic process, the pressureof u
C,
temperature. Findthe ratioof C, for the gas.
Take density of ice as
-20Cinto steam?
lo change 200ml. ofice at
h) How much heat is requirecd
920Kgm
Group -C 5x3=15

Answer any threc questions :

cquilibrium. becomes
3. a) Define thermodynamic adiabatically compressed so that its pressure
initially kept at 17°C, is done on the gas.
b) One mole of oxygen, temperature after the compression, and (ii)the work
10times. Calculate (i) its P=(AT-BT?)/V, Where A,B are constants.
hydrostatic system is, pressure
a) The equation of the state of a changes from T to 2T while the
4. temperature
material if the
Find the work donce by the
remains constant.

+(0UlôT), .
(%
b) Prove:P=T(@p/r), (),
entropy is given by,
of an ideal gas, the change in
5. a) Show that for one mole
AS=C, In(pr")+ Constant.
OP
C, -C, =-T
thermodynamic relations, show that,
b) Using Maxwell's
thermodynamics.
6. a) State the third law of
from Nernst heat theorem.
b) Explain how itwas developed
equation for a reversible cell.
7. Derive the Gibbs-Helmholtz

Group -D
10x1=10
Answer any one questions :
calculate the efficiency ofa Carnot engine.
8. a) Represent theCarnot cycle in a T-S diagram and hence
Explain why the T-S diagram iscalled the heat diagram?
potentials?
b) Why the Helmholtz function (F) and Gibb's function (G) are called thermodynamic
Prove that the maximum number of phasesthat can co-exist in equilibrium is 3for aone componentpVT
system. do- dudu
dh

2
 a) hat is Joule-Thomson expansion? Show that enthalpy remains constant in Joule- Thomson expansion.
b) Explain why the,-T cocfficient is zero for an ideal gas and is non-zero for a real gas.
c) Obtain the relation between the Boyle temperature and inversion temperature for one mole
real gas.
d) Write down the properties of liquid helium.
10. af Deduce the change in the bojíing point of water when the pressure changes by Icm of mercury.
Given L=22.68 x10 J/kg, volume of the 1kg of water =10 m² and volume of lkg of
steam=1.674m?

b) Prove theequivalence of Kelvin- Planck and Clausius statements of 2nd lavw of thermodynamics.
between
c) the latent heat ofa substance depends on temperature t as L=atbt+ct?, find the difference
specific heats.

-0

P:P(v,)
) dr
t
dutdw
dg
da -du1 Po
ds
(r)

( do (uy) dva
KNUSOGA
Total Page: 03 KNU/2022/1USCIIPISC502
('G SSemester 'mnton 2022
Award: BSC
Disciplne: IYSICS
Course T)pe: (C- 1' (llons)
Course (Code: BSCPUSCSO02
Course Name: Ihenmal Physics- ||
FullMarks: 40 T'lme: 2 lBrs

Group A
1. AnsueT any five questions

a) What do you mean by themodynamic cquilibrium?

b) What is Tiple point?
c) What are the change of entropy in the gas, the sumoundings and the
universe durmg a
reversible isothemalevpansion?
d) What is the diflerence betw een state funetion and path function?
eY Find the eficiency of a Camot'sengine working between 127°°and 27"(.
) Drau p-T diagram for isobaric expansion.
g) The specific hcat of saturated steam is negative,'- Explain.
h) What is the significance of the arca of the TS diagram in Carnot cycle?

Group B
2. Answer any five questions. 2x5 10

a) What do you mean by entropy of a substance?

b) Acylinder containing one gram molecule of' a gas was compressed adiabatically until
iis temperature rose from 27 Cto 97 C. Calculate the work done and heat produces in
the gas(y=1.5).
c) Show that when a substance of mass Mhaving a spccilic hcat Cis heated from T, lo T2
the entropy change is S, - S, = M.C.ln .
d) Starting from the expression of the Helmholtz free encrgy F(T, V), show that

e) What is inversion temperature? Calculate the inversion temperatureof Helium when its
critical temperature is 5.26K.
reference to water in
) Give the statement of Gibb's phase rule and illustrate it with
equilibrium with its saturated vapour.
calculate ( .
g) Assuming van der Waal's equation for I mole real gas,
expansion"' quasi-static?
h) Explain the meaning of "quasi-static' process. Is 'free

152
 Group C
Answer any three questions. 5x3 IS

3. Deduce the Clausius-Clapeyron relation " = , where the symbols have their usual
meaning. 5

4. Which is the more efficient way of increasing the cficiency ofa Carnot cngine to incrcase
the source temperature T,, keeping T, fixed, or to decrcasc the sink temperatureT, kccping
7fixed? Prove that the maximum numbcr of phases that can co-cxist in cquilibrium is 3
for a one component pT-system. 3+2

5. Show that for a van der Waals gas the J-T cocfficient u is givcn by

u=-1) 5

6. Amass of 1.5kg and volume of0. 14m' ofa certain gas at 40 bar is expanded isocntropically
such that temperature falls to S00 K. Dctcrmine i) Initial temperature of the gas ii) Work
done during the process ii) Pressure at the end of expansion. (Given: R=0.287 kJ/kgK,
and Gy= 0.718 kJ/kgK). 5

7. Calculate the work done by a real gas (van der Waal model) for isothermal and adiabatic
expansions. 2.5+2.5

Group D
Answer any one question. 10 x 1 = 10

8.
a) What is zero-th law of thermodynamics? On the basis of this law, introduce the concept
of temperature.
volume
b) Show that the entropy of n moles of an ideal gas of heat capacity Cy at constant
given by
at a temperatureT and volume V is
S = nCy ln T + nR In V + So

[assume that Cv is independent of temperature].

pressure
two gases at the same temperature and
c) Show that entropy increases when (2+2) + 4 + 2
diffuse into each other.
from Nernst heat
the third law of thermodynamics. Explain how it was developed
thermodynamics is that no
9. State consequence of the third law of
theorem. Show that anecessary which Gibbs free
T0'. Find the equation of state of a system for 2+3+ 2+3
gas remains ideal as
energy G= 0.
10.
a) Taking the internal energy of asimple compressible system as a function of T and P,
show that

=Go- PVB

b) Describe the working of aCarnot engine operating between two sources at temperatures
T) and Ti (T;> T). What is the need to have two sources at diferent temperatures?
cA Camot engine with the sink at 10°C has an efficiency of 30%. By how much must
the temperature of the source be changed to increase its efficiency to S0%?
3+ (3+2) +2
KNU5063
Total Page:03
KNU2022/BSCHPHSCS01
UG5th Semester
Examination 2022
Award: BSC
Discipline: PHYSICS (Hons)
Course Type: CC- 11
Course Code: BSCHPHSCS01
Full Marks: 40 Course Name: Quantum Mechanics
TÉme: 2 Hrs

Group A
1. Answer any five questions.
lx5=5
a) According to Planck, what is the
b) Can average energy of an oscillator for black body radiation?
)= tan x be a possible wave
c) Ify is awave function, then function of aparticle for 0 x ST?
what do you mean byy the integration
lplaV = 0
d) Explain the terms
'observable' and operator"?
e) Write down general expression for 'the
quantum mechanjcs.
permitted energy values of a linear harmonic oscillator in
f) What the physical
meaning of the expectation value of the position (< x>) of a particle
confined to the x axis?
g) How the natureof symmetry of the wave function of a
particle used to identify Femions and
Bosons?
h) Why all the photo-electrons do not have same energy?

Group B
2. Answer anyfive questions.
2x 5=10
elkr
The wave function Find out its probability current density.
6) Compute the value of the normalization lactor in the azimuthal wave
function of hydrogen atom
given as
Ø= Aelim1p)
Le ply = iny, find the value of the commutator (x, p).
a Find the eigen function and eigen valbe of the operator(z +).
e) Estiqate using uncerlainty principle, the ground state energy of aharmonic oscillator.
By applying uncertainty principle explain non-existence of electrons in the atomic nucleus?
Given:h =1.054 x 10-34J.S m, =9.11 >x 10"3"Kg, the radius ofthe nucleus of any atom is
r= 10-1m
g) What is the significance of negative energy of the electron in a quantised Bohr orbit?
hy Calculate the value of the commutator[=², L,].

152
 Group C
Answer any three questions. 10.

S.What is Hermitian operator? Why Hermitian operators are used in quantum

the Eigen value of Hermitian mechanics? Show
5x3=15
operator is real. that
4 Show that 1+2+2
dv,
da
Where,
Vg and v, are the group velocity and phase velocity and Ais the
de-Broglie wavelength.
5. The ground state wave
function for hydrogen atom is
of the electron
Y=ye sShow that the average distance
from the nucleus is 1.5a,.
5
O. What is
photoelectric effect? Howdoes one explain the maximum
electrons is independent of the incident kinetic energy of the ejected
250nm. Calculate the kinetic energy inlight? The photoelectric threshold wavelength for tungsten
ultraviolet light of wavelength 18Onm. electron-yolts of the electrOns ejected from the surface byis
1+2+2
I" ASingle particle of mass m is confined in a one
the particle is given by dimensional box of length a. The wave function of

Vx) =
sin
Showthat (Ax)² =1 ()E 5

Group D
Answer auy one question.
8. 1x 10= 10
What is Compton effect Defive an expression for Compton shift and
photon. wavelength of scattered
b What is Compton wavelength? Determine its value.
CVAn X-ray photon is found to have doubled its
wavelength of the incident photon.
wavelength on being scattered by 900, Find the
(1+5) + (1+1)+ 2
9.
a) Write down the time independent Schrödinger
equation for the motion of the electron in hydrogen
atom assuming the proton is at rest.
b) Given
1 1
r2 sin s(sin ) r'sin²0 dp?
Separate the Schrödinger equation into radial and angular part.
c) The Gaussian wave function is given by

Where. o is the width of the wave packet Calculate the momentum function A(k). 2+4+4
10.
a) State and prove Bohr's correspondence principle.
b) Show that the idea of Bolr's stationary orbits can be obtaincd from de Broglie's hypothesis.
c) Asystem is known to be in a state described by the wave funtion
v0.0)= (SY +Y - Y], Where ym(o, o) is aspherical harmonics.
Find the probability of finding in a state with =6. (1+3) + 2 +4
 Total Page: 2 Ref. No.: KNU/2020/ BSCHPHSC502

UG 5th Semester Examination 2020

Discipline: Physics (Hons.)
Course Type: CC12
Course Name: Thermal Physics- II
Course Code: BSCHPHSC502
Full Marks: 40 Time: 2 Hours

The figures in the right-hand margin indicate full marks. Candidates are required to give their
answers in their own words as far as practicable. llustrate the answers wherever necessary.

Group-A

1.Answer any five questions: (1x5 =5)

What is the physical significance of Zeroth law of thermodynamics?

b. Define internalenergy of a system.
c. dQ/T is a (i) Perfect differential (ii) Imperfect differential (ii) None of the above.
d. Correct the expression: S= CplogV + CplogP +constant.
e. If His enthalpy then (@H/0T),gives which quantity?
f. Give one example of transition.
g. What is the difference between the following expressions of first law?
dU = dQ + dW, and dU = dQ - PdV
h. Draw the isobaric and isochoric curves on a TS diagram.
i. Mention the similarities of light and thermal radiations.
j. What isa pyrometer?

Group-B
2. Answer any five questions: (2×5 = 10)

a. Why Cy is considered more important than Cp? 2

b. Determine thep-V relation for an ideal mono-atomic gas undergoing an adiabatic

process. 2

C. What is a heat engine and what is its efficiency? 1+1

d. Define entropy in terms of order/disorder and discuss briefly. 1+1

e. Prove that the specific heat of saturated vapour isnegative. 2

f. State and explain third law of thermodynamics. 1+1

g. What isinversion temperature? Calculate it for H2 if critical temperature is 22 K.

1+1

1
h. Is dQ an exact differential? Explain significance of the answer.
i What are the conditions of reversibility?
j. How temperature of the Sun can be determined using Wien's law?

Group-C
Answer any three questions:
3
(5x3 -15) Total
Peage

One mole of an ideal gas at 00C is taken from a volume of 2 litre to 1litre
isothermally. Calculate the work done. Derive the formula you use. What are t%.
çonditions for this expression to be valid?
4. Prove from first law of thermodynamics dQ = CpdT - VdP. Hence prove that 2+2+1
PVY< Const. 3+2
5
Draw Adiabatic and isothermal processes in TS diagram. Also draw the TS
diagram for Carnot's cycle and calculate the work done. 2+3
6. Prove (i) Cy = (OU/aT)y ((i)
P=T(op/0T)y +(OU/0T)r)
7. TwO identical bodies of constant heat
2+3
capacities at temperatures T1 and T2 are
used as reservoirs for a heat engine. If the bodies remain
at
constant pressure
and undergo no change of phase, find the
Þ. What do youmean by
maximum work done. 5

for van der Waals gas.

Joule-Thomson effect? Find an expression of ]-T coefficient
1+4

Group-D
Answer any one question:
(1x10 = 10)
9
What is asecond order phase
transition? Derive Ehrenfest's equations for second
order phase transitions. Give two
examples of first order phase transition.
10. Write down 2+3+3+2
Maxwell's equations. Hence derive the TdS
equations. 4+6
11. Define the terms phase,
component and degrees of
Phase rule. State and explain Gibbs' phaserule. freedom in context of Gibbs'
this rule. The latent heat of a Illustrate triple point based on
substance depends on temperature t as
L=a+bt+ct2, find the difference between specific heats.
3+2+2+3

2
Total Page -02 KNU/2023/BSCHPHSDSES01
UG Sth - Semester Examination - 2023
Award: B. Sc. (Hons)
Discipline: PHYSICS Min-28
Course Type : DSE (Hons)
Course Code :BSCHPHSDSE501
Course Name: Nuclear and Particle Physics
Full Marks - 40 Time - 2hrs

The figure in the margin indicates full marks. Candidaies are required to give their answers in their own words
as far as practicable)

Group -A
1. Answer any five questions : 1x5=5

a) Which property of the antiparticle is same as that of the particle?

b) Does parity remain conserved in ß decay?
) Give one example ofa pair of mirror nuclei.
) According to the shell model what is ground state of ,0!5
8 nucleus.
e) What are the relation between hypercharge (Y) strangeness(S) and baryon (B) quantum number?
f) Which ofthe two nuclei, B and C² is unstable?
State one conservation law which is valid in strong interaction but not valid in weak interaction?
) Write down the quark composition of z °.

Group -B
2x5=5
2. Answer any five questions :
a) State and explain Geiger Nuttal Law.
b Find the ground state spin and parity of A1"
c) Explain how a neutral particle like neutron can have magnetic moment.
d) What is internal conversion?
e) Define unit of atomic mass and calculate its energy equivalence in MeV.
f) What are »magic' and 'semi magic' numbers.
hy A cyclotron has a magnetic field of 1.5 Wb/m. The extraction radius is 0.5 m. Calculate the
frequency of the rf-oscillator necessary for accelerating deuterons. Given that the mass of the
proton is 1.67x10-"kg.
g The quark composition of Ais (uds).Calculate its charge.

163
 Group -C
3. Answer any three questions : 5x3=15
a) Assuming the radius of a nucleus to be equal to R=1.2AV fm, where A is the mass number.
evaluate the density and the number of nucleons per unit volume of l'C nucleus.
b) i) What are the quantities that are conserved in a nuclear reaction?
ii) Discuss the significance of Qfactor in this context.
Describe the principle of a van de Graaff generator by drawing a net sketch of the machine.
d) Cite some evidences in support of the shell model. Find the total angular momentum and parity for
the ground state of,S", using the shell model.
e) What led paulito postulate the existence of the neutrino? If neutrino has a small mass, how will
affect the Kurie plot? Describe briefly the first experiment which proved the existence of
neutrinos?
Group -D
10×1=10
4. Answer any one questions :
a) Write down the semi-empirical mass formula. Establish the condition of stability from this formula.
Using the condition of stability, predict that out of ,He', Bef and Li, which one is the most
stable? Write down the failures of lthe iquid drop model.
b) i) Discuss the law of successive disintegrations in the case offollowing radioactive transformation:

P ’R
with disintegration constants ,and,.
ii) Hence discuss the condition of transient and secular equilibrium.
c) i) What are the four fundamental Interactions? What are the mediat1ug bosons for these
interactions?
ii) State th interaction responsible for each of the following reactions :
a) r'’Y+y
b) 7-+p+n++

c) p+y, ’n+e*

MG-200
 Total Page -02
UG 5th -Semester Examination - 2023KNU/2023/BSCHPHSDSES03
Award: B. Sc. (Hons)
Discipline : PHYSICS Min-2&
Course Type : DSE (Hons)
Course Code : BSCHPHSDSES03
Course Name :Atomic Physics and Mar
Full Marks - 40
Spectroscopy
Time - 2hrs
The figure in the margin indicates full narks. Candidates are required togive their answers in their own words
as far as practicable)

Group -A
1. Answer any five questions : 1x5=5
a) What is Gyromagnetic Ratio?
, by State Pauli's exclusion principle.
c DefineLarmor Frequency.
dy Write the relation between wave length and wave number of aspectral line.
e) Define resonance potential of an orbital electron.
What is the Lande g factor corresponding to the spin degrees of freedom for an electron?
g What is stimulated emission?
h) Transition between which pairs of molecular levels does emit in the infra-red
region?

Group -B
2. Answer any five questions : 2x5=5
ay What do you mean by the good quantum number of an electronic state?
b) What is ratio ofthelengths for the semi-minor axis and semi-major axis aBohr-Sommerfeld orbit
with eccentricity as 0.8?
c) How do yourelate the Einstein's Aand Bcoefficients with different kinds of atomic transition
rates?
d) find the allowed Lvalues for athree electron system with orbital quantum numbers as
0, ,=1, -1.
What are the limitations of Bohr-Sommerfieldmodel?
f) What is fine structure splitting for an atomic spectrum?
g) Show that planck's constant has the dimension of angular momentum.
h) Explain the reason behind the vibrant pink colour of Ruby laser.

F e h

156
 Group -C
Answer any three questions : 5x3=15
3. What is Hund's rule for electronic configuration? Using Hund's rule find ground state quantum
numbers for carbon (2Z-6). 2+3
A. Briefly explain the origin of Stokes and anti-Stokes lines in Raman spectra. Why the anti-Stokes lines
are fainter than Stokes lines? 3+2
5. Describe the essential features of the Stern-Gerlach experiment. Explain how the outcome of the
experiment could be understood in terms of electron spin. 3+2

6. Assume an electronic orbit as acircular current-carrying loop to show that the orbital magnetic moment
of an electron is proportional to its azimuthal quantum number.
A. Describe the operation of He-Ne laser with rough energy level diagrams of relevant atoms.

Group -D
10x1=10
Answer any one questions:
8. a) What do you mean by Einstein's A, B coefficients? Derive a relationship between them for laser
b) What are the important features ofstimulated emission? 8+2
9. Describe and explain LS coupling with the help of vector diagram. Under what conditions does it
hold? Under what conditions LS coupling breaks down and what kind of new coupling takes place?
342+2+3
Describe and explain JJ coupling with the help of vector diagram.
10. a) Show that the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in an atomic shellof principl
quantum number n is 2n?
b) Use the idea of L-S coupling, to find a general expression for the Lande-g factor for a many
electron atom.
c) For adumblledshape HCL molecule, the consecutive rotational spectral lines are found at 104.13pm
and 124.73 pm. Find the bond length of the HCL molecule. 3+4+1/+1½

MG-200
 TotalPage -04
UG5th - Semester Examination - 2023 KNUI2023/BSCHPHSC501
Award: B. Sc. (Hons)
Discipline:PHYSICS
Course Type : CC-11 (Hons)
Course Code: BSCHPHSC501
Full Marks - 40
Course Name : Quantum Mechanics
Time - 2hrs
The figure in the margin indicates full marks.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
as far as practicable)
1. Answer any five questions : Group -A
Ix5=5
a) According to the Bohr's model, the ground state energy of a
Hydrogen atom is-13.6 ev. What
willbe the ground state energy of a He' atom according to the
Bohr's model?
b) Particle-A has mass m, kinetic energy Eand de Broglie
wavelenght of 2,. Particle Bhas mass 2m.
kineticenergy 2 and de Broglie wavelenght of .,. What is the ratio
(Ignore relativistic effects.]
c) Briefly explain the term "Compatible Observables"?
d) Aparticle is moving in one -dimension and confined in region -L<r<L. Its wave function is given
5zx
by v(X) =, cos What willbe the expectation value of theposition (X)?
2L )
e) Is it possible for aphoton to transfer all its energy to afree electron?
f) Draw the wave function for a harmonic oscillator for the first excited state.
g) What are the values of the quantum numbers of the electron in the ground state of the H-atonm?
h) Can we observe Compton effect with visible light? Give reason for your answer.

Group -B
2. Answer any five questions : 2x5=5
a) Find the ratio of the de-Broglie wavelenght to the Compton wavelength of aparticle.
b) in the Bohr's model, the electron of aHydrogen atom has angular momentum L. The electron
absorbs a photon and its angular momentum is increased to 3L. What is the wavelength ofthe
absorbed photon?
c) What is 'quantum tunneling"?
d) For the wave function y =Aeura), find the probability current density. (A isa constant)
27x
e) Given two wave functions W(x)=sin L Jand v, (1)=fsin show that v(x)
and w,(x) are orthogonal in the region 0 <r<L.

159
 t) Starting from the time dependent Schrodinger equation, briefly explain the term 'stationary states'
g) Show that, if for a one dimensional potential V(-x) =-Vx), the eigenfunction of the Schrodinger
equation is either symmetric or antisymmetric function ofx.
With
h) The speed of a bullet of mass 50gm is measured to be 300Om/s with an uncertainty of 0.01%.
what accuracy can we locate the position of the bullet if it is measured simultaneously with its
speed.
Group -C
5x3=15
Ansyyer any three questions :
cannot exist inside
y State and explain Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Use it to prove that electrons
3+2
the nucleus.
, 4 Consider the step potential shown in the figure below -
V(x) ‘

X=0 X
Obtain the expression for the
Aparticle of energyE<V, is incident on the potential from left at x=0.
transmission coefficient.
5. The time independent wave function of a particle of mass mmoving in a potential

5
Vx) =a'r' is y(x) =e a being a constant. Find the energy of the system.

6. Given three operators A, B, and C show that

i) [A+B, C]= [4, C] + [B, C]
i) [AB, C]=A [B,C]{A,C]B.
Use the above results toshow that [x',p = 2ih (xp tpx),
Where z and p are respectively the position and momentum operator in one-dimension.

7. The angular momentumoperator is given by L=rxp where p=-iiV Showthat.

i) L, L=0,
i) (X,LJ=ihz,
[The symbols have their usual meaning.]
 Group -D
Answer any one questions : 10x1=10
8 The Hamiltonian operator for an one -dimensional quantum linear harmonic oscillator is given by
H= t-mo'?
2m 2
1

V2hmo (mox-ip), show that

Give the operator a=

i) [a, a']=l,
i) H= ho(aat --to(d'a+.
if y is the eigenfunction of Hwith eigenvalue Eie. Hy =Ey, then show that
im) H(a'y) =(E +ho) (av),
iv) H(ay)=(E- ho) (ay)
v) What are the physical significance of the operators a and a?
[The symbols have their usualmeaning.]
9. Let y,Ln(T) =R,(DY"(0,ø) denotes the normalized wave function of hydrogen atom where n, 1
and mare the principal, azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers respectively, Rn,/(r) is the radial
wave function and Y" (0,0)are the spherical harmonics. AHydrogen atom isin a state

y= A(W0 +2V2,1tV2,11)
1
Given Re =
/24

i) Nornmalize y and find the value of A?

i) Calculate the expectation value (T)

iü) What is the probability of finding the electron in 0<Ts2a?
iv) What is the probability of finding Hydrogen in a state with n =1?
v) Calculate the expectation values (I) and (L.)?
[The symbols havetheir usualmeaning. you may use the following integral dg eg=2.]
 10.
compare
eigenfunctions. b) %- a)
axisDerive
Calculate vxj particle A in
the =0, a
schrodinger's
x>L
|Df
,or potential
results is
Hence, the for x<0for bounded
with energy 9<x<L V.
locate Hence.
classical by time
eigenvalues. potential
the obtain
dependent -
maximum
theory.
schrodinger
well
Draw
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SO8TotalPage:2 KNU/2022/ BSCHPIISDSE503
UG 5h Semester Examination 2022
DIscipline: Physics (Hons.)
Course Type: DSE-II
Course Name: Atomlc Physics & Spectroscopy
Course Code:BSCHPIHSDSES03
2 6
Full Marks: 40 Tlme: 2 Hours

The figures in the right-hand margin indicate full marks. Candidates are requtred to glve their
necessary.
answers in their own words as faras practicable. Illustrate the answers wherever

Group-A
(1x5= 5)
1.Answer any five questions: nglet
a. What is the unit of Bohr Magneton?
b Câlculatethe muitiplicity for total spin S-0.
c. State Pauli's exclusion principle.
d In which orbital, the probability of finding an electron is uniform in all direction?
wE Obtain the ground state term symbolof 3p-electrons of Silicon atom.
[. Where does the r¡tational energy lie in the energy spcctrum?
g. What do you mcan by a metastable state?
h. What do you mean by coherence?

Group-B
2. Answer any five questions: (2x5 = 10)

a. What is Paschen-Back effcct?

b. What are the limitations ofBohr-Sommerficld model?
aState IHund's rule.
a Explain why all molecules do not show rotational spectrum?
e. How population inversion is essential for a LASER ?
. Explain why inhomogencous magnetic field used in Stern-Gerlach experiment?
EPelermine the statcs which can be forned from a two-electron configuration in L-S coupling
scheme with l,=0, l, =1.
h. Why he optical resonator is necessary for a practical LASER?

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 Group-C
(5x3 = 15)
Answer any three qucstions:
orbit when placed
KWhat is Lanor precession? Find the precessional frequency of an electron 2+3
ina magnetic field of 6T.
Evaluate the Lande g factor for D3/2 state. 1+4
k What is the importance of Lande g factor?
S. Explain why nomal Zeeman effect occurs only in atoms with even number of
spectrum line of wavelength 4000 Å, when subjected to 5000 Gauss magnetic
electrons. A
ffeld, normal Zeeman shift is observed to be 0.03735 A, Determine specific charge of
1+4
elpetron. 5
SExpBan the origin of Raman effect and different lines in the Raman Spectrum.
K Consider a diatomic nolecule to show that vibrational energy level is given by, E, =
4+1
v+;) ha. Symbols have their usual meanings. What is vibrational-rotational band?

h>.03?257/6
Group-D
Answer any one question: (1x10= 10)

8. (aFhe quantum numbers of the two optical electrons in a two-valence electron atom are
m-6,l3F2
m51,s=1/2
Assuming L-S coupling find the possiblevalues ofL and henceJ
-Assumingij coupling find the possible values ofJ
(byUsing Hund's rule findground state quantum numbers for carbon (Z=6). 3+3+4

9.4) Obtain an cxpression for the rotational energy level of a diatomic molecule and show
that thc cnergy levels arc equally spaced.
b) For dumbelled shaped HClmolecule, the two cónsecutive rotational spectral lines
ane
found at 104.13um and 124.73um. Find the bond length. 7+3
19 0)What is stimulated emission?
(b) Define Einstein's Aand Bcoefficients and show that,
symbols have usual mcaning.
A1/B2 =8nhv³/c, where
(c) From the working of Ruby laser,
explain the reason behind the vibrant pink
laser. colour of this
to undenstemd the behavioun at 1+7+2

Dnd mole euls in

2

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