CHAPTER II

REVIEWOF RELATED LITERATURE

Reforming Tarlac Public Transportation Terminal

Proposed Intermodal Terminal

This thesis was proposed by Archito Joseph A. Ilot (2022). The proposed project is planned to
produce a better integrated transportation node that is reliable, efficient, and recognizable. The
study's aim is to improve the community, not just in terms of transportation but also in terms of how
people perceive travel. Encourage the community to use environmentally friendly, natural techniques
that benefit both themselves and the environment. The study would need a traffic pattern that
encouraged the integrated transportation element's success.

In Pasig City, the situation is further complicated by the proliferation of illegal terminals for jeepneys,
tricycles, and pedicabs. These unregulated terminals disrupt traffic flow, contribute
to congestion, and undermine efforts to establish an efficient transportation system.
The lack of connectivity between various modes of transportation in Pasig City and
its surrounding areas has resulted in inefficiencies that impact both commuters and
the environment.

Given these challenges, the need for an integrated transportation solution has become urgent. One
proposed approach is the development of an intermodal terminal in Pasig City,
specifically in Kalawaan. An intermodal terminal combines multiple modes of
transportation in a single hub, allowing for smoother transitions between systems
and reducing travel times. This terminal would serve as a focal point for commuters,
integrating ferries, jeepneys, tricycles, taxis, and private vehicles while improving
circulation within the facility and its surrounding area.

The proposed terminal would address not only transportation inefficiencies but also public health
and safety concerns, particularly in the context of the post-pandemic “new normal.”
Proper ventilation, circulation, and adherence to health protocols would be
prioritized to ensure the safety of commuters. By incorporating sustainable and
energy-efficient designs, the terminal aims to minimize its environmental impact
while providing a more pleasant commuting experience.

The project also emphasizes universal design, which ensures accessibility for all, including the elderly,
individuals with disabilities, and other marginalized groups. Transportation
affordability is another critical consideration, as the terminal aims to cater to a wide
range of commuters without imposing significant financial burdens. Innovations such
as intelligent transportation systems (ITS) could be incorporated to manage traffic
more effectively and provide commuters with real-time information, enhancing the
overall efficiency and reliability of the terminal.

Research supports the importance of space planning and circulation in designing intermodal
terminals. Circulation refers to the movement of people within and around a
structure. Efficient circulation patterns are crucial for reducing congestion and
ensuring the smooth flow of passengers. The principles outlined by Christopher
Alexander in "A Pattern Language" (1977) highlight the importance of designing
 spaces that cater to the social, cultural, and economic needs of users. These
principles emphasize the need for clear pathways, logical layouts, and intuitive
navigation within transportation hubs.

The integration of walkability and riparian design principles into the terminal’s planning could further
enhance its functionality and sustainability. Walkability refers to the ease with which
pedestrians can move through a space, encouraging non-motorized modes of
transportation. Riparian design focuses on creating harmonious interactions
between the river and its surroundings, promoting ecological balance and improving
the quality of life for nearby communities. These approaches could transform the
terminal into a model of sustainable urban development.

Data collection and analysis play a crucial role in the design and development process for the
terminal. Surveys, interviews, and observations provide valuable insights into the
needs and preferences of commuters, enabling the researcher to propose solutions
that are both practical and innovative. For instance, understanding the peak travel
times and flow patterns of passengers can inform decisions about the placement of
entry points, waiting areas, and service counters. The researcher also considers the
existing policies and practices of transportation authorities to ensure alignment with
broader urban planning objectives.

The anticipated benefits of the intermodal terminal extend beyond transportation. By improving
connectivity and reducing travel times, the terminal could boost economic
productivity, enhance public health, and foster social equity. It would provide a
secure and comfortable environment for commuters, addressing long-standing
issues of safety and convenience. The terminal’s design would also reflect the
principles of inclusivity, catering to diverse user groups and ensuring that public
transportation is accessible to all.

The proposed terminal has significant environmental implications. Sustainable design elements, such
as energy-efficient lighting, natural ventilation, and the use of renewable materials,
could reduce the terminal’s carbon footprint. Integrating green spaces and water
management systems would further mitigate environmental impacts, aligning the
project with global standards for sustainable infrastructure. The terminal’s proximity
to the Pasig River offers opportunities for ecological restoration and the promotion
of water-based transportation as an alternative to road-based modes.

Ultimately, the intermodal terminal aims to change how people perceive public transportation in
Pasig City and beyond. By providing a modern, efficient, and environmentally friendly
alternative, the project seeks to encourage a shift toward sustainable commuting
practices. This shift could have a ripple effect, inspiring similar developments in other
parts of the country and contributing to the broader goal of improving the Philippine
transportation system.

In conclusion, addressing the transportation challenges in Pasig City and Metro Manila requires a
comprehensive and integrated approach. The proposed intermodal terminal offers a
viable solution, combining innovative design, sustainable practices, and user-
centered planning to create a transportation hub that meets the needs of
commuters while promoting economic growth and environmental sustainability. By
leveraging the lessons learned from this study, policymakers and planners can
develop strategies to transform the country's transportation landscape and improve
the quality of life for all Filipinos. ( Ilot,2022)