2017 Summer Model Answer Paper
2017 Summer Model Answer Paper
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
MODEL ANSWER
SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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MODEL ANSWER
SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
Ans: (Correct
Diagram: 4
marks )
OR
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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MODEL ANSWER
SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
9 Ex 8085,8086 Ex 8051, 8751
Ans: (Explanation
of dead lock
: 4 marks ,
how to avoid
: 2 marks)
A typical real-time system has multiple types of resources and multiple concurrent
threads of execution contending for these resources. Each thread of execution can
acquire multiple resources of various types throughout its lifetime.
Potential for deadlock exist in a system in which the underlying RTOS permits resources
sharing among multiple threads of execution In this example, task #1 wants the scanner
while holding the printer. Task #1 cannot proceed until both the printer and the
scanner are in its possession.
Task #2 wants the printer while holding the scanner. Task #2 cannot continue until it has
the printer and the scanner. Because neither task #1 nor task#2 is willing to give up what
it already has, the two tasks are now deadlocked because neither can continue
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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MODEL ANSWER
SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
ii) Draw the labeled diagram to interface 16x2 LCD to microcontroller 8051 and state 6M
the function of RS, R/W and EN pin of 16x2 LCD.
Ans: (Diagram : 3
marks ,
Explanation
of each pin 1
mark)
RS: is used to make the selection between data and command register. RS=0, command
register is selected RS=1 data register is selected.
RW: R/W gives you the choice between writing and reading. R/W=1, reading is
enabled. R/W=0 then writing is enabled.
EN: Enable pins is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins.
When data is supplied to data pins, a high to low pulse must be applied to this pin in-
order for the LCD to latch in the data present at the data pins.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
2. Attempt any four of the following: 16 Marks
PSW format
The bits PSW3 and PSW4 are denoted as RS0 and RS1 and these bits are used the
select the bank registers of the RAM location
The selection of the register Banks and their addresses are given below.
0 0 0 00H-07H
0 1 1 08H-0FH
1 0 2 10H-17H
1 1 3 18H-1FH
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
CY, the carry flag
This flag is set whenever there is a carry out from the D7 bit.
This flag bit is affected after an 8-bit addition or subtraction.
It can also be set to 1 or 0 directly by an instruction such as “SETB C” and “CLR C”
where “SETB C” stands for “set bit carry” and “CLR C” for “clear carry”.
FO Flag 0 This is PSW.5 bit and which is used for general purpose
ii) Enlist any four addressing modes with one example each. 4M
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
Example:
4M
iii) State function of pin EA, PSEN, RESET, ALE.
Ans: (Each 1
mark)
Function of PSEN:
1. PSEN stands for ― program store enable. The read strobe for external Program
Memory is the signal PSEN (Program Store Enable). In an 8031-based system in
which an external ROM holds the program code, this pin is connected to the OE pin
of the ROM.
2. In other words, to access external ROM containing program code, the 8031/51
uses the PSEN signal. This read strobe is used for all external program fetches.
PSEN is not activated for internal fetches.
Function of EA:
1. EA which stands for external access is pin number 31 in the DIP packages. It is an
input pin and must be connected to either Vcc or GND. In other words, it cannot be
left unconnected.
2. The lowest 4K (or SK or 16K) bytes of Program Memory can be either in the on-
chip ROM or in an external ROM. This selection is made by strapping the EA
(External Access) pin to either VCC or Vss.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
3. In the 4K byte ROM devices, if the pin is strapped to Vcc, then program fetches to
addresses 0000H through OFFFH are directed to the internal ROM. Program fetches
to addresses 1000H through FFFFH are directed to external ROM.
4. If the pin is strapped to Vss, then all program fetches are directed to external ROM.
The ROM less parts must have this pin externally strapped to VSS to enable them to
execute properly.
Function of ALE:
1. ALE stands for address latch enable. It is an output pin and is active high for
latching the low byte of address during accesses to external memory.
2. The ALE pin is used for demultiplexing the address and data by connecting to the G
pin of the 74LS373 chip.
Function of RESET:
1. Pin 9 is the RESET pin. It is an input and is active high (normally low). Upon
applying a high pulse to this pin, the microcontroller will reset and terminate all
activities.
2. This is often referred to as a power-on reset. Activating a power-on reset will cause
all values in the registers to be lost. It will set program counter to all 0s.
3. In order for the RESET input to be effective, it must have a minimum duration of
two machine cycles. In other words, the high pulse must be high for a minimum of
two machine cycles before it is allowed to go low.
If external RAM & ROM is not accessed, then ALE is activated at constant rate of 1/6
oscillator frequency, which can be used as a clock pulses for driving external devices.
Example: SWAP A
c) MOV80h,90H: This instruction copy the content of 90h memory address location at
memory address location 80h
Example : if at 90h location 0Ah data is stored then after execution of this instruction
, 0Ah copied at location 80H
Example:
MUL AB
Before execution: A=80 (50h) B=160 (A0h)
After execution: A=0 B=32h
A·B=80·160=12800 (3200h)
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
Achieve : 2
marks)
· Event Objects:
Event objects are used when task synchronization is required without resource sharing.
They allow one or more tasks to keep waiting for a specified event to occur. Event
object can exist either in triggered or non-triggered state. Triggered state indicates
resumption of the task.
· Semaphores:
A semaphore has an associated resource count and a wait queue. The resource count
indicates availability of resource. The wait queue manages the tasks waiting for
resources from the semaphore. A semaphore functions like a key that define whether a
task has the access to the resource. A task gets an access to the resource when it acquires
the semaphore.
vi) Write ‘C’ or assembly language program for 8051 to transfer letter ‘M’ serially at 4M
4800 baud rate.
Ans: (Correct
28800 is the maximum baud rate of the 8051 microcontroller
program in
28800/4800= 6 ALP or C
language 4
That baud rate ‘6’ is stored in the timers
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
marks
ORG 0000H
Assembly
MOV SCON, #50H ;serial port mode 1 language
program)
;configure timer 1 in auto-reload mode for 4800 baud
CLR TI clear TI
END
OR c program
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
TR1=1; //Timer ON
SBUF=’M’; // transmit character
while(TI==0); //wait for end of transmission
TI=0; // clear TI
TR1=0; //OFF the timer
while(1); //continuous loop
}
3. Attempt any four of the following: 16Marks
Ans: (Format:2
marks,
Interrupt Enable register (IE): Byte Address: A8H , bit address A8H to AFH Explanation:
2 marks)
ET2 : Timer-2 interrupt enable bit, not for 8051, reserved for future use
When EA bit is 0, it is called as global disable i.e. all the maskable interrupts are
disabled. And when EA is 1, it enables those interrupts which have their bit set in IE
register. i.e. when EA and ET1 is set, and all other bits are reset, this enables the timer1
interrupt.
Bit0 to bit5 i.e. all the bits except EA bit are the local enable/ disable bit. When the bit is
zero then the respective interrupt is disabled. And when the bit is set and EA is also set,
then the respective interrupt is enabled. But if interrupt bit is set and EA=0, all the
interrupts are disabled
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MODEL ANSWER
SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
ii) Draw the block diagram of embedded system. Explain various hardware units. 4M
Ans: (Block
diagram: 2
marks, Any
Four
Hardware
units
Explanation
: 1/2 marks
each )
1. Embedded processor:
It is the heart of the embedded system. It has two essential units: control unit and
execution unit. Control unit fetches instructions from memory and execution unit
includes ALU and circuits to perform execution of the instructions for a program control
task
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
3.Timers:
Timer circuit is suitably configured as system clock or RTC (Real time clock). To
schedule various tasks and for real time programming an RTC (Real Time Clock), or
system clock is needed.
5. Interrupt controller:
It is an interrupt handling mechanism which must exist in embedded system to handle
interrupts from various processes and for handling multiple interrupts simultaneously
pending for service.
6. I/O ports:
I/O ports are used to interface external devices like sensors, key buttons, transducers,
LEDs, LCD actuators, alarms, motors, values, printer etc. There are two types of ports
,parallel and serial port. The parallel ports are used in short distance communication
while serial ports are used in long distance communication.
iii) List the interrupts used in 8051. Give their priorities and vector address. 4M
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
Interrupt Vector Priority
Address
iv) Explain the features of RTOS. State how it differs from general operating system. 4M
4. Priority inheritance: RTOS should have large number of priority levels and should
prevent priority inversion using priority inheritance
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
v) Draw labelled diagram to interface analog to digital converter ADC 0808 to 8051. 4M
Ans: (Neat
labelled
diagram: 4
marks)
OR
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
For example: Consider priority based scheduling with scheduling criteria as the shortest
process first. In a ready queue where all the processes are waiting for CPU, shortest
process will be selected first. If there is a continuous supply of shortest process then the
longer process may never get scheduled on CPU which leads to its starvation.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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MODEL ANSWER
SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
4. A) Attempt any three of the following: 12 Marks
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
ii) Explain in brief: 4M
a) Device programmer b) Target board.
Ans: a) Device programmer: (Device
programmer
Also called as laboratory programmer, a programming system for a application device :2 marks,
such as EPROM/ROM or Flash memory or microcontroller memory, PLA. The device Target
to be programmed is inserted into the socket at the device programmer and burns the board-2
code using software at the host. i.e. personal computer through serial port. The device marks)
programmer software running on the host uses an input file from the locator software
output records reflects the final design which has the bootstrap loader and compressed
records which the processor decompresses before the embedded system processor starts
the execution.
b) Target board
Target board or machine or system consists of-
1) A microprocessor or microcontroller,
2) ROM-memory of image of embedded system,
3) RAM- memory for implementation of stack, temporary variables and memory buffers
Peripheral devices and interfaces such as RS 232,10/100 base ethernet, parallel ports,
USB etc.
Example: A simple sample target system is as shown
The target board differs from the final system as it interfaces with personal computers as
well as work as a standalone system which requires a repeated downloading of the codes
during development phase in the flash memory. Also requires repeated modification,
testing, simulation, debugging till it works according to final specifications. Once done
with, the code is downloaded in ROM (instead of flash memory) in the target system.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
iii) Draw labelled diagram to interface 4x4 keyboard to 8051.
(Correct
labeled
Diagram: 4
marks)
OR
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
iv) State various software tools available in IDE. Explain any one in brief.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
Cross assembler:
It is useful to convert object codes for microcontrollers or processor to other codes for
another microcontrollers or processor and vice versa.
Cross compiler:
It is used to create executable code other than one on which the compiler is run. They
are used to generate executables for embedded systems or multiple platforms.
Linker/Locator:
It is used for relocation process.
It is done during compilation also it can be done at run time by a relocating loader.
It is a program that takes one or more objects generated by compiler and combines them
into a single executable program.
Simulators:
A simulator is the s/w that simulates a h/w unit like emulator, peripheral, network and
I/O devices on a PC
• It defines a processor or processing device as well as various versions for the target
system
• Monitors the detailed information of as source code part with labels and symbols
during the execution for each single step.
• Provides the detailed information of the status of memory RAM and simulated ports,
simulated peripheral devices of the defined target system
i) Draw the format of TMOD SFR. Explain Timer modes with diagram. 6M
Ans: (Format of
TMOD: 2
marks,
explanation
of four timer
modes with
diagram : 1
mark each)
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
Timer modes:
(Note: if only mode diagrams are given: ½ mark for each mode = 2 marks can be given)
0 0 0 13-bit mode
0 1 1 16-bit mode
1 0 2 8-bit auto-reload
The timer is said to overflow when the count in registers TH and TL rolls over to
2000H. This overflow takes after the value 1FFFH (8191d). So maximum count for
timer mode 0 is 1FFFH (8191d).
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Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
This mode is commonly used for timer1 in serial communication for generating
specific baud rate.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
TH0 uses the TR1 and TF1 of timer1. And it can only count internal pulses (working as
timer only).
When timer0 is used in mode3, the timer1 can be used in mode0 or mode1 or mode2.
Timer1 can be used in these modes if timer1 do not need its own flags TF1 and TR1 (as
they will be used by TH0 register). As TF1 is used by TH0 timer register, no interrupt
will be generated by timer1. Thus timer1 can be used for baud rate generation or any
other application where it does not require the flags TF1 and TR1.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
ii) Draw the interfacing of stepper motor with 8051 and write program in assembly or 6M
‘C’ language to rotate it continuously in clockwise direction.
Ans: (Interfacing
diagram- 3
Marks,
Program - 3
Marks)
[NOTE:
Program may
change.
Student can
also use the
other logic.
Please check
the logic and
understanding
of students.]
Program:
OR
[NOTE: Program may change. Student can also use the other logic.
Please check the logic and understanding of students.]
Cycl
Mnemonic Description Byte
e
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
ANL
AND immediae data to direct register 3 4
direct,#data
ORL
OR immediate data to direct byte 3 4
direct,#data
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
iii) Draw the interfacing of DAC with microcontroller 8051. 4M
Ans: ( Complete
interfacing
diagram: 4
marks)
Ans: (TCON: 2
Marks and
SCON: 2
Marks )
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
7 TF1 Timer 1 Overflow flag. Set when timer rolls from all 1's to 0.
Cleared when processor vectors to execute interrupt service
routine located at program address 001Bh.
5 TF0 Timer 0 Overflow flag. Set when timer rolls from all 1's to 0.
Cleared when processor vectors to execute interrupt service
routine located at program address 000Bh.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
SCON SFR
2 RB8 Received bit 8. Bit 8 of received data in modes 2 and 3; stop bit
in mode1. Not used in mode 0.
0 RI Receive Interrupt flag. Set to one at the end of bit 7 time in mode
0, and halfway through the stop bit for other moves. Must be
cleared by the program.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
v) State various steps in software development cycle an embedded system. 4M
Ans: (Software
development
cycle
diagram: 1
mark and
Explanation:
3 marks)
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
1. Edit or write the program:
Editor is used to write the program. Program is written in assembly i.e
.ASM or inembedded C i.e .C.
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Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
12. DVDs
13. Motor and cruise control system
14. Body or Engine safety
15. Entertainment and multimedia in car
16. E-Com and Mobile access
17. Robotics in assembly line
18. Wireless communication
19. Mobile computing and networking
ii) Draw the format PCON in 8051 microcontroller. Explain function of each bit. 4M
7 SMOD -- Serial baud modify bit. Set to 1 by program to double baud rate
using timer 1 for modes 1, 2, and 3. Cleared to 0 by program to use timer 1
baud rate.
6 -- Not implemented.
5 -- Not implemented.
4 -- Not implemented.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
0 Idle mode bit. Set to 1 by program to enter idle mode configuration for
CHMOS processors.
iii) State two features of simulator and two features of debugger. 4M
Features of Debugger:
1. Debugger gives list of errors in the program.
2. Debugger gives the location i.e line number where error is present.
3. Debugger gives bugs in a piece of electronic hardware.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
iv) Explain the concept of inter process communication in Real Time Operating 4M
System (RTOS).
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
applications,
• Memories
• Multiple standard source solutions, called IP (Intellectual Property) cores,
• Programmable logic device and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) cores.
• Other logic and analog units.
vi) State the need of RTOS in embedded system and describe the specification of 4M
RTOS.
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SUMMER– 17 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: EMBEDDED SYSTEM Subject Code: 17626
described as deterministic) execution pattern. This is particularly of interest to embedded
systems as embedded systems often have real time requirements.
A real time requirements is one that specifies that the embedded system must
respond to a certain event within a strictly defined time (the deadline). A guarantee to
meet real time requirements can only be made if the behaviour of the operating system's
scheduler can be predicted (and is therefore deterministic)
Specifications of RTOS:
1. Reliability:
The RTOS is reliable, because it is available for all time and normally it
does not fail to perform any function/operation. The reliability of system also
depends on the hardware board support package and application code.
2. Predictability:
In RTOS, the user knows within How much time period the RTOS is
going to perform the task i.e. The RTOS has predictability. We can predict,
determine how much time takes by RTOS.
3. Performance:
The performance of RTOS is very fast so that it can fulfill all
timing requirement
4. Compactness:
The RTOS provide compactness. It required less memory space
for storage and hence can be used for portable application, like cellphone, ECG
machine, etc.
5. Scalability:
RTOS can be used in a wide variety of embedded. They must be able to scale-up
or scale-down to suit the application..
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