1. What are identifiers in Python?
Identifiers are names used to identify variables, functions, classes, or other objects in Python.
An identifier must begin with a letter (a-z, A-Z) or an underscore (_), followed by letters, digits
(0-9), or underscores. Identifiers are case-sensitive and cannot be Python reserved keywords
(like if, else, class, etc.).
Validity of identifiers:
- xyz: Valid (it starts with a letter, and contains only letters).
- 123: Invalid (it starts with a digit).
- _pqr12: Valid (it starts with an underscore and contains letters and digits).
- #Axy: Invalid (it starts with a special character #).
2. Write the output of the following Python expression:
print((4>9) and (5!=1) or (5<9))
*Evaluation:*
- (4 > 9) is *False*.
- (5 != 1) is *True*.
- (5 < 9) is *True*.
The expression evaluates as:
python
(False and True) or True
Which simplifies to:
False or True # evaluates to True
*Output:*
True
*For the other expressions:*
a) 6 ** 2 + 9 * 4 // 5 - 11
6 ** 2 = 36
9 * 4 = 36
36 // 5 = 7
36 + 7 - 11 = 32
*Output:*
32
b) 3 > 9 and 19 > 17 or not 10 > 13
3 > 9 is False
19 > 17 is True
10 > 13 is False, so not False is True
So, the expression becomes:
False and True or True
This simplifies to:
False or True # evaluates to True
*Output:*
True
3. Draw the flowchart to explain any one of the following:
a) nested if conditional statement
b) nested while conditional statement
c) nested for conditional statement
*Flowchart for Nested if Conditional Statement*
*Flowchart for nested while conditional statement*
*Flowchart for nested for conditional statement*
4. *Program to check if a character is uppercase, lowercase, digit, or special
character.*
char = input("Enter a character: ")
if char.isupper():
print("The character is an uppercase letter.")
elif char.islower():
print("The character is a lowercase letter.")
elif char.isdigit():
print("The character is a digit.")
else:
print("The character is a special character.")
*OR:*
*Mutable and Immutable objects in Python:*
- *Mutable* objects can be changed after they are created (e.g., lists, dictionaries, sets).
- *Immutable* objects cannot be changed after they are created (e.g., integers, strings, tuples).
5. *WAP to check whether a given rectangle is square or not.*
length = float(input("Enter length of the rectangle: "))
breadth = float(input("Enter breadth of the rectangle: "))
if length == breadth:
print("The rectangle is a square.")
else:
print("The rectangle is not a square.")
*OR:*
*Menu-driven program for area calculation:*
print("Menu:")
print("1. Area of Square")
print("2. Area of Rectangle")
print("3. Area of Circle")
choice = int(input("Enter your choice: "))
if choice == 1:
side = float(input("Enter the side of the square: "))
area = side ** 2
print("Area of square:", area)
elif choice == 2:
length = float(input("Enter the length of the rectangle: "))
breadth = float(input("Enter the breadth of the rectangle: "))
area = length * breadth
print("Area of rectangle:", area)
elif choice == 3:
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))
area = 3.14 * radius ** 2
print("Area of circle:", area)
else:
print("Invalid choice!")
6. *What will be the output of the following code?*
str = "Python Programming"
new_str = ""
for i in range(len(str)):
if i != 3 and i != 10:
new_str = new_str + str[i]
print(new_str)
*Explanation:*
- The loop iterates over each index of the string str.
- Characters at index 3 (h) and index 10 (g) are skipped.
*Output:*
Pyton Proramming
7. *Write the output of the following codes:*
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
if j == i:
break
print(i, j)
*Explanation:*
- This nested loop prints i, j values before the break statement is executed.
- When j == i, the break exits the inner loop.
*Output:*
10
20
21
8. *Python program to find sum and average of a list of marks input by the
user.*
marks = input("Enter marks separated by space: ").split()
marks = [int(mark) for mark in marks]
sum_marks = sum(marks)
avg_marks = sum_marks / len(marks)
print("Sum:", sum_marks)
print("Average:", avg_marks)
*OR:*
*Expression to return 'y' in the nested list:*
List1 = [100, [32, 200, [3, 'python', 2]], 'prog']
print(List1[1][2][1][1])
# This will print 'y'
9. *What is the error in the following code?*
dict1 = {"Amit": 100, "Ajay": 40}
dict2 = {"Amit": 400, "Ajay": 40}
print(dict1 > dict2)
*Error Explanation:*
- The > operator is not supported for dictionaries in Python.
- You cannot compare dictionaries directly using comparison operators like > or <.
*Output:*
TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'dict' and 'dict'
*OR:*
*Output for tuple code:*
tuple1 = (18,)
print(tuple1 * 2)
*Output:*
(18, 18)
10. *Output for the following code:*
def Fun(x, y=50):
print("x:", x)
print("y:", y)
Fun(10)
*Explanation:*
- The function is called with x=10 and y takes the default value 50.
*Output:*
x: 10
y: 50
*OR:*
def z(x, y):
while(y):
x, y = y, x % y
print(x, y)
return abs(x)
print(z(60, 48))
*Explanation:*
- The function z() calculates the greatest common divisor (GCD) using the Euclidean algorithm.
*Output:*
12 0
12
