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NormalDistributioncheatsheet-1

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28 views

NormalDistributioncheatsheet-1

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Uploaded by

cami gilles
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Normal Distribution

Normally distributed data The 68-95-99.7 rule


Has the same mean, mode and median. As a normal distribution is symmetrical about the
It is symmetrical about the mean mean. This gives us a way to express the percentage
The graph is often called a ‘bell curve’ of data that would lie within a certain number of
standard deviations (or 𝑧-scores).

68% of data lie within 1 standard deviation


95% of data lie within 2 standard deviations
99.7% of data lie within 3 standard deviations

Note: 50% of data will lie above the mean and 50% of
data will lie below the mean.

𝒛-scores
To gain a comparison between a particular score and
the rest of the population, we use the 𝑧-score.

The z-score (or standarised score) indicate the


position of a particular score in relation to the mean.

A z-score of 0 indicates that the score obtained is


equal to the mean.

A negative z-score indicates that the score is below


the mean

A positive z-score indicates that the score is above Example:


the mean The weight of biscuits in a box is normally distributed
with a mean of 250g and a standard deviation of 2g.
The z-score measures the distance from the mean in Given this information it can be concluded that:
terms of the standard deviation.
a) 50% of the weights lie above 250g
To calculate a z-score we use the formula b) 68% of the weights lie between 248g and 252g
(within 1 standard deviation)
c) 95% of the weights lie between 246g and 254g
(within 2 standard deviation)
d) 99.7% of the weights lie between 244g and
256g (within 3 standard deviation)

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Normal Distribution
Further examples of the 68-95-99.7 rule 𝒛-score examples

Question 1: Question 1
Andy scored 53 in a test for which the marks were In an IQ test the mean IQ is 100 and the standard
normally distributed with a mean of 65 and a deviation is 15. David’s test results give an IQ of 130.
standard deviation of 12. Calculate this as a z-score
What percentage of students scored higher marks 𝟏𝟑𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎
than Andy? 𝒛=
𝟏𝟓
A score of 53 means, Andy scored 1 standard
deviation below the mean. 𝒛=𝟐

∴ 84% of 50%
Question 2:
students scored
In a normal distribution, a score of 4.6 corresponds to
higher marks
a z-score of -2.4. It is known that the standard
than Andy
deviation of the distribution is 0.8.
Calculate the mean of the distribution.
34% 𝟒. 𝟔 − 𝝁
−𝟐. 𝟒 =
Question 2: 𝟎. 𝟖
The average life of a particular brand of car battery is
4 years and 4 months with a standard deviation of 8 𝝁 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟐
months. The manufacturer guarantees to replace any
battery that does not last 3 years. Challenge questions
If the life of these batteries is normally distributed,
approximately what percentage could the Question 1:
manufacturer expect to replace? The ages of students in a training squad are normally
distributed. If 95% of the students have ages between
15.4 and 18.6 years, find the mean and standard
deviation.

Question 2:
A normal distribution has a mean of 95. If 2.5% of
scores are below 73, find the standard deviation.

3 years would be 2 standard deviations below the


Question 3:
mean.
Terry scored 70 in a biology test. The biology test had
a mean of 62 and a standard deviation of 4. A recent
∴ 99.85% of batteries are above 3 years.
physics test had a mean of 58 and a standard
∴ approximately 0.15% of batteries would expect to
deviation of 10. What mark is the physics test would
need replacing.
have been equivalent to Terry’s biology mark?

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