Best Practices for

Performing a Welder
Qualification Test

American Welding Society®

 Best Practices for
Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Abstract
This document is designed as a high-level reference guide to facilitate welder performance qualification testing done in
accordance with a variety of codes and standards. This document is not an official AWS standard, but does reflect the
opinions of subject matter experts in the field.
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Print: ISBN: 978-1-64322-058-1

PDF: ISBN: 978-1-64322-059-8
American Welding Society
8669 NW 36th St., #130, Miami, FL 33166
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Internet: <www.copyright.com>.

ii
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Foreword
American Welding Society (AWS) Qualification & Certification Committee has published this technical manual, the Best
Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test, First Edition, to assist quality oriented professionals (inspectors
and supervisors) and quality-conscious engineers and managers to apply the best practices for conducting a qualification
test to a welding code or standard. This is a technical manual that was written to provide a reference guide of recom-
mended best practices for a test supervisor and welding inspector to perform a welding test. Due to the generic nature of
this technical manual, it is presented only as a guide. It is not intended to be the only source of information for conducting
a welder qualification test. It is a tool that should also be considered along with applicable welding codes and standards,
as well as any other relevant resources.
AWS appreciates feedback from participants in its Certification programs. Please send comments or questions to certifi-
[email protected] or:
American Welding Society
Certification Department
8669 NW 36th Street #130
Miami, Florida 33166-6672
Additional information on AWS products and services may be found on our website at www.aws.org.

iii
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Disclaimer
Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this guide and therefore are not addressed in detail herein.
Work performed in accordance with this nonstandard publication may involve the use of materials that have been deemed
hazardous and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This best practice document does
not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this guide should establish an
appropriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1
should be considered when developing the safety program.
Safety and health information is available from the following sources:
American Welding Society:
1. ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes
2. AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets
3. Other safety and health information on the AWS website
Material or Equipment Manufacturers:
1. Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers
2. Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturers
3. Applicable Regulatory Agencies

iv
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Table of Contents
Page No.

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Welder Qualification Testing Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Terms and Concepts to Understand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Pre-Test Investigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Logistical Preparation for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Scheduling and Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Facility Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Cost Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Testing Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Traceability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Retention and Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Conducting the Test: Using a Routing Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Qualifier Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
What to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Information Gathering (pages A1:1 and A1:2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Welder Orientation (page A1:2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Qualifier Responsibilities (page A1:2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Weld Test Hold Points (page A1:3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Specimen Preparation for Mechanical Testing (page A1:4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Mechanical Testing Results (page A1:4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Other Mechanical Testing (page A1:5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Overall Test Summary (page A1:5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Retests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Post-Test Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
WPQR Section 1: Data and Configuration (fields 1–43 of the sample WPQR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
WPQR Section 2: Welding Process (fields 44–73 of the sample WPQR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
WPQR Section 3: Examination Results (fields 74–92 of the sample WPQR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Wrapping Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
APPENDIX 1: Sample Routing Sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1:1
APPENDIX 2: Sample WPQR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2:1
APPENDIX 3: Sample ASME WPQR with Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A3:1
APPENDIX 4: Recommended Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4:1
APPENDIX 5: AWS QC47 and List of References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5:1

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 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Best Practices for Performing a Welder

Qualification Test

Introduction
The purpose of this technical manual is to define the best practices for qualification testing of welders. This manual is
designed as a high-level reference guide, meaning it is purposely generic in order to facilitate qualification testing done
to a variety of qualification standards and influenced by the needs of employers and individual welders. Due to the
generic nature of this manual, the qualifier (person administering the test) cannot rely only on this content when conduct-
ing welder qualification testing. This manual is a crucial tool, but qualifiers will also need the applicable qualification
standard and a WPS appropriate for the test being conducted, as well as, any other resources relevant to the process.
This manual is divided into sections based on the three phases of welder performance qualification testing: Pre-Test
Investigation, Conducting the Test, and Post-Test Activities. Further resources are included in the appendices, including
sample documents the qualifier is encouraged to customize to their own needs and integrate into their regular procedures.

Welder Qualification Testing Best Practices

A qualifier should establish and then maintain a set of best practices to help ensure accuracy, repeatability and code com-
pliance in welder performance qualification testing. Documentation is a vital part of the qualification and certification
processes. The following lists of best practices and procedures should be considered and, if implemented, should be well
documented.
Best Practices
• In order to avoid the appearance of any conflicts of interest, the person who trained the welder should not be the
same person to conduct the welder performance qualification test. It is understood that instructors will test students
during the course of their training, but the results of this testing should not then be transmitted outside of the train-
ing facility as evidence of welder competence.
• Qualifiers should not let personal preferences affect their decision to pass or fail the welder. For instance, an attrac-
tive weld may not meet acceptance criteria, whereas a weld that seems unattractive to the qualifier may still satisfy
the requirements of the applicable qualification standard. When conducting and inspecting qualification tests, qual-
ifiers should focus only on applying the acceptance criteria in the applicable qualification standard and any addi-
tional requirements imposed by the employer.
• It is the responsibility of the welder to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) appropriate for the test facility to
ensure the safety of the welder. Some PPE may be provided to the welder by the facility, but this is not required. It
is a best practice to identify required PPE with welders prior to the date of the test.
• The welder should be made aware the test can be terminated at any time if the qualifier deems the test is being
performed in an unsafe manner or the welder has refused to comply with the safety regulations of the facility.
• Qualifiers should use a routing sheet or checklist when conducting a test in order to standardize the testing process.
The routing sheet also helps the qualifier to control the testing environment when testing multiple welders. (See the
Terms and Concepts to Understand section for more information about routing sheets. A sample routing sheet is
also available in Appendix 1 [pg A1:1].)

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Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Procedures
Qualifiers should have written procedures in place that are always followed when conducting welder performance quali-
fication testing. These procedures assist in the standardization of administrative policies the qualifier follows and protect
the qualifier from complaints by welders and employers. These procedures should include the following:
• Control and traceability of materials used for the test: The qualifier should be able to quickly identify whether
a material is appropriate for the qualification test being performed. This means materials should be acquired from
reputable sources, properly marked, and stored in an organized manner with relevant information about each mate-
rial readily accessible.
• Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) used for testing: The qualifier should ensure an appropriate WPS is
available to the welder and followed during welding of the test coupon. This document can either be supplied by
the qualifier or the employer. (See the Terms and Concepts to Understand section for more information about a
WPS.)
• Reference library: Qualifiers should have a library of commonly referred to qualification standards for perform-
ance qualification testing. At a minimum, the qualifier must have access to the applicable qualification standard(s)
being used for the qualification test throughout the testing process.
• Unique identifier: A unique identifier must be assigned to each test or to each welder to ensure the test is correctly
attributed to the welder who was tested. The unique identifier can be anything the qualifier wishes to use, as long
as the qualifier remains consistent. The uniqueness should be to the test and not necessarily to the welder, who may
take multiple tests (but with differing WPSs) given by the qualifier.
○ Some identifiers commonly used to identify welders include the last four digits of the welder’s Social Security
number, the welder’s union number, a government-issued ID number, etc.
○ Some identifiers commonly used to identify tests include the WPS number, test position, test process,
facility, etc. Combinations of these examples, or of any other unique identifiers can be used. Whichever
identifier(s) are used, the qualifier must ensure each test can be isolated from all others conducted at that same
facility.
• Measuring and testing equipment: The qualifier is responsible for verifying the calibration and operation of any
testing equipment, whether that equipment is provided by the testing facility or employer.
• Off-site testing practices: Welder performance qualification testing may sometimes need to be conducted outside
the qualifier’s testing facility. General best practices should be established for such an event, taking into account
that the qualifier is responsible for the safety of the testing environment (lighting, ventilation, etc.), for verifying
the performance of power sources not owned by the qualifier, and that the qualifier may not have ready access to
resources normally available at their own testing site.
• Retention and disposal: Procedures should be established for retention and disposal of test coupons, specimens,
and radiographic film. Retention and disposal procedures may need to be customized per employer specifications.
These customization requests should be recorded during the Pre-Test Investigation phase so appropriate steps can
be taken to prepare for them.
• Qualification of personnel and contracted services: The qualifications of any personnel involved in the welder
performance qualification testing must be verified by the qualifier and documentation confirming their legitimacy
should be established. For instance, if external personnel are engaged to conduct special assessments, such as non-
destructive testing (NDT), the qualifier must obtain records signifying that each contracted person is properly
qualified for the task.
• Document retention policy: Documentation of all tests performed and interactions between the qualifier and the
welder or employer should be kept for a specified amount of time and organized for easy recall should they need to
be referenced at a future date.
• Confidentiality policies: Qualifiers often collect personal information about welders and are responsible for keep-
ing that information secure. Policies should be in place for ensuring security and the confidentiality of personal
information. WPSs that are provided by the employer for qualification testing should be treated as proprietary
information that should not be divulged to outside parties without the express permission of the employer.

2
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Terms and Concepts to Understand

The following list provides explanations and descriptions of several important terms qualifiers should know to most
effectively implement the information in this manual:
1) Certification: A certification is documentation by a certifying entity that a set of qualification requirements has
been met at a certain place and time and maintained over time. The credibility of the entity that is conducting the
certification establishes the value of that certification. Certification also implies that over time the certified indi-
vidual has maintained the skills and knowledge of the original qualification requirements.
2) Qualification to a Standard vs. Certification by an Organization: A welder may take a qualification test to any
one of many standards. The outcome of that qualification test may result in a welder certification being issued by
a certifying entity. While the welder is qualified under the requirements of the standard, they are certified by a
certifying entity. When a welder is qualified to an AWS code or standard, it does not necessarily mean they are
certified by the AWS.
If the end user requires an “AWS Certified Welder,” the welder must be tested at an AWS Accredited Test Facility,
not simply qualified according to a specific standard. The end user determines the standard that will be followed
during the test.
3) Essential Variable: Essential variables (qualification variables) are conditions described in the applicable
qualification standard that, if changed, will affect the ability of the welder or welding operator to produce a sound
weld.
4) Maintenance of Qualification vs. Maintenance of Certification: The applicable qualification standard a welder
is qualified to determines the time limit of that qualification. The following descriptions briefly identify the dif-
ference between the maintenance of a qualification and of a certification:
• A welder’s qualifications remain in effect, provided he or she meets the requirements of the applicable qualifica-
tion standard. For example, most standards state that as long as the welder welds using a specific process within
a specific time-frame and their employer documents the use of that specific process, the welder will continue to
be considered qualified to weld in that process under that standard. It is ultimately the welder’s responsibility to
record his or her maintenance of qualification or certification.
• Certification has a “maintenance of certification.” In other words, the certifying body (i.e., AWS, Canadian
Welding Bureau [CWB], etc.) may require the welder to take action in addition to the requirements of the stand-
ard to which the welder has been qualified in order to maintain their certification. For example, the certifying
body may require the welder to send in a renewal form and fee periodically to have their certification renewed.
5) Performance Qualification Test: A test given to a welder to demonstrate his or her ability to deposit sound weld
metal following a specific qualification standard. A welder who passes a performance qualification test will use
the results of the test to indicate to employers that the welder is able to meet the requirements of a specific task.
The employer is ultimately responsible for the qualification of all personnel involved in welding at their job sites,
even if they choose to subcontract the welder testing.
6) Qualifier: The employer, organization, or individual responsible for conducting and supervising qualification
testing.
7) Routing Sheet: A routing sheet is a checklist of the sequence of tasks to be followed during the testing process
and ensures consistency across tests. The routing sheet can also act as legal documentation when qualifiers record
on it what happened during the test and then save that record for a specified amount of time. This length of time
is determined by the qualifier and should be included in a document retention policy. (See the sample routing
sheet in Appendix 1 [pg A1:1] for more information.)
8) Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPS): AWS publishes Standard Welding Procedure
Specifications that provide consensus-approved welding procedures for what is considered to be common weld-
ing applications used by the industry. The purpose of these specifications include the following:
• Minimizes the cost of repeated qualification of the common applications, using the common welding processes
on the common materials.

3
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

○ Common applications: sheet, plate, structures, and pipe

○ Common welding processes: gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas
metal arc welding (GMAW), and flux-cored arc welding (FCAW).
○ Common materials: carbon steels, stainless steels, and select low-alloy steels
• Minimizes the cost associated with the review of common welding procedures by the industry.
• Provides a uniform format addressing the common variables mandated by the major qualification standards,
such as AWS, ASME, the National Board Inspection Code (NBIC), and the various military standards.
The following are a few points to remember regarding the of use of an AWS SWPS:
• SWPSs must be purchased from the AWS.
• The employer decides which SWPS best fits the production work.
• Each SWPS comes with a license and cannot be further distributed beyond the licensee.
• Most AWS SWPSs are accepted by other standards (but not all).
9) Welder Performance Qualification Record (WPQR): A WPQR is a record of the variables that were followed
during the welding of a test coupon and the results of any required testing. This record typically also indicates the
range(s) and/or limitations for which the welder is qualified to weld within. This document should not be con-
fused with a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR), which is associated with qualification of the WPS, not the
welder.
A WPQR is known by many names. The following is a list of some of the most common names given to this document:
• Welder Qualification Test Record (WQTR)
• Performance Qualification Test Record (PQTR)
• Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ)
• Welding Operator Performance Qualification (WOPQ) (applies to machine and/or automatic welding)
10) Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS): A WPS is a document that establishes the required welding variables
for a specific application to ensure repeatability by properly trained welders and welding operators. In other
words, a WPS provides the welder with a set of instructions that must be followed to correctly make a weld.
A WPS can be developed by anyone trained to do so, provided it addresses all the requirements of the standard to which
it is written, which must be the same standard as that to which the welder is being qualified. The qualifier must verify the
WPS to be used includes the proper parameters for the test being given.
A WPS specifies the following:
• Base metals that may be welded
• Filler metals and electrodes that must be used
• Joint design
• Preheating requirements
• Post weld heat treatment
• Any other conditions that must be satisfied to make a weld

Pre-Test Investigation
The qualifier is responsible for collecting relevant information and establishing certain criteria prior to conducting any
welder performance qualification test. A routing sheet, like the sample in Appendix 1 (pg A1:1), can be used to standard-
ize the information gathering process to ensure no necessary information is overlooked during the pre-test investigation.

4
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

As the sample routing sheet indicates, the first criteria the qualifier needs to establish is the standard under which quali-
fication is being performed. This qualification standard identifies requirements (such as visual examination, acceptance
criteria, mechanical and nondestructive testing) that determine which materials, equipment, and resources should be
available during the test. The qualification standard also determines the preparations that should be made by the qualifier
before testing begins.
The same process may be tested to different qualification standards and each standard will include its own requirements.
Because these requirements may vary from standard to standard, the qualifier must take great care when shifting from one
standard to another to make sure all requirements of each specified standard are met.
Sometimes requirements vary from edition to edition of the same standard. The qualifier should identify the correct edi-
tion during the pre-test investigation and should work only from that specified edition when planning for and conducting
the welder performance qualification test. If a specific edition is not specified, the qualifier should use the latest edition
of the standard. It is also important that the qualifier record the exact edition of the standard being used for the test. It is
not sufficient to simply list “AWS D1.1” but rather “AWS D1.1:2015” if that is the actual edition used.
While identifying the applicable qualification standard, other information can also be gathered, such as any coupon dis-
posal requirements or any other special requirements from the employer, such as visual appearance, that are not already
in the qualification standard.
The Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) should
also be acquired from the employer during the pre-test GOOD TO KNOW:
investigation and reviewed by the qualifier to ensure it is
AWS suggests that the minimum qualification for
appropriate for the intended test and that there are no glar-
someone to develop a WPS should be a Senior
ing inconsistencies or errors. If a welder attempts to
Certified Welding Inspector (SCWI). The employer
engage a qualifier for the purpose of conducting a welder
is ultimately responsible for the qualification of
performance qualification test and does not provide a
personnel and is responsible for ensuring the
WPS, the qualifier should interview the welder or
accuracy of the WPS; however, the qualifier can and
employer to determine exactly what the welder is sup-
should bring attention to obvious errors. (See AWS
posed to be qualified to do. Alternatively, the qualifier
B2.1, Specification for Welding Procedure and
may use a Standard Welding Procedure Specification
Performance Qualification, for more information on
(SWPS) from AWS to qualify a welder as long as it meets
employer/qualifier responsibilities.)
the requirements of the employer.
Beside the applicable qualification standard and the WPS,
the pre-test investigation typically results in the collection of at least the following information:
• Welding process to be used (e.g., SMAW, GTAW, GMAW, etc.)
• Pipe size and the schedule or the thickness of plate making up the test coupon (e.g., NPS 3, Schedule 80, NPS 6,
0.432” wall thickness, 3/8” thick plate, etc.)
• Test coupon specification, including type and grade (e.g., SA-106 Gr. B, SA-53 Gr. B, A-36, etc.)
• Position of the test coupon (e.g., 1G, 2G, 3G, etc.)
• Whether the joint is welded from one side or from both sides:
○ If the joint is to be welded from one side, it should be decided whether backing, a consumable insert
(for GTAW only), or no backing is going to be used.
• Whether or not backing gas is used:
○ This is only applicable when welding is done from one side of the groove.
○ This is typically applicable for GTAW, GMAW, and PAW.
• Type and mixture of shielding gas (when applicable, e.g., AWS A5.32 (ISO14175)-M20-ArC10)
• The identification number, revision, and date of the WPS to be followed
• The electrode(s) or filler metal that will be used and how to identify them:

5
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

○ Classification (e.g., E7018)

○ Specification (e.g., AWS A5.1)
• Electrical characteristics:
○ The current type and polarity for the applicable welding process (e.g. Direct Current Electrode Positive, Direct
Current Electrode Negative, or Alternating Current)
○ The transfer mode: GMAW and FCAW
• The direction of progression (uphill or downhill) that the welder will use:
○ Progression may be different for the root pass than for the fill passes. If this is the case, the approximate deposit
thickness for each direction of progression should be recorded.
• The approximate thickness of weld metal deposited with each process or electrode type when more than one proc-
ess or electrode type is used on the test coupon
• Any other relevant elements or special considerations or requests from the employer:
○ Note that some employer requirements are much more rigorous than those in the common qualification
standards.

Logistical Preparation for the Test

The qualification standard, as well as any special requirements, affect the preparations and scheduling necessary to suc-
cessfully conduct a welder performance qualification test. The qualifier is responsible for ensuring all such preparations
are completed prior to testing.
This section explains some of the most common logistics to be considered before conducting a test.
Scheduling and Capacity
The qualifier should know the answer to all the following questions and have the logistics worked out for each before the
test date:
• Number of Welders: How many welders will be tested at once?
○ A qualifier should never test more people at a time than can be effectively supervised or more than is safe to test
using the available workstations, equipment, and materials.
• Number of Tests per Welder and Session: Will welder(s) be attempting multiple tests or one test in the same
session?
• Estimated Duration of Test: How long will each test take to complete?
• Time Limitations: Is there a time limit?
○ The qualifier should contact the employer to find out if there is a time limit for completion of the test. The welder
should be given a reasonable time to set up the machine and run a few practice beads.
Facility Set Up
In general, a facility where welder performance qualification testing is being administered should satisfy the following
requirements:
○ Welding equipment used for welder performance qualification testing must be capable of delivering the power
required by the WPS. Welding power sources used for welder performance qualification tests must have the
electrical output of the machine verified using a calibrated volt-amp meter on the machine or the qualifier must
have calibrated voltmeters and ammeters in place.
○ The facility must be safe. The qualifier is responsible for inspecting all tools, power equipment, and power
sources. The qualifier is responsible for ensuring the environment is suitable for conducting the test, including
lighting, ventilation, weld curtains, fire extinguishers, first aid, and safety.

6
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

• The qualifier must have the equipment and tools

needed to test and inspect the welds in accordance GOOD TO KNOW:
with the acceptance criteria in the applicable quali-
See AWS B5.4, Specification for the Qualification
fication standard.
of Welder Test Facilities, to find more detailed
• The qualifier should verify that Post-Weld Heat guidelines for setting up a welder performance
Treatment (PWHT) is either not required by the qualification test facility.
WPS or that the applicable qualification standard
See AWS QC47, Specification for AWS Certification
exempts welder test coupons from PWHT. If
of Welders and Accreditation of Test Facilities, to
PWHT is required, the qualifier must arrange for
find guidelines on how to become an AWS
this heat treatment by a qualified organization.
Accredited Test Facility.
• If power tools are allowed during the test, they
may be supplied by the facility; otherwise, the
welder should provide their own. The question of who is supplying power tools should be determined ahead of
time.
○ NOTE: Even if power tools are supplied by the welder, the qualifier is responsible for ensuring they are safe to
use during the test.
Cost Factors
To appropriately price welding qualification tests, qualifiers should take the following into account:
• Equipment
• Materials (including practice materials)
GOOD TO KNOW:
• Time
Welders are often confused by the administrative fee
• Labor and the certification application fee, thinking these
are the full cost of the test. Welders or employers
• Administrative and application fees
should be made aware of the full cost prior to testing.
• Destructive and nondestructive testing (NDT)
requirements
• Any other fees or consumables necessary to complete the test
• Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPSs)

Testing Materials
The qualifier should determine who will be supplying the test coupons. The coupons and the base metal from which the
coupons will be made should always come from a reputable source. Often the qualifier supplies these materials.
Whether or not testing materials are supplied by the qualifier, it remains the qualifier’s responsibility to validate that the
material meets the requirements of the qualification standard and is in compliance with the WPS. This verification can be
done using Material Test Reports (MTRs), manufacturer’s markings on the material, or through other valid documenta-
tion or traceability procedures. Best practice is to keep materials organized, segregated, and secured.
The qualifier should not accept materials from the welder without further investigation.
Traceability
Test materials can be purchased from sources that have procedures for traceability of materials. As a minimum, the
specification and grade should be marked on the material or should be traceable by other means, such as color coding. If
traceable by other means, a written procedure should be implemented.
Consumables:
Consumables are things that can be bought or replaced and are consumed during the testing process. The qualifier
must validate the consumables are correct for the WPS. Consumables might include, but are not limited to, any of the
following:

7
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

• Electrodes
• Filler material
• Temperature measuring crayons
• Contact tips
• Grinding wheels
• Torch shielding gas
• Root shielding gas

Retention and Disposal

Prior to the test, the qualifier and employer should determine who will be responsible for storing or disposing of test
specimens or radiographic film. Some contracts require qualifiers to retain bend specimens for a given amount of time,
such as six months. When no requirement is in place, the best practice is to include retention time and proper disposal in
the qualifier’s written procedures.

Conclusion
When the pre-test investigation is comprehensively performed, a welder performance qualification test can be success-
fully conducted with minimal errors, delays, or mishaps. Routing sheets (like the sample in Appendix 1 [pg A1:1]) and/
or other checklists standardize the pre-test investigation process. Regular use of routing sheets and other written proce-
dures help ensure accuracy and consistency and help protect the qualifier from potential disputes.
During the pre-test investigation, the qualifier should determine the applicable qualification standard (including which
edition of that qualification standard should be applied) and acquire the WPS from the employer. Alternatively, the quali-
fier may use Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPSs) from AWS to qualify a welder as long as it meets the
requirements of the employer. Any other relevant information and requirements should also be collected during this stage.
Scheduling and preparation of the facility are also the responsibility of the qualifier during the pre-test investigation.
The next chapter describes the process for conducting a welder performance qualification test.

8
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Conducting the Test: Using a Routing Sheet

A routing sheet is a standardized checklist of actions that should be completed to effectively conduct a welder qualifica-
tion test. When used correctly, a routing sheet also becomes a record of exactly what happened during a particular test.
That documentation, along with the signatures of the qualifier and welder, make the routing sheet a legal document that
can be used to safeguard the qualifier in the event of future welder or employer complaints. The importance of proper
documentation for each and every test conducted cannot be emphasized enough.
This section first discusses the qualifier’s responsibilities on the day of the test and then demonstrates how to correctly
conduct and document a welder qualification test by walking through each step of the sample routing sheet found in
Appendix 1 (pg A1:1).

Qualifier Responsibilities
The qualifier has the opportunity and responsibility to
create an atmosphere conducive to success before the test GOOD TO KNOW:
even begins. This atmosphere can be established by mak-
ing sure the welder knows what to expect and by avoiding The qualifier must have the applicable qualification
subjects or interactions that negatively affect him or her. standard and a valid WPS present for the test being
Topics that should be explained by the qualifier are performed.
covered in the next section and are listed in the welder
orientation table on page 2 of the sample routing sheet
(pg A1:2).
What to Avoid
It may be tempting to comment on the difficulty of the test the welder will be performing in order to put him or her at
ease. Unfortunately, such statements often have the opposite effect and should be avoided. The best way to set the welder
at ease is to provide clear explanations of how the test will proceed and what is expected.
Qualifiers should avoid configuring the test or testing facility and conducting the test in any way that could deviate from
the requirements of the qualification standard.

Procedure
The sample routing sheet in Appendix 1 lists the steps that should be taken to effectively conduct a welder qualification
test. The images in this section are pulled from that sample routing sheet.
Information Gathering (pages A1:1 and A1:2)
As discussed in the Pre-Test Investigation section, the procedure for conducting a welder qualification test always begins
with the collection of relevant information. As seen on page A1:1, the information that should be gathered first includes
the unique identifier assigned by the qualifier to the test, the WPS to be followed, and the applicable qualification stand-
ard. The welder’s name, contact information, some form of identification, and their employer should also be recorded.
Qualifiers should identify themselves and, if he or she is a Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) or a Senior Certified

9
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

ROUTING SHEET
Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

INFORMATION GATHERING (COMPLETE PRIOR TO TESTING)

Unique Test ID #
WPS Used for Qualification Test

(Pick 1) SWPS #

Other WPS #
Applicable Qualification Standard

TEST DATE (DD-MMM-YYYY) e.g., 02-NOV-2016

WELDER’S NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIP CODE
PHONE CONTACT #
EMAIL
Welder Identification Verification (must be a valid Photo ID Driver’s License #
government issued photo ID) Type
Passport #
Copy or photo of document presented Other (include
made for file. unique identifier on
document)
Employer (if employer-directed test)

QUALIFIER NAME (performance testing)

CWI/SCWI # (If applicable)
CWI/SCWI Expiration Date

Disposition of Test Coupon(s)/Specimen(s) Retained by qualifier

Returned to customer

Destroyed and discarded by qualifier

10
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Welding Inspector (SCWI), the qualifier should enter their CWI/SCWI number and expiration date. Otherwise, “N/A”
can be used in both fields to indicate the qualifier is not a CWI or SCWI. The qualifier should also indicate who is respon-
sible for disposal of test coupons or specimens.
At the top of page A1:2, welding test variables can be recorded. This should also be done before the test begins.

ROUTING SHEET
Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

WELDING TEST VARIABLES

Type of Weld Groove Fillet Other

Test Position(s) 1G 4G 1F 3F DN
(check all that apply)
2G 5G 2F 4F
ROUTING SHEET
3G UP 6G 2FR 5F
Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)
3G DN 6GR 3F UP
WELDING TEST VARIABLES
Material Type Tested Plate/Sheet: Thickness(es)
Type of Weld Groove Fillet Other
Pipe: Diameter Thickness(es)
Test Position(s) 1G 4G 1F 3F DN
(check all that apply) M/P Number to
2G 5G 2F 4F

WELDER ORIENTATION 3G UP 6G 2FR 5F

Welder Orientation (page A1:2)
The purpose
ACTION of the welder orientation is to advise the
3Gwelder
DN on6GR
how the3Fperformance
UP test will be conducted
QUALIFIER and what is
INITIALS
expected from
Material
1. Safetythem.
Type The qualifier can perform the welder orientation
Tested explained and welder PPEPlate/Sheet:
procedures according
confirmed Thickness(es) to their own preferences as long as the
end result is that the welder understands the testing process and requirements prior to beginning the test.
2. Proper hand tools
During 3.
theProper
welderpower
orientation,
tools the qualifier will explain
Pipe:important
Diameteraspects of the test. This explanation should include a
Thickness(es)
thorough review of at least the following:
4. Review WPS and Routing Sheet with Welder.M/P Determine
NumberAdditional potential
tohold
points per WPS (i.e. amps, volts, travel speed, back gouging, etc. and record, if
applicable)
WELDER ORIENTATION
5. Ensure any application and/or maintenance process is reviewed with the welder.
I ACTION
have reviewed the appropriate qualification standard and the WPS to be used for this testQUALIFIER
and agree that it is
INITIALS
appropriate for its intended purpose. I have received orientation on test and safety procedures. I understand
1. Safety
that procedures
this is the first step explained and welder PPE
of welder certification confirmed
and that the coupons I complete today must undergo further
testing before certification
2. Proper hand tools can be determined. Successful completion will depend on meeting the requirements
of the governing code for NDE or destructive testing. I understand the test can be terminated at any point at the
3. Properofpower
discretion tools if I do not follow directions or if I act in an unsafe manner.
the Qualifier
4. Review WPS and Routing Sheet with Welder. Determine Additional potential hold
points of
Signature per WPS (i.e. amps, volts, travel speed, back gouging, etc. and record, if
Welder
applicable)
5. Ensure anyRESPONSIBILITIES
QUALIFIER application and/or maintenance process is reviewed with the welder.
I have reviewed the appropriate qualification standard and the WPS to be used for this test and agree that it is
appropriate
ACTION for its intended purpose. I have received orientation on test and safety procedures. I understand
QUALIFIER INITIALS
that this is the first step of welder qualification and that the coupons I complete today must undergo further
1. Equipment function
testing before qualification can be determined. Successful completion will depend on meeting the requirements
of the governing
1.1. Zero outcode for NDE or destructive testing. I understand the test can be terminated at any point at the
machine
discretion of the Qualifier if I do not follow directions or if I act in an unsafe manner.
1.2. Verify Calibration (either per calibration program or actual measurement)
2. Base materials/consumables
Signature of Welder in accordance with the WPS
2.1. Material Specification and Grade (base materials)
QUALIFIER RESPONSIBILITIES
2.2. Consumables per WPS
11
ACTION QUALIFIER INITIALS
1. Equipment function
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test
ROUTING SHEET
Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)
• Safety policies and procedures, including PPE requirements
WELDING TEST VARIABLES
• Which hand or power tools are allowed (if any)
• The Type
WPSofand
Weld
routing sheet Groove Fillet Other
Test Position(s) 1G 4G 1F 3F DN
• Any (check
application
all thatand/or
apply) maintenance processes relevant to the test
2G 5G 2F 4F
The qualifier should impress upon the welder that no unsafe behavior will be tolerated. The welder should understand that
the qualifier has the authority to terminate the test at3G
anyUP 6G
point should the2FR 5F to follow established safety policies
welder fail
and procedures. The following safety information should be discussed:
3G DN 6GR 3F UP
• Proper PPE Type Tested
Material Plate/Sheet: Thickness(es)
• Safe power tool use (if applicable)
Pipe: Diameter Thickness(es)
• Locations of fire exits, fire extinguishers, first aid stations, etc.
M/P Number to
• Any other relevant safety guidelines
WELDER ORIENTATION
When the qualifier reviews the routing sheet with the welder, it should be made clear that the welder will be expected to
stop activities after each of the designated hold points until authorized to continue by the qualifier (see page A1:3 for a
ACTION QUALIFIER INITIALS
list of hold points in the sample routing sheet). If the welder proceeds without the qualifier’s initials, the test can be ter-
minated by1.the
Safety procedures explained and welder PPE confirmed
qualifier.
2. Proper hand tools
The qualifier should also ensure the welder understands what constitutes satisfactory performance for each hold point.
3. Proper power tools
At the conclusion
4. ReviewofWPS
the welder orientation
and Routing Sheet withand beforeDetermine
Welder. moving Additional
on with any part hold
potential of the test, the welder should sign the
routing sheet points
indicating that(i.e.
per WPS he or she volts,
amps, understands whatback
travel speed, is expected
gouging,during
etc. andthe test. ifRemember, the signatures of both the
record,
applicable)
welder and qualifier are what make the routing sheet a legal document. Without the welder’s signature, there is no proof
that the welder orientation
5. Ensure occurred.
any application Anymaintenance
and/or mistakes orprocess
misconduct made with
is reviewed by the
thewelder
welder. may then become the responsibility
of the qualifier should disputes later arise.
I have reviewed the appropriate qualification standard and the WPS to be used for this test and agree that it is
Qualifierappropriate for its intended
Responsibilities purpose. I have received orientation on test and safety procedures. I understand
(page A1:2)
that this is the first step of welder certification and that the coupons I complete today must undergo further
Before thetesting before
test can certification
begin, can bemust
the qualifier determined.
verify Successful
the equipment completion will depend
calibration on meeting
and check the requirements
the base materials and consuma-
of the governing code for NDE or destructive testing. I understand the test can be terminated at any point at the
bles to ensure everything is properly prepared. Not completing this inspection can
discretion of the Qualifier if I do not follow directions or if I act in an unsafe manner.
put the qualifier in jeopardy because
improperly calibrated equipment or incorrect base materials and consumables could affect the welder’s ability to success-
fully complete the of
Signature test.
Welder

QUALIFIER RESPONSIBILITIES

ACTION QUALIFIER INITIALS

1. Equipment function
1.1. Zero out machine
1.2. Verify Calibration (either per calibration program or actual measurement)
2. Base materials/consumables in accordance with the WPS
2.1. Material Specification and Grade (base materials)
2.2. Consumables per WPS

Weld Test Hold Points (page A1:3)

The welder qualification test begins with the first hold point under the Weld Test Hold Points section of the sample rout-
ing sheet. Again, each hold point must be approved by the qualifier, indicated by the qualifier’s initials.
Hold Point 1
Allow the welder time to set up parameters on the power source and a reasonable amount of time to practice in the appro-
priate position before the qualification test begins. At the conclusion of the welder’s practice time, the qualifier should
document the voltage and/or amperage settings of the power source to be used during testing.

12
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

ROUTING SHEET
Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

WELD TEST HOLD POINTS (REPRODUCE AS NECESSARY FOR MULTIPLE COUPONS)

ACTION POSITION OF TEST _____ QUALIFIER INITIALS

1. Allow welder reasonable time for a practice session and verify welder’s chosen ma-
chine settings per WPS. After practice is complete, verify and record actual welding
parameters to be used for Process #1 (root pass).

VOLTS AMPS
2. Verify coupon conforms to WPS (size, cleaned, and degree of bevel correct)
3. Mark test coupons with unique identification
4. Have welder fit up and tack weld joint per WPS (tacking may be done in any
position)
5. Verify fit up of test coupons after tacking
6. Have welder position the tacked coupon
7. Verify proper test position before welding begins; mark top of coupon if applicable
8. Have welder complete the root pass and clean for visual inspection
9. Root pass visual inspection Pass Fail (end of test)

10.If process changes, measure deposited weld metal thickness for process #1. Then
verify and record actual welding parameters for process #2.

PROCESS #1: APPROXIMATE THICKNESS OF WELD

PROCESS #2: VOLTS AMPS

11.Resume welding with periodic observation of fill passes and cleaning methods by
the welder and verify technique in accordance with WPS
12.Complete the test weld following the WPS (coupon remains in test position for visu-
al inspection)
13.Welder to clean weld for visual inspection
14.Final visual inspection Pass Fail (end of test)

15.Coupon is to be kept in as-welded condition for further testing and evaluation

I attest that I have conducted this welder performance qualification test in accordance with the appropriate
standards to the best of my ability. This signature does not constitute welder certification.

Signature of Qualifier

Hold Point 2
The qualifier must verify the coupons being used match the requirements of the WPS and applicable qualification stand-
ard; this includes material type, spec and grade, coupon size, thickness, and edge geometry, including degree and depth
of bevel (if applicable).
Hold Point 3
All coupons and backing material should be marked with the previously established identification that’s traceable back
to the welder for each test. The method of marking should be resistant to erasure (stencils, engraving, stamps, etching,
etc.) and follow the qualifier’s standard practice.

13
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Hold Points 4 and 5

The welder fits up and tacks the test assembly. The qualifier must then verify the joint geometry is within the parameters
of the WPS being used for testing (e.g., groove angle, alignment, root face, root opening, etc.).
Hold Points 6 and 7
The welder must now affix (via clamping or tacking) the coupon in the proper position according to the specific test being
administered. Once the test position is verified by the qualifier, it should not be adjusted or removed without permission
from the qualifier.
The qualifier needs to verify the position of the coupon is correct, both before and during the welding. Best practice is for
the qualifier to place an inconspicuous mark somewhere on the coupon so any unauthorized movement of the test piece
can be detected. The qualifier should apply any other markings designated by specific tests or standards, such as the top
of the plate or pipe (if needed).
Hold Points 8 and 9
After the welder completes the root pass, he or she should clean the pass for inspection and notify the qualifier. The
qualifier then inspects the root pass for visual acceptance per the applicable qualification standard. If the root pass fails
visual criteria, the test is ended. If the coupon fails, the qualifier should cross out the remaining portion of the test
in the routing sheet and note the reason for failure in the results section.
Hold Point 10
If multiple processes are being used on a weldment at the transition from process 1 to process 2, the qualifier needs to
document the approximate thickness of the weld metal of process 1 and document the voltage and/or amperage being
used in accordance with process 2. The qualifier should also verify it is within the range of the WPS being used for the
test.
Hold Point 11
The welder should finish fill passes and the cap pass, if applicable. The qualifier should periodically observe the welder’s
progress.
Hold Point 12
Once the weld is complete, the welder should notify the qualifier before removing the coupon from the welding position.
Hold Point 13
The welder should clean the coupon for visual inspection. (NOTE: Cleaning is the removal of slag, soot or other foreign
material only. No weld metal should be removed during cleaning.)
Hold Point 14
After the test is completed, the qualifier should encourage the GOOD TO KNOW:
welder to visually examine their weld, but the final inspection is
done by the qualifier. The qualifier should apply visual accept- When the test is documented on the routing
ance criteria from the applicable qualification standard and deter- sheet correctly, it should be easy to under-
mine acceptability. If the weld fails visual inspection criteria, stand exactly what happened through every
the test is ended. If the coupon fails, the qualifier should cross step of the process should someone need to
out the remaining portion of the test in the routing sheet and review the event at a later date.
note the reason for failure in the results section.
If the test coupon does not pass inspection, it is suggested that the qualifier does not simply tell the welder they have
failed, but rather that he or she shows the welder how the test coupon did not meet the requirements of the applicable
qualification standard.
Hold Point 15
The coupon needs to be kept in the as-welded condition for further testing and evaluation if applicable. This is important
if the coupons will be mechanically tested by another qualifier.

14
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Signature of Qualifier
The qualifier must sign below the test section of the routing sheet to signify verification of completion. Remember, sig-
natures are what make the routing sheet a legal document that can protect the qualifier should future disputes arise.

Specimen Preparation for Mechanical Testing (page A1:4)

This section follows the steps under the Specimen Preparation for Mechanical Testing section of the sample routing sheet
found in Appendix 1 (pg A1:4). Note that mechanical testing may or may not be required, but if it is applicable, the
qualifier must approve and initial each action before further actions can be taken.
Action 1
The qualifier should determine the location of test specimens using the applicable qualification standard and mark the test
piece accordingly.
Action 2
The qualifier should verify that the previously established test ID is transferred to each specimen location prior to removal
to ensure traceability.
Action 3
The qualifier should remove test specimens per the applicable qualification standard.
Action 4
The qualifier should provide instructions about the preferred grinding method and orientation. Only the appropriate
amount of material should be removed.
Action 5
Prior to performing any testing, the qualifier should verify the geometry (including edge preparation) of the test specimen
in accordance with the applicable qualification standard. For improperly prepared test specimens, some standards may
allow another specimen to be cut from the coupon if there is enough material. Improperly prepared specimens should not
be tested.

ROUTING SHEET
Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

SPECIMEN PREPARATION FOR MECHANICAL TESTING (If applicable)

ACTION POSITION OF TEST _____ QUALIFIER INITIALS

1. Locate test specimens per applicable code or standard
2. Verify that unique test ID # has been transferred to each specimen
3. Remove test specimens per applicable code or standard
4. Instruct welder on grinding and orientation of grinding of test specimens (if
applicable)
5. Verification of finished test specimen geometry after grinding (thickness, width,
corner radius, etc.)
6. Verification of operation and dimensions of bend test equipment
7. Verification of direction of bending (root, face, or side)
8. Verification of the position of the weld and that HAZ is within the bent portion
9. Final evaluation of bent specimens per applicable code or standard

MECHANICAL TESTING RESULTS

Guided Bend Tests (as required by applicable standard)

Pass Fail Notes

Face 1 15

Face 2
 Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test
SPECIMEN PREPARATION FOR MECHANICAL TESTING (If applicable)

ACTION
Actions 6–8 POSITION OF TEST _____ QUALIFIER INITIALS
1. Locate test specimens per applicable code or standard
The qualifier must verify the operation of the bend test equipment and that the dimensions of that equipment are in com-
2. Verify
pliance with that unique testqualification
the applicable ID # has been transferred to each specimen
standard.
The3.qualifier
Remove test specimens
should per applicable
verify the correct codewill
bend radius or standard
be used as required for the thickness of the test specimens and the
materials fromwelder
4. Instruct which on
thegrinding
test coupon
andisorientation
made. Theofqualifier
grindingmust then
of test verify the(ifdirection in which the specimens are to
specimens
be bent and the number of specimens to be bent in each specific direction. The qualifier should position the specimens
applicable)
accordingly and perform the bends to ensure the position of the weld and the heat-affected zone are within the bent por-
5. Verification of finished test specimen geometry after grinding (thickness, width,
tion of the specimen.
corner radius, etc.)
Action 9
6. Verification of operation and dimensions of bend test equipment
The7.qualifier should
Verification locate and
of direction apply the(root,
of bending applicable
face, oracceptance
side) criteria from the qualification standard to determine
acceptability.
8. Verification of the position of the weld and that HAZ is within the bent portion
9. Final evaluation of bent specimens per applicable code or standard

MECHANICAL TESTING RESULTS

Guided Bend Tests (as required by applicable standard)

Pass Fail Notes

Face 1

Face 2

Root 1

Root 2

Side 1

Side 2

Side 3

Side 4

Mechanical Testing Results (page A1:4)

If guided bend testing is required by the applicable qualification standard, all results of that testing should be recorded in
this section of the routing sheet.

16
 ROUTING SHEET Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

OTHER MECHANICAL TESTING (AS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE STANDARD)

Guided Bend Tests (as required by applicable standard)

Pass Fail Notes

Nick Break

ROUTING
Fillet Break
SHEET
Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

Tensile MECHANICAL TESTING (AS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE STANDARD)

OTHER
Guided Bend Tests (as required by applicable standard)

Macro-etch
Pass Fail Notes
Nick Break
Other:

Fillet Break
Radiographic Testing (in
lieu of bends)
Tensile
Laboratory Report Yes Report #:

Macro-etch No

Radiographic Interpreter
Name RT Level II RT Level III AWS CRI
Other:

OVERALL TEST SUMMARY (REQUIRED)

Radiographic Testing (in
lieu of bends)
Pass
Laboratory Report Report #:
Other Mechanical
Fail Testing (page A1:5)Yes
If mechanical testing
Reason other
(if test than guidedNobend tests are required by the applicable qualification standard, the results of
failed):
those tests can be documented under this section of the routing sheet.
Radiographic Interpreter
Name RT Level II RT Level III AWS CRI

OVERALL TEST SUMMARY (REQUIRED)

I attest that I have conducted this welder performance qualification test in accordance with the appropriate
Pass
standards to the best of my ability. This signature does not constitute welder certification.
Fail
Signature of Qualifier
Reason (if test failed):

I attest that I have conducted this welder performance qualification test in accordance with the appropriate
standards to the best of my ability. This signature does not constitute welder certification.

Signature of Qualifier

17
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Overall Test Summary (page A1:5)

The qualifier must indicate if the welder passed or failed by marking the appropriate box. Details supporting a failed test
should be well documented in this test summary section. Other notes describing the test can be recorded here as well,
even if the welder doesn’t fail.
Signature of Qualifier
The qualifier must sign this page as well to confirm the results of the test, even if the test is terminated for any reason
prior to testing of the specimens.

Retests
Provisions for retests are covered in some qualification standards. If the applicable qualification standard does not address
retests, the current version of AWS B2.1 Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification, should be
followed.

Conclusion
Thorough documentation of the test, as well as signatures from the welder and qualifier, make the routing sheet a legal
document that can be used to protect the qualifier should any future disputes arise.
When conducting welder qualification tests, the qualifier is responsible for appropriately preparing the facility, equip-
ment, and the welders to ensure the welders understand what is expected, remain safe, and cannot cheat.
The welder must stop at each hold point identified on the routing sheet to allow the qualifier time to check their work.
Qualifiers should write their initials next to each hold point in the routing sheet as a means of recording that that hold
point was examined and the welder was successful up to that point.
If the welder fails at any hold point, the qualifier should cross out the remainder of the routing sheet or checklist and
record the reason for failure in the results section.
The qualifier is responsible for ensuring the test coupon is removed, inspected, and cleaned correctly, according to the
applicable qualification standard.
The next section identifies what is expected of the qualifier after a welder qualification test has been conducted.

18
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Post-Test Activities
Although the results of the welder performance qualification test are
recorded on the routing sheet, an official Welder Performance Qualification GOOD TO KNOW:
Record (WPQR) will also need to be filled out by the qualifier and pro-
vided to the welder at the conclusion of the test. The WPQR is the official Be sure to consult the applicable
documentation that the welder performance qualification test was con- qualification standard to ensure you
ducted following a specific WPS and in accordance with the requirements are aware of differences between
of an applicable qualification standard. qualification standards and that you
document any required variables on
This section briefly describes the process for correctly filling out a WPQR. the WPQR. Most code books provide
The example WPQR used in this section is generic for training purposes a sample form for the WPQR that
and can be found in its entirety in Appendix 2 (pg A2:1). A blank version can be used.
you can print and use is on page A2:2. Another sample WPQR with
instructions can be found in Appendix 3 (pg A3:1).

WPQR Section 1: Data and Configuration (fields 1–43 of the

sample WPQR) GOOD TO KNOW:
The first section of the sample WPQR allows you to document the References to numbered and titled tables
welder’s information as well as specifics about the test type and con- in this section are current as of the
figuration, including base metals and variables. The fields are identi- D1.1:2015 edition. For previous and
fied in brackets throughout. subsequent editions of D1.1, readers are
Fields 1–5 cautioned that the numbers may change.

Record the welder’sAWSname [1], ID number [2], stamp number [3],

D1.1/D1.1M:2015
company [4], and division [5], or at least any of those fields that are
applicable. The welder ID number could be the last four digits of a Social Security number, the welder’s employee
number, or some other unique identifier. The Sample
stamp number wouldPerformance
Welder be the number(s)Qualification Record
and/or letter(s) that may be(Single-Process)
assigned
to the welder by the employer to identifyWELDER,
their work. WELDING OPERATOR,
Remember, procedures ORbeTACK
should in placeWELDER
to protect PERFORMANCE
welders’
personal information. QUALIFICATION RECORD

Name 1 Test Date

ID Number 2 Record No.
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 OPTIONAL ANNEX M
Stamp No. 3 Std. Test No.
PHOTO ID
Company 4 WPS No.
DivisionWelder Performance Qualification
Sample 5 Record (Single-Process) Qualified To
WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR, OR TACK WELDER PERFORMANCE
Fields 6–13 QUALIFICATION RECORD
Type or AWS
BASE METALS Specification Grade Group No. Size (NPS) Schedule Thickness
Name
Record the date the test wasMaterial
Base taken [6], followed by the record number Test Date Rev.
1 6
(unique identifier assigned
ID Number Weldedby 2To
the qualifier to the test) [7], and any Record No. 7 8
record
Stamp No. revision [8]. Enter the
3 standard test number of OPTIONAL
the standard Std. Test No. 9 10
PHOTO ID
Companytest being used for testing [9].4 This is a number that has been assigned WPS No.Values 11 12
VARIABLES Actual RANGE QUALIFIE
to a specific test by aType
Division company.5 The
of Weld Joint
test number will likely include a Qualified To 13
revision number, letter Metalso record that as well [10].
or date,
Base
Type or AWS
Enter the welding procedure
BASE METALS Specification
specification
Grade
(WPS) identification
Group No.
the welder or welding
Size (NPS) Schedule
operator followed during
Thickness
the test
Diameter
[11]. Include the revision14and date of issue
Base Material 15
[12]. Be careful
16
if the identification
Groove17
of the
18
WPS is
Fillet not specific
19
enough
20
to dis-
Groove
Welded tinguish
To it from other WPSs.
Plate For example,
Thickness
21 22 if a company 23 is using a WPS24 named SMAW-1,
25 you 26
might want to27include
additional information, such asThickness
Pipe/Tube “ACME Welding SMAW-1.”
Pipe Diameter
VARIABLES Actual Values RANGE QUALIFIED
Type of Weld Joint 28 29
Base Metal Welding Process 30 19 31
Type (Manual, Semiautomatic,
Mechanized, Automatic)
Groove Fillet Groove Fillet
Plate Thickness Backing 32 33 34 35
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 ANNEX M

Finally, enter the code or specification and the specific edition the welder is qualified to after completing this test (e.g.,
AWS D1.1:2015) [13].Sample Welder Performance Qualification Record (Single-Process)
WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR, OR TACK WELDER PERFORMANCE
Fields 14–27
QUALIFICATION RECORD
Information about the base metal(s) that made up the test coupon should be recorded here; specifically, the specification
NameASTM A572 Grade 42, ASTM A106) [14 and 21], type or grade (e.g., Grade
(e.g., B, Grade 1) [15 and 22], the AWS Rev.
Test Date group
ID Number
number (e.g., Group I, II, etc., from Table 3.1: Approved Base Record No.
Metals for Prequalified WPSs) [16 and 23], the size or
OPTIONAL
Stamp No. Std. Test No.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) [17 and 24], the schedule of pipe orPHOTOtube [18
ID and 25], the thickness [19 and 26], and the diameter
Company WPS No.
[20 and 27]. If the test was given using plate, complete the fields by enteringQualified
Division “N/A” forTo pipe size, schedule, and diameter.
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 ANNEX M
Type or AWS
BASE METALS Specification Grade Group No. Size (NPS) Schedule Thickness Diameter
Base Material
Sample
14
Welder Performance
15
Qualification
16 17
Record (Single-Process)
18 19 20
Welded To WELDER,21WELDING OPERATOR,
22
OR
23
TACK WELDER
24
PERFORMANCE
25 26 27
QUALIFICATION RECORD
VARIABLES Actual
FieldsValues
28–31 RANGE QUALIFIED
Nameof Weld Joint
Type Test Date Rev.
ID Number
Base Metal Enter the OPTIONAL
type of weld jointRecord No. for testing (e.g., groove or fillet)
used
Stamp No. Std. Test No.
GOOD TO KNOW: [28], then PHOTO
the weldIDjoint the welder is qualified to weld [29]. (For plate,
Company WPS No.
Groove reference Table Fillet4.10: Welder and Welding
Groove Operator Qualification—
Fillet
A welder
Division qualified
Plate Thickness on a plate test where Qualified To
he or she welded the test coupon from Production Welding Positions Qualified by Plate Tests. For pipe, refer-
Pipe/Tube Thickness
both sides is considered to have weldedType or ence Table 9.13:
AWS Welder and Welding Operator Qualification—Production
Pipe Diameter
BASE METALS Grade Welding Positions Qualified
Size (NPS) by Plate, Pipe, andThickness
Box Tube Tests.)
the plate with backing.Specification Group No. Schedule Diameter
Base Material
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015
Welding Process ANNEX M
Welded To
Type (Manual, Semiautomatic,
Mechanized, Automatic)
VARIABLES
Backing Sample Welder Performance Qualification Record (Single-Process)
Actual Values RANGE QUALIFIED
Type
Fillerof Weld(AWS
Metal WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR,
Joint Spec.) 28 OR TACK WELDER PERFORMANCE 29
Base
AWSMetal
Classification QUALIFICATION
30 RECORD 31

F-Number
Position
Name Groove Fillet Test Date Groove Fillet
Enter the group number of the material making up the test coupon (e.g., Group II to Group II) [30] and the Rev. group
Plate
IDGroove
Number – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
Thickness Record No.
number(s)
Pipe/Tube
Groove
Stamp No.
the welder
– Thickness
Pipe < 24 in is qualified to weld (see Table 4.8: Table 3.1,
OPTIONAL Table 4.9, and Unlisted
Std. Test No.
Steels Qualified by PQR) [31].
PHOTO ID
Pipe – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
FilletDiameter
Company WPS No.
Fields 32–43
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in
Division Qualified To
Progression
Welding Process Record the thickness of the plate used for testing in a groove [32] or in
GMAW
GOOD
Type Transfer
(Manual, Mode
TOSemiautomatic,
KNOW: Type or a fillet [33],
AWS enter “N/A” into the field of the one not used. If pipe is
Single
BASE or Multiple
METALS Electrodes Grade used for
Mechanized, Automatic) Specification testing,
Group No. enter Size“N/A”
(NPS) in both of these fields.
Schedule Record the
Thickness range of
Diameter
Even
Gas/Flux
Backing
Base ifType
Material the welder tests on pipe, he or
thicknesses of the material that the welder is qualified to weld in grooves
sheMetal
Filler
Welded may
To (AWSstill be qualified to weld on
Spec.)
TEST
AWS RESULTS
Classification
(e.g., 1/8”–3/4”) [34] and in fillets (e.g., 1/8”–unlimited) [35]. (For tests
plate for certain thicknesses.
F-Number on Plate, reference Table 4.11: Welder and Welding Operator
VARIABLES Actual Values Acceptance RANGE QUALIFIED
Position
Type of
Type of Weld
Test Joint Qualification—Number
Criteria and Type of Specimens and Range
Results of Thickness
Remarks
Groove
Base Metal – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in and Diameter Qualified to determine qualification ranges).
Groove – Pipe < 24 in
Fillet – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
Groove Fillet Groove Fillet
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in
Plate Thickness 32 33 34 35
Progression
CERTIFICATION
Pipe/Tube Thickness 36 37 38 39
GMAW
Test Transfer Mode
Conducted
Pipe Diameter by 40 41 42 43
Single
Laboratoryor Multiple Electrodes
Gas/Flux
Test Number Type
Welding Process
Enter the thickness of the pipe wall used for testing in a groove [36] or a fillet [37]. If plate is used for testing enter “N/A”
File Number
TypeRESULTS
TEST (Manual, Semiautomatic,
into these fields.
Mechanized, Enter the thickness of the pipe wall the welder is qualified to weld in grooves [38] and fillets [39]. (For
Automatic)
tests
We, onundersigned,
the certifyTable
pipe, reference 9.14:
that the Welderinand
statements thisWelding Acceptance
record areOperator
correct Qualification—Number
and and Typewelded,
that the test welds were prepared, of Specimens andin
and tested
Backing
Type of Test
accordance Criteria Results Code—Steel. Remarks
Filler Metalwith theSpec.)
requirements of Clause 4 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M (_______)
Range of Thickness and Diameter Qualified to determine qualification
(AWS ranges.) Structural Welding
(year)
AWS Classification
Also record the diameter of the pipe used for testing in a groove [40] or a fillet [41]. If plate or fillet was used for testing,
F-Number
Manufacturer
enter
Position fields 40 _________________________
“N/A”orinContractor and 41. Record the diameter of the pipe Authorized by ___________________________________
the welder is qualified to weld in grooves [42] and the
diameter
Groove –range
Plate &hePipe
or she in qualified to weld in fillets [43]. (If Date
≥ 24is the welder is tested on plate, refer to Table 4.11: Welder
_________________________________________
CERTIFICATION
Groove – Pipe < 24 in
Test
FilletConducted by ≥ 24 in
– Plate & Pipe
Form M-4
Laboratory
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in 20
Test Number
Progression
File Number
GMAW Transfer Mode
Single or Multiple Electrodes
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
Name Test Date Rev.
ID Number Record No.
OPTIONAL Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test
Stamp No. Std. Test No.
PHOTO ID
Company WPS No.
Division Qualified To
and Welding Operator Qualification—Number and Type of Specimens and Range of Thickness and Diameter Qualified
for qualification ranges. If the welder is tested
Typeon
or pipe, refer
AWSto Table 9.14: Welder and Welding Operator Qualification—
BASE METALS Specification Grade Group No. Size (NPS) Schedule Thickness
Number and Type of Specimens and Range of Thickness and Diameter Qualified for qualification ranges.) Diameter
Base Material
Welded To
WPQR Section 2: Welding Process (fields 44–73 of the sample WPQR)
The second section of the WPQR serves to document
VARIABLES the setup of the test during the welding
Actual Values RANGEprocess. Again, the fields
QUALIFIED
that
Typecorrespond
of Weld Jointto each entry below appear in brackets.
Base Metal
Fields 44–49
Record the welding process the welder used
Groove Fillet [44 and 45]. When
to weld the test coupon more than one process
Groove Fillet is used,
use
PlateForm M-5: Sample Welder Qualification Form (Multi-Process) WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR, OR TACK
Thickness
Pipe/Tube Thickness
WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION TEST RECORD from AWS D1.1:2015.
Pipe Diameter

Welding Process 44 45
Type (Manual, Semiautomatic, 47
46
Mechanized, Automatic)
Backing 48 49
Filler Metal (AWS Spec.) 50 51
AWS Classification 52 53
F-Number 54 55
Position 56 57
Groove – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in 58 59
Groove – Pipe < 24 in 60 61
Fillet – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in 62 63
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in 64 65
Progression 66 67
GMAW Transfer Mode 68 69
Single or Multiple Electrodes 70 71
Gas/Flux Type 72 73

TEST RESULTS
Enter the welding process type used for testing [46] and the welding process type(s) the welder is qualified for [47]. Note
Acceptance
that
Typeaofperson
Test who qualifies using manual or semi-automatic welding is classified
Criteria as a welder, while aRemarks
Results person who quali-
fies using a machine or automatic welding is classified as a welding operator. Different forms are required for welding
operators because the variables are also different.
Enter “Used” if backing material was used or “None” if backing material was not used during testing [48]. Enter “With
Backing or Back-gouging” if “Used” was entered in field 48 and “With or Without Backing or Back-gouging” if “None”
CERTIFICATION
was field 48 (Refer to Table 4.12: Welding Personnel Performance Essential Variable Changes Requiring
entered inby
Test Conducted
Requalification)
Laboratory [49].
Test Number
Fields 50–55
File Number
Enter the AWS specification number for the filler metal used
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
during testing
accordance (e.g.,
with the AWS A5.1)
requirements [50]. If
of Clause the
4 of weld
AWS was made
D1.1/D1.1M
GOOD TO KNOW:
(_______) Structural Welding Code—Steel.
without the addition of filler metal, enter “None”. The Range (year)
If the weld is done with the SMAW process it
Qualified in the AWS specification is not an essential variable.
would list the F number used for testing and the
If the Actual
Manufacturer _________________________
Value is listed
or Contractor as A5.1, the Range Qualified Authorized by ___________________________________
lower F numbers and below (e.g., Test with F4,
would be listed as A5.XX or left blank [51]. Date Range Qualified, F4, F3, F2, F1). All other
_________________________________________
Enter the AWS classification number for the filler metal used processes (GMAW, FCAW, GTAW), are all F6,
during
Form testing (e.g., E7018) [52]. If the weld was made with-
M-4 Range qualified, F number will be the same as
out the addition of filler metal, enter “None”. The AWS clas- the Actual Values, the welder does not get the
sification is not an essential variable for the welder. Refer to lower F numbers (e.g., Test with F6, Range
Table 4.12: Welding Personnel Performance Essential Qualified F6) (Table 4.12: Welding Personnel
Variable Changes Requiring Requalification and Table 4.13: Performance Essential Variable Changes
Electrode Classification Groups for a set of AWS classifica- Requiring Requalification and Table 4.13:
tion numbers, or “All” could be used (e.g., Test E7018, Actual Electrode Classification Groups).
Values E70XX, E60XX, E70XX-X) [53].

21
Type of Weld Joint
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 ANNEX M
Base Metal

Sample
Best Practices for Performing Welder
a Welder Performance
Qualification
Groove Test Qualification
Fillet Record (Single-Process)
Groove Fillet
Plate Thickness WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR, OR TACK WELDER PERFORMANCE
Pipe/Tube Thickness QUALIFICATION RECORD
Pipe Diameter
Record the F-number for the filler metal used during testing (e.g., F4) [54] and the F-numbers for which the welder is
Name
qualified based on Table 4.12: Welding
1
Personnel Performance Essential Test Date
Variable Changes Requiring 6 Rev.
Requalification
ID Number
Welding Process 2 Record No. 7 8
and
Stamp
Table
No.
4.13: Electrode Classification Groups [55]. TheOPTIONAL
F-number depends on the welding process
Std. Test No.
and electrode or
Type (Manual, Semiautomatic, 3 9 10
filler
CompanymetalAutomatic)
Mechanized, that was used. If the weld
4
was made without thePHOTOaddition ID of filler metal, write “None” in both fields.
WPS No. 11 12
Backing
Division 5 Qualified To 13
Filler Metal (AWS Spec.) 50 51
AWS Classification Type or 52 AWS 53
F-Number
BASE METALS Specification Grade 54 Group No. Size (NPS) Schedule Thickness
55 Diameter
Position
Base Material
GrooveTo
Welded – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
Fields
Groove 56–73
– Pipe < 24 in
Fillet – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
Leave fields 56 and 57 blank.
VARIABLES Actual Values RANGE QUALIFIED
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in
Type of Weld Joint
Progression
Base Metal Record the test position in which the coupon was welded
GMAW Transfer Mode in the appropriate field (e.g., 1G, 2G, 3G, 1F, 2F, 3F etc.)
GOOD
Single TO KNOW:
or Multiple Electrodes
Groove [58, 60, 62, and 64]. (Refer
Fillet Groove to Figure 4.3: Fillet
Positions of
Gas/Flux Type
Appropriate
Plate Thickness abbreviations for production welding Test Plates for Groove Welds and Figure 4.4: Positions of
positions
Pipe/Tube
TEST
are F, V, H, OH, and A.
Thickness
RESULTS Test Plate for Fillet Welds for test positions.)
Pipe Diameter
Enter the welding positions for which the welder is qual-
Acceptance
Type of Test Criteria Results Remarks
ified to weld
Welding Process in production [59, 61, 63, and 65]. Appropriate entries for production welding positions are “Flat,” Vertical,”
“Horizontal,” “Overhead” and “All”. (Refer to section 4.15.1.1 in the code. For welding positions qualified for produc-
Type (Manual, Semiautomatic,
tion by a plate
Mechanized, test, refer to Table 4.10: Welder and Welding Operator Qualification—Production Welding Positions
Automatic)
Backing by Plate Tests. For welding positions qualified by a tubular test, refer to Table 9.13: Welder and Welding
Qualified
Filler Metal (AWS Spec.)
Operator Qualification—Production Welding Positions Qualified by Plate, Pipe, and Box Tube Tests).
CERTIFICATION
AWS Classification
Test Conducted by
F-Number
Laboratory
Position 56 57
Test Number
Groove – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in 58 59
File Number
Groove – Pipe < 24 in 60 61
Fillet – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in 62 63
We, the–undersigned,
Fillet Pipe < 24 in certify that the statements in this record
64 are correct and that the test welds were prepared,
65 welded, and tested in
accordance
Progressionwith the requirements of Clause 4 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M 66
(_______) Structural Welding Code—Steel. 67
(year)
GMAW Transfer Mode 68 69
Single or Multiple Electrodes 70 71
Manufacturer or Contractor _________________________
Gas/Flux Type Authorized by ___________________________________
72 73

Date _________________________________________
TEST RESULTS
Record the welding progression (“Uphill” or “Downhill”) that the welder used if the test coupon was welded in the posi-
Acceptance
Form M-4
tion
Typethat required a vertical progression, or write “N/A” here if theCriteria
of Test welding was done in any positions that
Results did not require
Remarks
a vertical progression [66]. Enter the same value from field 66 [67].
Enter the mode of transfer (e.g., “Spray”, “Globular”, “Pulsed”, or “Short Circuiting”) if the process used is GMAW or
FCAW [68]. The mode of transfer is typically either “Spray” or “Globular” if the process used is FCAW. If “Spray”,
“Globular”,
CERTIFICATION “Pulsed” was entered in field 68, enter “Spray, Globular, and Pulsed” [69]. If you entered “Short-circuiting”
inTest
field by“Short-circuiting” [69].
68, enter
Conducted
Laboratory
Enter single or multiple electrodes, depending on what was used during testing [70]. Enter the same value that was
Test Number
entered in field 70 (refer to Table 4.12: Welding Personnel Performance Essential Variable Changes Requiring
File Number
Requalification) [71].
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
Record thewith
accordance shielding gas or flux
the requirements of type used
Clause 4 ofduring testing [72].
AWS D1.1/D1.1M RecordStructural
(_______) qualification ranges
Welding or limitations for gas or flux
Code—Steel.
type [73]. If neither gas nor flux was used, enter “N/A” in both fields.
(year)

WPQR Section
Manufacturer or Contractor _________________________
3: Examination Results (fields 74–92 of the sample by ___________________________________
WPQR)
Authorized

The final section of the WPQR allows you to document any tests _________________________________________
performed
Date on the coupons and to record the results of
each test. The signatures of the employer and the qualifier must also be recorded to make this a legal document. Again,
Form
the M-4 that correspond to each entry below appear in brackets.
fields

22
 Type of Weld Joint
Base Metal

Groove Fillet Best Practices forGroove

Performing a Welder Qualification
Fillet Test
Plate Thickness
Pipe/Tube Thickness
Pipe Diameter
Fields 74–85
Record
AWS the type of test performed on the coupon (e.g., visual examination per 4.9.1, 1 root bend per 4.8.3.1, etc.).
D1.1/D1.1M:2015
Welding Process There
ANNEX M
may be(Manual,
Type multiple test types performed [74, 78, and 82]. If there were multiple tests performed, each would be listed
one orSemiautomatic,
Mechanized, Automatic)
consecutively
Backing
in these Sample
fields. TheWelder
following are some common
Performance tests that may
Qualification be included
Record here:
(Single-Process)
Filler Metal (AWS
• Visual WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR, OR TACK WELDER PERFORMANCE
Spec.) The visual inspection is done on every coupon. (4.9.1; for fillet weld break tests, see 4.22.4.1)
Inspection:
AWS Classification QUALIFICATION RECORD
• 1 of Each, Root and Face: This test is done on limited thickness coupons. (4.9.3.1; Figure 4.8: Face and Root Bend
F-Number
Name Specimens)
Position Test Date Rev.
IDGroove
Number – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in Record No.
• 2No.
Groove
Stamp Side Bends:
– Pipe < 24 inThis test is used on unlimited thickness coupons. (4.9.3.1;
OPTIONAL Figure
Std. Test No. 4.9: Side Bend Specimens)
PHOTO ID
Fillet – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
Company WPS No.
• Macroetch: Plug (Figure 4.25: Fillet Weld Break and Macroetch Test Plate—Welder or Welding Operator
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in
Division Qualified To
Qualification Option 1) or Fillet (Figure 4.26: Plug Weld Macroetch Test Plate—Welder or Welding Operator
Progression
GMAW Qualification
Transfer Modeand WPS Qualification). This test is used
Type or AWS
on plug and fillet welds. (4.22.2)
Single METALS
BASE or Multiple Electrodes
• Fillet
Gas/Flux Weld Break: This test is used on fillet welds. (4.22.4) Size (NPS)
Type
Specification Grade Group No. Schedule Thickness Diameter
Base Material
Welded To
TEST RESULTS
VARIABLES Actual Values Acceptance RANGE QUALIFIED
Type of
Type of Weld
Test Joint Criteria Results Remarks
Base Metal 74 75 76 77
78 79 80 81
82 83 84 85
Groove Fillet Groove Fillet
Plate Thickness
CERTIFICATION
Pipe/Tube Thickness
There is an acceptance criteria included for each test performed and each would correspond to the test types listed in
Test Conducted
Pipe Diameter by
fields 74, 78, and 82. Enter the reference to the clause or table in which the acceptance criteria for the tests performed can
Laboratory
be found
Test Number(e.g., “section 4.9.1.1” or just “4.9.1.1”) [75, 79, and 83]. The following is a list of examples of criteria that
Welding Process
might be recorded
File Number by entering the applicable AWS D1.1:2015 paragraph number in the column:
Type (Manual, Semiautomatic,
Mechanized, Automatic)
We,• theVisual acceptance
undersigned, certifycriteria
that theof groove welds
statements in this (4.9.1.1)
record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
Backing
accordance with the requirements of Clause 4 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M (_______) Structural Welding Code—Steel.
Filler Metal (AWS Spec.)
• Visual acceptance criteria of fillet welds (4.9.1.2) (year)
AWS Classification
• Acceptance criteria for bend tests (4.9.3.3)
F-Number
Manufacturer or Contractor _________________________ Authorized by ___________________________________
Position
• Visual
Groove acceptance
– Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 criteria
in for macroetch tests (4.22.2.2)
Date _________________________________________
Groove – Pipe < 24 in
• Fillet weld break (4.22.4.1)
Fillet – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
Form M-4
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in
Enter the results from the type(s) of test(s) performed on the coupon [76, 80, and 84]. Results should be recorded as
Progression
“acceptable”
GMAW Transfer orMode
“unacceptable.”
Single or Multiple Electrodes
Record any remarks or comments for that test [77, 81, and 85]. If unacceptable, list the unacceptable flaw type or size.
Gas/Flux Type
Fields 86–88
TEST RESULTS
performed [86] followed by that laboratory’s test number
Enter the name of the laboratory or location where testing wasAcceptance
[87]
Type and file number [88], if applicable. If the testing is performed
of Test by the qualifier,
Criteria Resultsthe qualifier’s name and employer
Remarks
should be shown and the test number should be “N/A.” The file number is the unique identifier the qualifier assigned to
this test during the performance qualification test.

CERTIFICATION
Test Conducted by
Laboratory 86
Test Number 87
File Number 88

We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
accordance with the requirements of Clause 4 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M (_______) Structural Welding Code—Steel.
(year)

Manufacturer or Contractor _________________________ Authorized by ___________________________________

23 Date _________________________________________

Form M-4
Single or Multiple Electrodes
Gas/Flux Type
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test
TEST RESULTS
Acceptance
Type of Test Criteria Results Remarks
Fields 89–92
Record the year of the AWS D1.1 code being used for testing [89]. Enter the name of the manufacturer or contractor [90]
and obtain a signature from an authorized representative of the manufacturer or contractor, which indicates the responsi-
ble party has validated and accepts the information on the WPQR [91], making this a legal document. If the WPQR does
CERTIFICATION
Testinclude
not a field
Conducted by for the qualifier’s signature, the qualifier should still sign the document somewhere near the bottom of
the form. If the test is performed by a CWI/SCWI, their stamp should also be affixed on this document somewhere.
Laboratory
Test Number
Finally, enter the date the signatures were recorded [92].
File Number

We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
accordance with the requirements of Clause 4 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M (_______)89 Structural Welding Code—Steel.
(year)

90
Manufacturer or Contractor ________________________ 91
Authorized by ___________________________________
92
Date _________________________________________

Form M-4
Conclusion
The sample WPQR includes three sections: Data and Configuration, Welding Process, and Examination Results. Each
test may require a unique WPQR specific to each qualification standard and special care should be taken to ensure the
WPQR is correct and appropriate. Most code books provide a sample form for the WPQR that can be used to ensure
accuracy.
As with the welder and qualifier signatures on the routing sheet, the WPQR must have signatures from the employer and
qualifier to be considered a legal document.

Wrapping Up
This manual is intended as a high-level reference guide for qualifiers of welder qualification tests. The information pub-
lished in this document is not intended to replace, supersede, or revise any requirements contained in any applicable
qualification standard.
For more information on how to participate in the formal AWS Certified Welder program, qualifiers should refer to AWS
QC47 Specification for AWS Certification of Welders and Accreditation of Test Facilities. See Appendix 5 for an over-
view of AWS QC47.
Qualifiers wishing to set up their own welder testing facilities should consult AWS B5.4 Specification for the Qualification
of Welder Test Facilities, to find suggested requirements for equipment, procedures, and personnel. Other helpful refer-
ences are provided in the appendices, as are the sample routing sheet and sample WPQRs that can be modified per
qualifier needs and preferences.
For ease of reference, the lists of best practices and procedures provided in the Introduction of this manual are included
in Appendix 4 (pg A4:1) as well. Qualifiers are strongly encouraged to develop their own versions of these processes and
to document them regularly and well.
Further information about welder qualification testing and other welder resources can be found on the AWS website at
www.aws.org.

24
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

APPENDIX 1: Sample Routing Sheet

ROUTING SHEET
Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

INFORMATION GATHERING (COMPLETE PRIOR TO TESTING)

Unique Test ID #
WPS Used for Qualification Test

(Pick 1) SWPS #

Other WPS #
Applicable Qualification Standard

TEST DATE (DD-MMM-YYYY) e.g., 02-NOV-2016

WELDER’S NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIP CODE
PHONE CONTACT #
EMAIL
Welder Identification Verification (must be a valid Photo ID Driver’s License #
government issued photo ID) Type
Passport #
Copy or photo of document presented Other (include
made for file. unique identifier on
document)
Employer (if employer-directed test)

QUALIFIER NAME (performance testing)

CWI/SCWI # (If applicable)
CWI/SCWI Expiration Date

Disposition of Test Coupon(s)/Specimen(s) Retained by qualifier

Returned to customer

Destroyed and discarded by qualifier

A1:1
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

ROUTING SHEET Unique Test ID #

Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

WELDING TEST VARIABLES

Type of Weld Groove Fillet Other

Test Position(s) 1G 4G 1F 3F DN
(check all that apply)
2G 5G 2F 4F

3G UP 6G 2FR 5F

3G DN 6GR 3F UP
Material Type Tested
Plate/Sheet: Thickness(es)

Pipe: Diameter Thickness(es)

M/P Number to

WELDER ORIENTATION

ACTION QUALIFIER INITIALS

1. Safety procedures explained and welder PPE confirmed
2. Proper hand tools
3. Proper power tools
4. Review WPS and Routing Sheet with Welder. Determine Additional potential hold
points per WPS (i.e. amps, volts, travel speed, back gouging, etc. and record, if
applicable)
5. Ensure any application and/or maintenance process is reviewed with the welder.
I have reviewed the appropriate qualification standard and the WPS to be used for this test and agree that it is
appropriate for its intended purpose. I have received orientation on test and safety procedures. I understand
that this is the first step of welder qualification and that the coupons I complete today must undergo further
testing before qualification can be determined. Successful completion will depend on meeting the requirements
of the governing code for NDE or destructive testing. I understand the test can be terminated at any point at the
discretion of the Qualifier if I do not follow directions or if I act in an unsafe manner.

Signature of Welder

QUALIFIER RESPONSIBILITIES

ACTION QUALIFIER INITIALS

1. Equipment function
1.1. Zero out machine
1.2. Verify Calibration (either per calibration program or actual measurement)
2. Base materials/consumables in accordance with the WPS
2.1. Material Specification and Grade (base materials)
2.2. Consumables per WPS

A1:2
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

ROUTING SHEET Unique Test ID #

Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

WELD TEST HOLD POINTS (REPRODUCE AS NECESSARY FOR MULTIPLE COUPONS)

ACTION POSITION OF TEST _____ QUALIFIER INITIALS

1. Allow welder reasonable time for a practice session and verify welder’s chosen ma-
chine settings per WPS. After practice is complete, verify and record actual welding
parameters to be used for Process #1 (root pass).

VOLTS AMPS
2. Verify coupon conforms to WPS (size, cleaned, and degree of bevel correct)
3. Mark test coupons with unique identification
4. Have welder fit up and tack weld joint per WPS (tacking may be done in any
position)
5. Verify fit up of test coupons after tacking
6. Have welder position the tacked coupon
7. Verify proper test position before welding begins; mark top of coupon if applicable
8. Have welder complete the root pass and clean for visual inspection
9. Root pass visual inspection Pass Fail (end of test)

10.If process changes, measure deposited weld metal thickness for process #1. Then
verify and record actual welding parameters for process #2.

PROCESS #1: APPROXIMATE THICKNESS OF WELD

PROCESS #2: VOLTS AMPS

11.Resume welding with periodic observation of fill passes and cleaning methods by
the welder and verify technique in accordance with WPS
12.Complete the test weld following the WPS (coupon remains in test position for visu-
al inspection)
13.Welder to clean weld for visual inspection
14.Final visual inspection Pass Fail (end of test)

15.Coupon is to be kept in as-welded condition for further testing and evaluation

I attest that I have conducted this welder performance qualification test in accordance with the appropriate
standards to the best of my ability. This signature does not constitute welder certification.

Signature of Qualifier

A1:3
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

ROUTING SHEET Unique Test ID #

Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

SPECIMEN PREPARATION FOR MECHANICAL TESTING (If applicable)

ACTION POSITION OF TEST _____ QUALIFIER INITIALS

1. Locate test specimens per applicable code or standard
2. Verify that unique test ID # has been transferred to each specimen
3. Remove test specimens per applicable code or standard
4. Instruct welder on grinding and orientation of grinding of test specimens (if
applicable)
5. Verification of finished test specimen geometry after grinding (thickness, width,
corner radius, etc.)
6. Verification of operation and dimensions of bend test equipment
7. Verification of direction of bending (root, face, or side)
8. Verification of the position of the weld and that HAZ is within the bent portion
9. Final evaluation of bent specimens per applicable code or standard

MECHANICAL TESTING RESULTS

Guided Bend Tests (as required by applicable standard)

Pass Fail Notes

Face 1

Face 2

Root 1

Root 2

Side 1

Side 2

Side 3

Side 4

A1:4
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

ROUTING SHEET Unique Test ID #

Qualifiers Testing Instructions (For use during qualification testing)

OTHER MECHANICAL TESTING (AS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE STANDARD)

Guided Bend Tests (as required by applicable standard)

Pass Fail Notes

Nick Break

Fillet Break

Tensile

Macro-etch

Other:

Radiographic Testing (in

lieu of bends)

Laboratory Report Report #:

Yes

No

Radiographic Interpreter
Name RT Level II RT Level III AWS CRI

OVERALL TEST SUMMARY (REQUIRED)

Pass

Fail

Reason (if test failed):

I attest that I have conducted this welder performance qualification test in accordance with the appropriate
standards to the best of my ability. This signature does not constitute welder certification.

Signature of Qualifier

A1:5
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

This page is intentionally blank.

A1:6
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015
APPENDIX 2: Sample WPQR ANNEX M

Sample Welder Performance Qualification Record (Single-Process)

WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR, OR TACK WELDER PERFORMANCE
QUALIFICATION RECORD

Name 1 Test Date 6 Rev.

ID Number 2 Record No. 7 8
OPTIONAL
Stamp No. 3 Std. Test No. 9 10
PHOTO ID
Company 4 WPS No. 11 12
Division 5 Qualified To 13

Type or AWS
BASE METALS Specification Grade Group No. Size (NPS) Schedule Thickness Diameter
Base Material 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Welded To 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

VARIABLES Actual Values RANGE QUALIFIED

Type of Weld Joint 28 29
Base Metal 30 31

Groove Fillet Groove Fillet

Plate Thickness 32 33 34 35
Pipe/Tube Thickness 36 37 38 39
Pipe Diameter 40 41 42 43

Welding Process 44 45
Type (Manual, Semiautomatic,
Mechanized, Automatic) 46 47
Backing 48 49
Filler Metal (AWS Spec.) 50 51
AWS Classification 52 53
F-Number 54 55
Position 56 57
Groove – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in 58 59
Groove – Pipe < 24 in 60 61
Fillet – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in 62 63
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in 64 65
Progression 66 67
GMAW Transfer Mode 68 69
Single or Multiple Electrodes 70 71
Gas/Flux Type 72 73

TEST RESULTS
Acceptance
Type of Test Criteria Results Remarks
74 75 76 77
78 79 80 81
82 83 84 85

CERTIFICATION
Test Conducted by
Laboratory 86
Test Number 87
File Number 88

We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
accordance with the requirements of Clause 4 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M (_______)89 Structural Welding Code—Steel.
(year)

90
Manufacturer or Contractor _________________________ 91
Authorized by ___________________________________
92
Date _________________________________________

Form M-4

A2:1
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 ANNEX M

Sample Welder Performance Qualification Record (Single-Process)

WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR, OR TACK WELDER PERFORMANCE
QUALIFICATION RECORD

Name Test Date Rev.

ID Number Record No.
OPTIONAL
Stamp No. Std. Test No.
PHOTO ID
Company WPS No.
Division Qualified To

Type or AWS
BASE METALS Specification Grade Group No. Size (NPS) Schedule Thickness Diameter
Base Material
Welded To

VARIABLES Actual Values RANGE QUALIFIED

Type of Weld Joint
Base Metal

Groove Fillet Groove Fillet

Plate Thickness
Pipe/Tube Thickness
Pipe Diameter

Welding Process
Type (Manual, Semiautomatic,
Mechanized, Automatic)
Backing
Filler Metal (AWS Spec.)
AWS Classification
F-Number
Position
Groove – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
Groove – Pipe < 24 in
Fillet – Plate & Pipe ≥ 24 in
Fillet – Pipe < 24 in
Progression
GMAW Transfer Mode
Single or Multiple Electrodes
Gas/Flux Type

TEST RESULTS
Acceptance
Type of Test Criteria Results Remarks

CERTIFICATION
Test Conducted by
Laboratory
Test Number
File Number

We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in
accordance with the requirements of Clause 4 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M (_______) Structural Welding Code—Steel.
(year)

Manufacturer or Contractor _________________________ Authorized by ___________________________________

Date _________________________________________

Form M-4

A2:2
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

APPENDIX 3: Sample ASME WPQR with Instructions

A3:1
Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

Guidance for Completion of Welder Qualification

Record Form QW-484A

The paragraph numbers correspond to the numbers on the lines on Form QW-484A. These instructions are applicable to
SMAW, GTAW, PAW, GMAW (including FCAW), OFW and semiautomatic (hand-held) SAW. Text in italics refer to the
applicable paragraphs in Section IX that address the item. This form is based on the 2017 edition of Section IX.
1. Enter the Name of the Welder who has been tested. See QW-306.
2. Enter the Welder’s Clock or SS Number. There may be privacy issues with recording SS Numbers.
3. Enter the Number(s), Letter(s) or Symbol(s) that the Welder has been assigned to identify their work. See
QW-301.3.
4. Enter the date the test coupon was welded; this establishes the edition of Section IX that was followed during the
test.
5. Enter the number(s) and/or letters which identify the WPS that the Welder or Operator followed during welding
of the test coupon. Include the Revision Number and/or date of issue. See QW-304, second paragraph.
6. Mark this box if the test was given on a test coupon. See QW-304.
7. Mark this box if the test was given using a production weld. Use of production welds is not permitted when the
welding process is GMAW-S (i.e., in the short-circuiting transfer mode) since welders who use GMAW-S must
be qualified by bend test—unless the examination is by UT and the test coupon is more than 1/4 inch thick. See
QW-304.
8. Enter the Specification, type and grade of the base metal(s) that made up the test coupon. See QW-310.1 and
QW-423.2.
9. Enter the thickness of the base metal. It is customary to enter the nominal thickness; however, one may measure
and record the actual thickness if desired.
10. Enter the Welding Process or Processes that the Welder used to weld the test coupon. When more than one proc-
ess, electrode type or other variation of a process is used, separate these by a slash (/). (e.g. GTAW/SMAW). See
QW-306. Continue this practice for other variables that might be different for different processes or other varia-
bles used in the same test coupon.
11. Enter the same process(es) in this space as entered in space 10. See QW-306.
12. Enter the Welding Process Type. Types are: Manual (MA), Semi-Automatic (SA), Machine (ME) and Automatic
(AU). A person who qualifies using manual or semi-automatic welding is a welder. See QW-304. A person who
qualifies using machine or automatic welding is an operator, and Form QW-484B should be completed instead of
this form. See QW-305. Separate qualifications (i.e., two tests) are required for the same person using the same
process as both a welder and as an operator. See QW-300.1, second paragraph.
13. Enter the same type of welding in this space as was entered in space 12. If the welder will use both manual and semi-
automatic GTAW, both types of welding maybe entered (i.e. “Manual/Semi-auto”). See QW-300.1, second paragraph.
14. Enter the P-number(s) of the materials making up the test coupon. See QW-403.18. P-number assignments are
listed by specification, type and grade in QW/QB-422. If either material does not have a P-number, see QW-420.1,

A3:2
 Best Practices for Performing a Welder Qualification Test

QW-420.2, QW-423.1 and QW-423.2. If there is no way to assign the base metal a P-number under the provisions
of these paragraphs, write down the specification and grade of the test coupon material and write small.
15. Enter the P-number(s) of the other material making up the test coupon. See 14.
16. Enter the P-number (or the range of P-numbers) of the material that is qualified by the test coupon per QW-403.18
which leads to QW-423.1. If unassigned materials are to be welded, examine the right-hand column of QW-423.1
carefully and also QW-423.2 to see if unassigned materials can be assigned a P-number. If there is no way to
assign the base metal a P-number, write down the same data as shown in 14 and 15.
17. Mark this box if the test coupon is plate. See QW-310.1.
18. Mark this box if the test coupon is pipe, tube or other hollow product form. See QW-310.1.
19. Enter the nominal thickness of the test coupon base metal(s). Measured thickness may also be entered, but the fact
the thickness was measured should be noted since this practice is nonstandard. When using pipe, enter the pipe
size (NPS) or outside diameter. When using tube or other hollow shape, enter the outside diameter (OD) of the
material. See QW-403.16.
20. Enter the minimum outside diameter measurement qualified based on QW-452.3 if the test coupon was a pipe or
tube groove weld qualification. Use QW-452.4 if the coupon was a pipe fillet qualification. Enter “over 24 in. OD”
if the coupon was plate. Note that a welder qualified on plate may weld on pipe down to 2-7/8 in. OD if welding
is done in the flat position. This not customarily entered on the qualification record except if the qualification is
limited to the flat position. See QW-403.16 which leads one to QW-452.3 and QW-452.4 for pipe test coupons.
Also see QW-405.1 which leads to QW-461.9 for plate test coupons. If OFW, enter the thickness of the test cou-
pon. See QW-403.2.
21. Enter the type of backing used. Backing can be a backing strip, nonfusing metal backing (e.g., copper), flux, tape
and weld metal deposited by another process. A weld made from two sides of a groove is considered welding on
backing, as is a fillet weld. Potential entries are “None,” “Used,” “Weld metal” and “welded both sides.” See
QW-310.2 and QW-310.3. If more than one process or variation of process is used (See QW-306), it must be
recorded that backing was “used” for the subsequent processes or variations of process, e.g., if the root was made
without backing and a second process was used to complete the weld, appropriate entry would be “None/used.”
22. If backing was “used” in space 21, enter “Required.” If backing was not used, enter “Optional.” If space 21 was
“None/used,” enter “Optional/required.” See QW-402.4. If the welding process was OFW, it is the opposite. See
QW-402.7.
23. Enter the specification (e.g., SFA 5.4) of the electrode or filler metal that was used. If the weld was made without
the addition of filler metal, enter “None.” See QW-404.4 and QW-404.14.
24. Enter the AWS Classification (e.g., E309-16) of the electrode or filler metal that was used. If the weld was made
without the addition of filler metal, enter “None.” See QW-404.4 and QW-404.14.
25. Enter the F-number of the filler metal. See QW-432. The F-number depends on the welding process and electrode
or filler metal that was used. See QW-404.15, which leads to QW-433. If the weld was made using GTAW, PAW
or OFW without the addition of filler metal, enter “None.” See QW-404.14.
26. Enter the F-number or range of F-number filler metals that the welder is qualified to use. See QW-404.15, which
leads to QW-433. If the weld was made without the addition of filler metal, enter “None.” See QW-404.14.
27. Leave blank or enter “NA” if the welding process is other than GTAW or PAW. If GTAW or PAW, record whether
solid, metal cored or flux cored wire was used. See QW-404.23. If no filler metal was used, enter “None.”
28. Leave blank (or enter “NA”) if the process is not GTAW or PAW. If solid or metal cored was recorded in space
27, enter “solid, metal cored” in this space. If flux cored was recorded in space 27, enter “flux cored” in this space.
See QW-404.23. If no filler metal was used, enter “None.”
29. If a consumable insert was used in the root pass, enter “Used;” If an insert was not used, enter “None.” Leave
blank (or enter “NA”) if the Process is not GTAW or PAW. See QW-404.22.

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30. Leave blank (or enter “NA”) if the process is not GTAW or PAW. If an insert was used during the qualification
test, enter “Required.” If no insert was used, enter “Not Permitted.” See QW-404.22.
31. If more than one welding process, enter the first process abbreviation. A separate deposit thickness must be
entered for each process, for each F-number and for each set of essential variables. See QW-306. That is, if more
than one process or variation on a process is used (e.g., E6010 root/E7018 balance, downhill root/uphill fill, etc.),
enter a separate deposit thickness for each variation. See QW-452.1(b) Note 1 and QW-351, third paragraph.
32. If that process was 3 or more layers thick, check yes.
33. If that process was not more than 3 layers thick, check no.
34. Enter the approximate deposit thickness for the welding process.
35. Multiply the value in 34 by 2 and enter that value except:
i. If the value in 34 is 1/2 inch or greater and 3 or more layers were deposited, enter “Unlimited.”
ii. If the welding process is GMAW-S, multiply by 1.1 unless the value in 34 is 1/2 inch or greater and 3 or more
layers were deposited, enter “Unlimited.”
iii. If the welding process is OFW, multiply the value in 34 by 1 and enter that value.
See QW-404.30, which leads to QW-452.1(b) and QW-451.2. For GMAW-S, see QW-404.32. For OFW, see
QW-404.31. Also note that QW-433 may permit F-1 through F-4 electrodes other than the F-number that was
used on the test coupon.
36. If more than one welding process was used (see 31), enter the second welding process abbreviation.
37. If that process was 3 or more layers thick, check yes.
38. If that process was not more than 3 layers thick, check no.
39. Enter the approximate deposit thickness for the second welding process.
40. Multiply the value in 39 by 2 and enter that value except:
I. If the value in 39 is 1/2 inch or greater and 3 or more layers were deposited, enter “Unlimited.”
II. If the welding process is GMAW-S, multiply by 1.1 unless the value in 39 is 1/2 inch or greater and 3 or more
layers were deposited, enter “Unlimited.”
41. Enter the position in which the test coupon was welded. These are 1G, 3G, 6G, 3F, etc. See QW-405.1, QW-303.1,
QW-303.2 and QW-303.3 for requirements. See QW-120, QW-130 for definitions of testing positions. These para-
graphs lead to QW-461.3 through QW-461.6 sketches.
42. Enter the welding positions in which the welder may weld. These are Flat (F), Vertical (V), Horizontal (H),
Overhead (OH) and “All.” See QW-405.1, which leads to Table QW-461.9. Use QW-461.9 to determine the posi-
tions qualified based on the type of test coupon and position(s) of the test coupon. See QW-110, which leads to
figures QW-461.1 and QW-461.2 that define weld orientations for production groove and fillet welds respectively.
43. Enter the progression (“Uphill” or “Downhill”) that the welder used if the test coupon was welded in the 3G, 5G,
6G, 3F or 5F positions. Enter nothing (or enter “NA”) if welding was done in any other position. See QW-405.3.
44. Enter the same data (“Uphill” or “Downhill” or nothing or enter “NA”]) as in space #43. Welders are generally
limited to welding in the progression in which they test. See QW-405.3. Although QW-405.3 permits welders to
make root welds that will be removed by back gouging and the cover or wash pass to be made either uphill or
downhill, this is not customarily mentioned on the qualification record.
45. Enter “Used” if backing gas was used. Enter “None” if no gas backing was used. Leave blank (or enter “NA”) if
the process is not GMAW, GTAW or PAW. See QW-408.8. If OFW, enter the fuel gas used by the welder (e.g.
“acetylene”). See QW-408.7.
46. If gas backing was used, enter “Required.” If gas backing was not used, enter “Optional.” If space 45 is blank (or
“NA”), enter nothing (or “NA”), as appropriate. See QW-408.8. If OFW, enter the fuel gas entered in space 45.

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See QW-408.7. It should be noted that, if no backing gas was used, “optional” or “with and without” are also cor-
rect entries in this space since the welder is qualified to weld with and without backing gas.
47. Enter Spray (SP), Globular (G), Spray Pulse(P) or Short Circuiting (S) if the process used is GMAW. Leave blank
(or enter “NA”) if the process is not GMAW. See QW-409.2. (Note: GMAW includes FCAW [See the header of
QW-355 and the definition for FCAW].) FCAW transfer mode is either Spray or Globular.
48. Enter Spray, Globular and Spray Pulse (SP, G, P) if any of these were entered in space #38. Enter Short Circuiting
(S) if short-circuiting was entered in space #47. Leave blank (or enter “NA”) if the process is not GMAW or
FCAW. See QW-409.2.
49. Enter the current type (AC or DC), and if DC, enter the polarity [Straight (SP) or Reverse (RP)]. Leave blank (or
enter “NA”)] if the process is not GTAW. See QW-409.4.
50. Enter the same data in this space as is in space 49. See QW-409.4.
Examination and Testing
51. Enter “Acceptable” for the results of visual examination of the completed test coupon. Visual examination of the
coupon is required for coupons that will be mechanically tested and is recommended for those that will be radio-
graphed. See QW-304 and QW-452.1(a).
52. See QW-160 for preparation of bend test specimens. If bend tests were performed and the bend test specimens
were transverse root and face bends, check this box. Face and root bends are required for test coupons up to 3/8
inch thick. Between 3/8 and 3/4 inch thick, root and face bends are optional. See QW-452.1, notes 5 and 7.
53. If bend tests were performed and the bend test specimens were longitudinal root and face bends, check this box.
Longitudinal bend specimens may be used in lieu of transverse specimens when the bending properties of the
weld metal and/or the base metals vary markedly. See QW-161.5. Face and root bends are required for all test
coupon thicknesses. See QW-452.2. Hopefully, you will never have to use this test since the test coupon is quite
long.
54. If bend tests were performed and the bend test specimens were side bends, check this box. Side bend specimens
may be used for test coupon thicknesses between 3/8 and 3/4 inches thick, and side bends are required for coupons
over 3/4 inch thick. See QW-452.1.
55. Enter the type of bend specimen (i.e., Face, Root, Side).
56. Enter the results of each bend specimen. All results such as “Acceptable,” “OK” or similar words must indicate
that each specimen was or was not acceptable. The results may describe in detail the extent of discontinuities
found (e.g., 42 openings < 1/8 inch long, 14 pinholes, < 1/8 inch long, no open discontinuities, etc.). “Acceptable,”
“OK” or similar word indicating conformance to QW-163 should also be entered when discontinuities are
described. See QW-163.
57. If the test coupon was volumetrically examined instead of mechanically tested, enter the test method and the
results. All results must indicate that each coupon was or was not acceptable. It is good practice to attach the test
laboratory’s report to the qualification record. It is not smart to keep radiographs since they are always subject to
deterioration and to reinterpretation by others at a later date. See QW-302.2 and QW-304.1. Note that at least
6 inches of weld length are required to be examined.
58. Enter the identification number assigned by the testing lab if a lab was used. If radiographic reader sheets are
identified by a lab number or similar unique identifier, enter that identification.
59. Enter the results of the fillet weld fracture test, if fillet weld tests are conducted. See QW-452.5 and QW-181.2.
60. Enter the length and percent of defects found during the fracture test, if fillet weld tests are conducted. See
QW-452.5 and QW-182.
61. Enter the results of the fillet weld macro fusion test, if fillet weld tests are conducted. See QW-452.5 and QW-184.
62. Enter the size of the fillet weld legs from the fillet weld macro fusion test, if fillet weld tests are conducted. See
QW-184.

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63. Enter the measured concavity or convexity from the fillet weld macro fusion test if fillet weld tests are conducted.
See QW-184.
64. Enter the description and results of any other testing that was done.
65. Enter the name and title of the individual who evaluated the mechanical or volumetric tests. Qualifications for
those who performed volumetric examination shall be as required by Section IX, QW-190 (ASNT-SNT-TC-1A).
See QW-190. Persons who evaluate bend test coupons shall determine the bend test specimens have been prepared
in accordance with QW-161 and they were bent around the correct radius per QW-162 and QW-466.1, and each
specimen meets the acceptance criteria of QW-163.
66. Enter employing company of the individual who evaluated the mechanical or radiographic tests.
67. Enter the name and title of the individual who supervised the actual welding of the test coupon. This person must
be a supervisor who works for the company that is qualifying the welder. This person does not have to witness
welding of the entire test coupon, but he should see enough to verify the data that will be recorded on the qualifi-
cation record form is an accurate record of what the welder actually did. See QG-106.2.
68. Enter employing company of the individual who supervised the welding of the test coupon. This should be the
same company name as is shown in space 61. See QG-106.2.
69. Enter your name as the test administrator.
70. Enter the name of the company that is certifying the welder is qualified. See QG-106.2.
71. Sign in this space.
72. Enter the date you signed the record.
73. Signature and title of the individual certifying the qualification record of the welder for the qualifying organiza-
tion. See QG-106.2. This does not need to be the same individual as entered in space 68.
74. Date of certification. This date will usually be sometime after the date of the test shown in space 4. If qualification
records are ever reformatted, the test date should remain unchanged and this certification date should be the actual
date of certification.

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APPENDIX 4: Recommended Procedures

List of Recommended Procedures

Qualifiers should have written procedures in place that are always followed when conducting welder performance quali-
fication testing. These procedures assist the standardization of administrative policies the qualifier follows and protect the
qualifier from complaints by welders and employers. These procedures should include the following:
• Control and traceability of materials used in the test: The qualifier should be able to quickly identify whether a
material is appropriate for the qualification standard of the test being performed. This means materials should be
acquired from reputable sources and stored in an organized manner with relevant information about each material
readily accessible.
• Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) used for testing: The qualifier should ensure an appropriate WPS is
available to the welder and followed during testing for each welder performance qualification test being conducted.
This document can either be supplied by the qualifier or the employer. (See the Terms and Concepts to Understand
section for more information about a WPS.)
• Reference library: Qualifiers should have a library of resources commonly referenced as qualification standards
during welder performance qualification testing. At a minimum, the qualifier must have access to the applicable
qualification standard(s) being used for the qualification test throughout the testing process.
• Unique identifier: A unique identifier must be assigned to each test or to each welder to ensure the test is correctly
attributed to the welder who was tested. A unique identifier can be anything the qualifier wishes to use, as long as
the qualifier remains consistent. The uniqueness should be to the test and not necessarily to the welder, who may
take multiple tests (but with differing WPSs) with the qualifier.
○ Some identifiers commonly used to identify welders include the last four digits of the welder’s Social Security
number, the welder’s union number, a government-issued ID number, etc.
○ Some identifiers commonly used to identify tests include the WPS number, test position, test process, facility,
etc. Combinations of these examples, or of any other valid identifiers, can be used. Whichever identifier(s) are
used, the qualifier must ensure each test can be isolated from all others conducted at that same facility.
• Measuring and testing equipment: The qualifier is responsible for the calibration and verification of any testing
equipment, whether that equipment is provided by the testing facility or employer.
• Off-site testing practices: Welder performance qualification testing may sometimes need to be conducted outside
the qualifier’s testing facility. General best practices should be established for such an event, taking into account
that the qualifier is responsible for the safety of the testing environment (lighting, ventilation, etc.), for verifying
the performance of power sources not owned by the qualifier, and that the qualifier may not have ready access to
resources normally available at their own testing site.
• Retention and disposal: Procedures should be established for retention and disposal of test coupons, specimens,
and radiographic film. Retention and disposal procedures may need to be customized per employer specifications.
These customization requests should be recorded during the Pre-Test Investigation phase so appropriate steps can
be taken to prepare for them.
• Qualification of personnel and contracted services: The qualifications of any personnel involved in the welder
performance qualification testing must be verified by the qualifier and documentation confirming their legitimacy

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should be recorded. For instance, if external personnel are engaged to conduct special assessments, such as nonde-
structive testing (NDT), the qualifier must obtain records signifying that each contracted person is properly quali-
fied for the task.
• Document retention policy: Documentation of all tests performed and interactions between the qualifier and the
welder or employer should be kept for a specified amount of time and organized for easy recall should they need to
be referenced at a future date.
○ Confidentiality policies: Qualifiers often collect personal information about welders and are responsible for
keeping that information secure. Policies should be in place for ensuring security and the confidentiality of per-
sonal information. WPSs that are provided by the employer for qualification testing should be treated as propri-
etary information that should not be divulged to outside parties without the express permission of the employer.

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APPENDIX 5: AWS QC47 and List of References

An Explanation of AWS QC47 Testing Requirements

For a welder to be certified by the American Welding Society (AWS) and to be placed in the AWS National Registry of
Certified Welders, the welder performance qualification test must be conducted through a facility that has met the require-
ments of AWS QC47 Specification for AWS Certification of Welders and Accreditation of Test Facilities.
The purpose of the AWS QC47 specification is to establish that Welder Performance Qualification Test Facilities have the
personnel, organization, experience, procedures, knowledge, equipment, capability, and commitment to conduct proper
welder performance qualification testing. This specification describes the requirements and functions of the test facility
and custom programs to achieve AWS QC47 accreditation and to define the responsibilities of the Qualifier relationship
between the test facility and AWS. The purpose of the AWS National Registry of Certified Welders is to document the
ability of welders to deposit sound welds and to impose controls on the documentation and maintenance of certification.
The American Welding Society (AWS) Certified Welder Program is established to identify all elements necessary to
implement an AWS National Registry of Certified Welders. Five key elements are identified:
1. Welder Performance Qualification Standards criteria
2. AWS B2 Standard Welding Procedure Specifications
3. Accredited Performance Qualification Test Facilities
4. Accredited Custom Programs
5. AWS welder certification requirements
The AWS QC47 specification contains the criteria for the AWS National Registry of Certified Welders and AWS Certified
Welder Custom Programs. Public listing or disclosure is at the option of the individual welder. This specification shall, in
many cases, allow the transfer of welder qualification from employer to employer. This potential transfer of welder
qualification may result in financial savings to the welding industry.

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List of References
References are made to other resources throughout this manual. Other common resources qualifiers should be familiar
with are listed below. When using any of these resources, refer to the latest edition.
1. AWS A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
2. AWS B2.1 Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification
3. AWS B5.4 Specification for the Qualification of Welder Test Facilities
4. AWS QC47 Specification for AWS Certification of Welders and Accreditation of Test Facilities

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