Classification of Robots

1. Unmanned Robots

 Robots capable of performing tasks without direct human intervention.

 Categories:

o Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Drones for aerial operations.

o Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs): Robots that navigate land or

homes.

o Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs): Robots operating

underwater.

2. Aerial Robots

 Robots designed for flight, often referred to as drones.

 Applications include delivery, surveillance, precision farming, and mapping.

Types of Aerial Robots:

1. Multi-Rotor Drones:

o Popular for photography and short-range tasks.

o Includes tricopters, quadcopters, hexacopters, and octocopters.

o Advantages: Cost-e ective and easy to control.

o Disadvantages: Short flight time (20–30 mins) and lower endurance.

2. Fixed-Wing Drones:

o Resemble airplanes with wings for long-distance operations.

o Advantages: Longer flight time (2–3 hours) and e icient for mapping.

o Disadvantages: Requires runways for takeo /landing; limited hovering

ability.

3. Single Rotor Helicopters:

o Resemble real helicopters, using a single large rotor.

o Advantages: High e iciency and longer endurance.

o Disadvantages: Expensive and complex to operate.

4. Fixed-Wing Hybrid VTOL:

 o Combines the advantages of multi-rotor and fixed-wing drones.

o Vertical take-o and landing capabilities with long flight times.

Applications of Aerial Robots

1. Photography & Cinematography: For real estate, journalism, and cinema.

2. Delivery Services: Express shipping.

3. Disaster Management: Providing supplies and collecting data.

4. Search & Rescue: Equipped with thermal sensors for locating survivors.

5. Agriculture: Monitoring crops with precision.

6. Infrastructure Safety: Inspecting buildings and terrains.

7. Law Enforcement: Public safety and surveillance.

8. Environmental Monitoring: Hurricane and tornado tracking.

. Land/Ground Robots

 Wheeled Robots: Easy to design and control, suitable for flat or slightly rough
surfaces. Often used for tasks needing stability on prepared ground.

 Tracked Robots: Equipped with treads for rough and soft terrains. They have
better grip but are heavier than wheeled robots.

 Legged Robots: Robots with legs that can navigate uneven surfaces, providing
high adaptability at the cost of increased complexity and power consumption.
2. Aerial Robots

 Single Rotor Drones: Similar to helicopters with one main rotor. They are
e icient but require precise control.

 Multi-Rotor Drones: These drones use multiple rotors for stable flight, often
seen in applications like aerial photography and package delivery.

 Hybrid VTOL Drones: Combining features of rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft,

they can switch between hovering and forward flight.

Applications: Used in real estate, agriculture, disaster management, law enforcement,

and public safety.

3. Underwater Robots

 ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles): Operated via remote control for tasks like
inspection, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. Equipped with cameras,
sensors, and sometimes manipulators.

 AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles): Autonomous systems used

primarily in deep-water tasks, capable of operating without a direct operator.

1. Legged Robots

 Characteristics: Adaptable to uneven terrain, mobile on diverse surfaces.

 Applications: Construction surveys, search and rescue, security, law

enforcement.

 Hybrid Robots: Combine legs and wheels for enhanced mobility and e iciency.

2. Underwater Robots

 Purpose: Used in military, environmental, and inspection tasks.

 Types:

o ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles): Require operator control,

equipped with cameras, arms, and lighting.

o AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles): Operate independently for

tasks like mapping and exploration.
3. Bioinspired Robots

 Focus: Mimic biological movement in insects, spiders, and birds.

 Types:

o Insect-like Robots: Inspired by social insects, capable of building

intricate structures (e.g., termite-like robots).

o Spider Robots: Mimic spider movement; customizable with lifelike leg

coordination.

o Bird-inspired Robots: Utilize wing designs for e icient flight, applicable

to aircraft and robotic drones.

1. Insect-like Robots

 Characteristics: Inspired by social insects like termites.

 Capabilities: Build complex structures, navigate intricate environments, and

carry loads.

 Example: Small robots that can autonomously work in teams to build structures
with pre-programmed movements.

2. Spider Robots

 Characteristics: Designed to resemble and mimic spider movements.

 Capabilities: Have lifelike, subtle movements with customizable leg

coordination for terrain navigation.

 Example: 18X spider robot equipped with advanced robotics engine for wide-
range movement control.

3. Bird-inspired Robots

 Characteristics: Emulate the flight mechanics of birds.

 Capabilities: Focus on wing flapping for flight e iciency, useful in drones and
aerial vehicles.

 Example: Robots designed with flapping wing mechanisms to achieve stable,

bird-like flight dynamics.

1. Fish-inspired Robots

 BoxyBot: Mimics fish movements using oscillating fins. Primarily used for
underwater exploration due to its maneuverability and quiet movement.
 RoboTuna: Designed to replicate the swimming style of a tuna fish. Its flexible
body allows it to swim smoothly, making it useful for underwater surveillance
and data collection.

 RoboPike: Inspired by the pike fish, known for its fast, sudden movements. Ideal
for studying aquatic locomotion and can be used in scientific research and
environmental monitoring.

 Robotic Koi: A robotic version of a koi fish, often used for educational purposes
or as an interactive exhibit in aquariums. This robot can mimic the slow, graceful
swimming of koi.

2. Snake-inspired Robots

 Snake Robots: Designed to mimic the slithering movement of snakes. Useful for
navigating through tight spaces or complex terrains. Commonly used in search
and rescue operations and industrial inspections due to their flexibility and
ability to enter confined areas.

3. Cheetah-inspired Robot

 Robot Cheetah: Mimics the high-speed running and agility of a cheetah. This
robot is built for speed and balance and is often used for research in high-speed
locomotion, robotics testing, and military applications.