Module 8: Databases

AWS Academy Cloud Foundations

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Module overview
Topics Lab
• Amazon Relational Database Service • Lab 5: Build Your DB Server and Interact
(Amazon RDS) with Your DB Using an App
• Amazon DynamoDB Activity
• Amazon Redshift • Database case studies
• Amazon Aurora
Demos
• Amazon RDS console
• Amazon DynamoDB console
Knowledge check

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2
Module objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:

• Explain Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)

• Identify the functionality in Amazon RDS

• Explain Amazon DynamoDB

• Identify the functionality in Amazon DynamoDB

• Explain Amazon Redshift

• Explain Amazon Aurora

• Perform tasks in an RDS database, such as launching, configuring, and interacting

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3
Section 1: Amazon Relational
Database Service
Module 8: Databases

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Amazon Relational Database Service

Amazon Relational Database

Service (Amazon RDS)

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5
Unmanaged versus managed services

Unmanaged: Managed:
Scaling, fault tolerance, and Scaling, fault tolerance, and
availability are managed by availability are typically built
you. into the service.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6
Challenges of relational databases
• Server maintenance and energy footprint
• Software installation and patches
• Database backups and high availability
• Limits on scalability
• Data security
• Operating system (OS) installation and patches

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7
Amazon RDS

Managed service that sets up and operates a relational database in the

cloud.

AWS Cloud

Users Application
Servers Amazon RDS

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8
From on-premises databases to Amazon RDS
Database in Amazon Elastic
Database in Amazon RDS or
On-premises database Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
Amazon Aurora

Application optimization Application optimization Application optimization

Scaling Scaling Scaling
High Availability High Availability High Availability
Database backups Database backups Database backups
Database software patches Database software patches Database software patches
Database software installs Database software installs AWS Database software installs
Operation system patches Operation system patches provides Operation system patches
Operating system install Operating system install Operating system install
Server maintenance Server maintenance Server maintenance
Rack and stack servers Rack and stack servers Rack and stack servers
Power, HVAC, network Power, HVAC, network Power, HVAC, network
AWS
provides

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9
Managed services responsibilities
You manage:
• Application optimization

AWS manages:
• OS installation and patches
• Database software installation and patches
• Database backups
• High availability
• Scaling
• Power and racking and stacking servers Amazon RDS
• Server maintenance

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10
Amazon RDS DB instances

Amazon RDS
=
MySQL

DB Instance Class Amazon Aurora

• CPU
• Memory Microsoft SQL Server

M • Network performance
PostgreSQL
Amazon RDS DB DB Instance Storage
main instance MariaDB
• Magnetic
• General Purpose (solid state drive, or SSD)
• Provisioned IOPS Oracle

DB engines

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 11
Amazon RDS in a virtual private cloud (VPC)

AWS Cloud
Availability Zone

VPC
Public subnet

Internet
Users gateway Amazon EC2

Private subnet

Amazon RDS

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 12
High availability with Multi-AZ deployment (1 of 2)
AWS Cloud
Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2

VPC
Public subnet

Amazon EC2 Application

Private subnet Private subnet

M Synchronous S
Amazon RDS
RDS Standby
instance
instance

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 13
High availability with Multi-AZ deployment (2 of 2)
AWS Cloud
Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2

VPC
Public subnet

Amazon EC2 Application

Private subnet Private subnet

M Synchronous S
Amazon RDS
RDS Standby
instance
instance

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14
Amazon RDS read replicas
Features AWS Cloud
Availability Zone
• Offers asynchronous replication
VPC
• Can be promoted to primary if Public subnet

needed
Amazon EC2 Application

Functionality Private subnet

• Use for read-heavy database

P R
workloads Amazon RDS Read replica
primary instance instance
• Offload read queries

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15
Use cases

✓ High throughput
Web and mobile applications ✓ Massive storage scalability
✓ High availability

✓ Low-cost database
Ecommerce applications ✓ Data security
✓ Fully managed solution

✓ Rapidly grow capacity

Mobile and online games ✓ Automatic scaling
✓ Database monitoring
© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16
When to Use Amazon RDS
Use Amazon RDS when your application • Do not use Amazon RDS when your
requires: application requires:
• Complex transactions or complex • Massive read/write rates (for example,
queries 150,000 write/second)

• A medium to high query or write rate – • Sharding due to high data size or
Up to 30,000 IOPS (15,000 reads + throughput demands
15,000 writes) • Simple GET or PUT requests and
queries that a NoSQL database can
• No more than a single worker node or handle
shard
• Relational database management
• High durability system (RDBMS) customization

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 17
Amazon RDS: Clock-hour billing and database characteristics
Clock-hour billing –
• Resources incur charges when running

Database characteristics –
• Physical capacity of database:
• Engine
• Size
• Memory class

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 18
Amazon RDS: DB purchase type and multiple DB instances

DB purchase type –
• On-Demand Instances
• Compute capacity by the hour
• Reserved Instances
• Low, one-time, upfront payment for database instances that are reserved with a
1-year or 3-year term

Number of DB instances –
• Provision multiple DB instances to handle peak loads

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19
Amazon RDS: Storage
Provisioned storage –
• No charge
• Backup storage of up to 100 percent of database storage for an active database
• Charge (GB/month)
• Backup storage for terminated DB instances

Additional storage –
• Charge (GB/month)
• Backup storage in addition to provisioned storage

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 20
Amazon RDS: Deployment type and data transfer
Requests –
• The number of input and output requests that are made to the database

Deployment type—Storage and I/0 charges vary, depending on whether you deploy to –
• Single Availability Zone
• Multiple Availability Zones

Data transfer –
• No charge for inbound data transfer
• Tiered charges for outbound data transfer

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 21
Recorded demo:
Amazon RDS
console

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 22
 Build Your DB
Server and Interact
with Your DB Using
an App

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 23
Lab 5: Scenario
This lab is designed to show you how to use an AWS managed database
instance to solve a need for a relational database.
AWS Cloud
Availability Zone A Availability Zone B
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet 1: Public subnet 2:
10.0.0.0/24 10.0.2.0/24
Internet Security group
Internet NAT Web
gateway gateway Server

Private subnet 1: Private subnet 2:

10.0.1.0/24 10.0.3.0/24

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 24
Lab 5: Tasks

Security group
Create a VPC security group.
Private subnet
Create a DB subnet group.

Create an Amazon RDS DB instance and interact

Amazon RDS
with your database.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 25
Lab 5: Final product

AWS Cloud
Availability Zone A Availability Zone B
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet 1: Public subnet 2:
10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24
Internet Security group
NAT Web
Internet
gateway gateway Server

Private subnet 1: Private subnet 2:

10.0.3.0/24 10.0.4.0/24
Security group Security group
RDS DB RDS DB
Primary Secondary

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 26
~ 30 minutes

Begin Lab 5: Build your

DB server and interact
with your DB using an
application

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 27
 Lab debrief:
key takeaways

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 28
Section 1 key • With Amazon RDS, you can set up, operate, and
scale relational databases in the cloud.
takeaways
• Features –
• Managed service
• Accessible via the console, AWS Command Line Interface (AWS
CLI), or application programming interface (API) calls
• Scalable (compute and storage)
• Automated redundancy and backup are available
• Supported database engines:
• Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server

29
© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Section 2: Amazon DynamoDB
Module 8: Databases

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Relational versus non-relational databases
Relational (SQL) Non-Relational
Data Storage Rows and columns Key-value, document, graph
Schemas Fixed Dynamic
Focuses on collection of
Querying Uses SQL
documents
Scalability Vertical Horizontal

ISBN Title Author Format {

ISBN: 3111111223439,
Withering Jackson, Title: “Withering Depths”,
Example 3111111223439
Depths Mateo
Paperback
Author: ”Jackson, Mateo”,
Format: “Paperback”
Wang,
3122222223439 Wily Willy Ebook }
Xiulan

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 31
What is Amazon DynamoDB?

Fast and flexible NoSQL database service for any scale

• NoSQL database tables

• Virtually unlimited storage

• Items can have differing attributes

• Low-latency queries

• Scalable read/write throughput

Amazon DynamoDB

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 32
Amazon DynamoDB core components
• Tables, items, and attributes are the core DynamoDB components

• DynamoDB supports two different kinds of primary keys: Partition key and
partition and sort key

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 33
Partitioning

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 34
Items in a table must have a key

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 35
Section 2 key Amazon DynamoDB:
takeaways • Runs exclusively on SSDs.
• Supports document and key-value store models.
• Replicates your tables automatically across your choice
of AWS Regions.
• Works well for mobile, web, gaming, adtech, and
Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
• Is accessible via the console, the AWS CLI, and API calls.
• Provides consistent, single-digit millisecond latency at
any scale.
• Has no limits on table size or throughput.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 36
 Recorded demo:
Amazon DynamoDB
console

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 37
Amazon DynamoDB demonstration

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 38
Section 3: Amazon Redshift
Module 8: Databases

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Amazon Redshift

Amazon Redshift

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 40
Introduction to Amazon Redshift

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 41
Parallel processing architecture

SQL Clients/BI tools

Amazon Redshift
Leader node

Dense compute
node Dense compute nodes
• Virtual Core
• RAM
• Local disk Amazon DynamoDB
Amazon S3

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 42
Automation and scaling

Manage

Monitor

Scale

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 43
Compatibility

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 44
Amazon Redshift use cases (1 of 2)
• Enterprise data warehouse (EDW)
• Migrate at a pace that customers are comfortable with
• Experiment without large upfront cost or commitment
• Respond faster to business needs

• Big data
• Low price point for small customers
• Managed service for ease of deployment and maintenance
• Focus more on data and less on database management

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 45
Amazon Redshift use cases (2 of 2)
• Software as a service (SaaS)
• Scale the data warehouse capacity as demand grows
• Add analytic functionality to applications
• Reduce hardware and software costs

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 46
Section 3 key Amazon Redshift features:
takeaways • Fast, fully managed data warehouse service
• Easily scale with no downtime
• Columnar storage and parallel processing
architectures
• Automatically and continuously monitors
cluster
• Encryption is built in

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 47
Section 4: Amazon Aurora
Module 8: Databases

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Amazon Aurora

• Enterprise-class relational database

• Compatible with MySQL or PostgreSQL

• Automate time-consuming tasks (such as

provisioning, patching, backup, recovery,

Amazon Aurora failure detection, and repair).

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 49
Amazon Aurora service benefits

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 50
High availability

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 51
Resilient design

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 52
Section 4 key Amazon Aurora features:
takeaways • High performance and scalability
• High availability and durability
• Multiple levels of security
• Compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL
• Fully managed

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 53
The right tool for the right job

What are my requirements?

Enterprise-class relational database Amazon RDS

Fast and flexible NoSQL database service for any scale Amazon DynamoDB

Operating system access or application features that are Databases on Amazon

not supported by AWS database services EC2
Specific case-driven requirements (machine learning, data AWS purpose-built
warehouse, graphs) database services
© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 54
Database case study activity (1 of 3)
Case 1: A data protection and management company that provides services to enterprises. They must provide database services for over
55 petabytes of data. They have two types of data that require a database solution. First, they need a relational database store for
configuration data. Second, they need a store for unstructured metadata to support a de-duplication service. After the data is de-
duplicated, it is stored in Amazon S3 for quick retrieval, and eventually moved to Amazon S3 Glacier for long-term storage. The following
diagram illustrates their architecture.

AWS Cloud
??? Metadata database
???
Configuration
Corporate
data center
database

Amazon EC2 Amazon Simple Storage Amazon Simple Storage

Service (Amazon S3) Service Glacier

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 55
Database case study activity (2 of 3)
Case 2: A commercial shipping company that uses an on-premises legacy data management system. They must migrate to
a serverless ecosystem while they continue to use their existing database system, which is based on Oracle. They are also
in the process of decomposing their highly structured relational data into semistructured data. The following diagram
illustrates their architecture.

Database

???
AWS AppSync
AWS Lambda AWS Lambda

Corporate Oracle AWS Lambda

data center database Amazon Simple
Notification Service
(Amazon SNS)

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 56
Database case study activity 3
Case 3: An online payment processing company that processes over1 million transactions per day. They must provide
services to ecommerce customers who offer flash sales (sales that offer greatly reduced prices for a limited time), where
demand can increase by 30 times in a short time period. They use IAM and AWS KMS to authenticate transactions with
financial institutions. They need high throughput for these peak loads. The following diagram illustrates their architecture.

AWS Cloud

Database
??? AWS Identity and Access
Management (IAM)
Elastic Load Balancing
Internet
Banks
AWS SDK
AWS Key Management
Read replicas Service (AWS KMS)
Amazon EC2
instances

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 57
Module wrap-up
Module 8: Databases

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Module summary
In summary, in this module, you learned how to:
• Explain Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)

• Identify the functionality in Amazon RDS

• Explain Amazon DynamoDB

• Identify the functionality in Amazon DynamoDB

• Explain Amazon Redshift

• Explain Amazon Aurora

• Perform tasks in an RDS database, such as launching, configuring, and interacting

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 59
Complete the knowledge check

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 60
 Sample exam question
Which of the following is a fully-managed NoSQL database service?

Choice Response

A Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)

B Amazon DynamoDB

C Amazon Aurora

D Amazon Redshift

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 61
Sample exam question answer
Which of the following is a fully-managed NoSQL database service?

The correct answer is B.

The keywords in the question are “NoSQL database service”.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 62
Additional resources
• AWS Database page: https://aws.amazon.com/products/databases/
• Amazon RDS page: https://aws.amazon.com/rds/
• Overview of Amazon database services:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/aws-
overview/database.html
• Getting started with AWS databases:
https://aws.amazon.com/products/databases/learn/

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 63
 Thank you

Corrections, feedback, or other questions?

Contact us at https://support.aws.amazon.com/#/contacts/aws-academy.
All trademarks are the property of their owners.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 64