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Chapter one
1. Introduction to multimedia

As an introduction to multimedia, in Chap. 1 we consider the question of just

what multimedia is. Since Multimedia is indeed a practical field, Chap. 1 also
supplies an overview of multimedia software tools, such as video editors and
digital audio programs.

1.1 What is Multimedia ?

When different people mention the term multimedia, they often have quite
different, or even opposing, viewpoints
 A PC vendor: a PC that has sound capability, a DVD-ROM drive, and
perhaps the superiority of multimedia-enabled microprocessors that
understand additional multimedia instructions.
 A consumer entertainment vendor: interactive cable TV with hundreds of
digital channels available, or a cable TV-like service delivered over a
high-speed Internet connection.
 A Computer Science (CS) student: applications that use multiple modalities,
including text, images, drawings (graphics), animation, video, sound
including speech, and interactivity.

Before we go on,Let us define it from two perspectives:

I. In terms of what multimedia is all about.
It refers to the storage, transmission, interchange, presentation and
perception of different information types (data types) such as text, graphics,
voice, audio and video where:
Storage- refers to the type of physical means to store data.
 Magnetic tape
 Hard disk

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 Optical disk
 DVDs
 CD-ROMs , etc.
Presentation- refers to the type of physical means to reproduce information to
the user.
 Speakers
 Video windows, etc.
Representation- related to how information is described in an abstract form
for use within an electronic system. E.g. to present text to the user, the text can
be coded in raster graphics, primitive graphics, or simple ASCII characters.
The same presentation, different representation.
Perception- describes the nature of information as perceived by the user
 Speech
 Music
 Film
II. Based on the word "Multimedia" It is composed of two words:
Multi- multiple/many
Media- source
Source refers to different kind of information that we use in multimedia. This
includes:
 Text
 Graphics
 Audio
 Video
 images
Multimedia refers to multiple sources of information. It is a system which
integrates all the above types.
General and working definition:
Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer controlled integration of
text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (video), animation, and any

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other media where every type of information can be represented, stored,

transmitted, and processed digitally
Characteristics of a Multimedia System
A Multimedia system has four basic characteristics:
 Multimedia systems must be computer controlled
 Multimedia systems are integrated
 The information they handle must be represented digitally
 The interface to the final presentation of media is usually interactive
Multimedia Applications (where it is applied)
 Digital video editing and production systems
 Home shopping
 Interactive movies, and TV
 Multimedia courseware
 Video conferencing
 Virtual reality(the creation of artificial environment that you can
explore, e.g. 3-D images, etc)
 Distributed lectures for higher education
 Tele-medicine
 Digital libraries
 World Wide Web
 On-line reference works e.g. encyclopedias, games, etc.
 Electronic Newspapers/Magazines
 Games
 Groupware (enabling groups of people to collaborate on projects and
share information)
1.2 History of Multimedia
A brief history of the use of multimedia to communicate ideas might begin
with newspapers, which were perhaps the first mass communication medium,
using text, graphics, and images.

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Motion pictures were originally conceived of in the 1830s to observe motion

too rapid for perception by the human eye. Thomas Alva Edison
'commissioned the invention of a motion picture camera in 1887. Silent feature
films appeared from 1910 to 1927; the silent era effectively ended with the
release of The Jazz Singer in 1927.
In 1895, Guglielmo Marconi sent his first wireless radio transmission at
Pontecchio, Italy. A few years later (1901), he detected radio waves beamed
across the Atlantic. Initially invented for telegraph, radio is now a major
medium for audio broadcasting. In 1909, Marconi shared the Nobel Prize for
physics ….
1.3 Multimedia and Hypermedia
Ted Nelson invented the term "Hyper-Text" around 1965. Whereas we may
think of a book as a linear medium, basically meant to be read from beginning
to end, a hypertext system is meant to be read non-linearly, by following links
that point to other parts of the document, or indeed to other documents.
Hypermedia is not constrained to be text-based. It can include other media,
such as graphics, images, and especially the continuous media - sound and
video. Apparently Ted Nelson was also the first to use this term. The World
Wide Web 0vww) is the best example of a hypermedia application.
As we have seen, multimedia fundamentally means that computer information
can be represented through audio, graphics, images, video. and animation in
addition to traditional media (text and graphics). Hypermedia can be
considered one particular multimedia application.
Examples of Hypermedia Applications:
 The World Wide Web (WWW) is the best example of hypermedia
applications.
 PowerPoint
 Adobe Acrobat
 Macromedia Director

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1.4 Multimedia and World Wide Web

WORLD WIDE WEB
The World Wide Web is the largest and most commonly used hypermedia
application. Its popularity is due to the amount of information available from
web servers, the capacity to post such information, and the ease of navigating
such information with a web browser.
WWW technology Is maintained and developed by the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), although the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
standardizes the technologies. TheW3C has listed the following three goals for
the WWW: universal access of web resources (by everyone everywhere),
effectiveness of navigating available information, and responsible use of posted
material.
Multimedia is closely tied to the World Wide Web (WWW). Without networks,
multimedia is limited to simply displaying images, videos, and sounds on your
local machine. The true power of multimedia is the ability to deliver this rich
content to a large audience.
Features of Multimedia
Multimedia has three aspects:
Content: movie, production, etc.
Creative Design: creativity is important in designing the presentation
Enabling Technologies: Network and software tools that allow creative
designs to be presented.

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