Variables are placeholders for storing data in memory.

Constants are immutable values set at compile-time in many languages.

Functions encapsulate reusable blocks of code.
Loops allow repetitive execution of code blocks.
An if statement introduces conditional logic in code.
Arrays are contiguous memory blocks used to store collections of elements.
A null reference points to no object or value.
Strings are immutable in languages like Java and Python.
Linked lists use nodes to store elements dynamically.
Hash tables map keys to values for fast lookup.
Stacks follow the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle.
Queues operate on a First In, First Out (FIFO) basis.
Binary search is faster than linear search in sorted datasets.
Sorting algorithms organize data in a specific order.
O(n) indicates linear complexity in Big O notation.
O(log n) complexity applies to binary search.
Recursion solves problems by dividing them into subproblems.
Dynamic programming optimizes recursive solutions using caching.
Regular expressions help match patterns in text.
APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) enable system communication.
REST APIs use HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
HTTP status code 200 means "OK."
HTTP 403 means "Forbidden," while 404 means "Not Found."
JSON is a lightweight data format for web communication.
XML uses tags to structure hierarchical data.
YAML is a human-readable data serialization format.
A database is an organized collection of data.
SQL is used to manage relational databases.
A primary key uniquely identifies rows in a table.
A foreign key enforces a link between two tables.
Indexes speed up database queries.
ACID properties ensure database reliability.
Git is a distributed version control system.
A Git branch isolates features or experiments.
Git merge integrates changes from branches.
Git rebase rewrites commit history.
Object-Oriented Programming uses classes and objects.
Inheritance lets a class reuse properties of another class.
Polymorphism allows methods to behave differently based on context.
Encapsulation restricts access to object internals.
Abstraction hides implementation details from the user.
Constructors initialize objects in OOP.
Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems.
Singleton ensures only one instance of a class exists.
Factory patterns create objects without specifying exact classes.
Dependency injection decouples components for flexibility.
MVC (Model-View-Controller) separates application concerns.
Microservices split systems into loosely coupled services.
Docker containers package applications with dependencies.
Kubernetes manages containerized applications.
Java uses JVM to run bytecode on multiple platforms.
Python's dynamic typing allows flexible variable assignment.
JavaScript is event-driven and asynchronous by nature.
C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.
C is commonly used for low-level system programming.
Ruby is popular for web development with Ruby on Rails.
PHP powers many websites, including WordPress.
Swift is Apple's programming language for iOS and macOS.
Go is optimized for concurrency and simplicity.
Rust ensures memory safety without garbage collection.
TypeScript adds static typing to JavaScript.
SQLAlchemy is a popular ORM in Python.
Django is a high-level Python web framework.
Flask is a lightweight Python framework for web apps.
React is a JavaScript library for building UIs.
Angular is a TypeScript-based framework for dynamic web apps.
Vue.js is a progressive framework for building UIs.
Node.js allows server-side JavaScript execution.
Express.js is a Node.js framework for web servers.
GraphQL provides flexible APIs with query-based data fetching.
MongoDB is a NoSQL database using JSON-like documents.
Redis is an in-memory key-value store.
PostgreSQL is an advanced relational database.
SQLite is a lightweight database used in mobile apps.
Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy.
Apache is a widely used web server.
HTTPS secures web traffic using encryption.
TLS replaces SSL for secure web communications.
Asynchronous programming improves responsiveness.
Promises manage asynchronous operations in JavaScript.
async and await simplify handling promises.
Threads allow concurrent execution in programs.
Deadlocks occur when threads block each other.
Mutexes prevent race conditions in multithreading.
Lambda functions provide inline, anonymous functions.
Map-reduce is a parallel data processing model.
Machine learning automates pattern recognition.
Neural networks simulate the human brain's functioning.
TensorFlow and PyTorch are machine learning frameworks.
Data structures store and organize data efficiently.
Graphs model relationships with nodes and edges.
Binary trees allow fast searching and sorting.
Heaps efficiently implement priority queues.
Hash maps offer constant time key-value lookups.
Sorting algorithms include quicksort, mergesort, and heapsort.
Linear regression predicts continuous variables.
Classification models predict discrete categories.
Clustering groups similar data points.
Cryptography secures data with encryption.
Symmetric encryption uses the same key for encryption and decryption.
Asymmetric encryption uses public-private key pairs.
AES is a widely used symmetric encryption algorithm.
RSA is a popular asymmetric encryption method.
Blockchain ensures data integrity in distributed systems.
APIs enable automation and system integration.
OAuth 2.0 secures API access with tokens.
HTTP cookies store session data.
Session hijacking compromises web security.
SQL injection targets vulnerabilities in database queries.
XSS injects malicious scripts into web pages.
CSRF exploits trusted user sessions.
Firewalls monitor and control network traffic.
Load balancers distribute traffic across servers.
Caching improves application performance.
CDN (Content Delivery Network) accelerates content delivery.
WebSockets enable real-time web communication.
JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) secure web communication.
Agile development emphasizes iterative improvement.
Scrum uses sprints for short development cycles.
Kanban visualizes workflow on boards.
Continuous Integration automates code

3. Top 10 Productivity Hacks for Students

Set Clear Goals: Break tasks into smaller, actionable steps.

Use the Pomodoro Technique: Work for 25 minutes, then take a 5-minute break.

Eliminate Distractions: Turn off notifications and use apps like Focus@Will.

Prioritize Tasks: Apply the Eisenhower Matrix to categorize urgent and important
tasks.

Use Digital Tools: Try apps like Notion, Evernote, or Trello for organization.

Stick to a Routine: Establish consistent study times.

Practice Active Recall: Test yourself instead of passively rereading notes.

Take Care of Your Health: Regular exercise and adequate sleep improve focus.

Declutter Your Workspace: A clean environment fosters productivity.

Reward Yourself: Celebrate small victories to stay motivated.

Apply these techniques consistently, and watch your efficiency skyrocket.

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