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Blockchain Exam Answers

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225 views3 pages

Blockchain Exam Answers

Uploaded by

ajinkyabangar2907
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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### 1 Mark Questions:

1. What is a nonce?

A nonce is a random number used only once in cryptographic communications.

In blockchain, it is used in mining to create a unique hash for a block.

2. Define DAO.

A Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is an organization governed by rules

encoded as smart contracts on a blockchain, eliminating the need for centralized management.

3. What is an immutable ledger?

An immutable ledger is a record that cannot be altered or deleted once it has been added to

the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and security.

4. What is a smart contract?

A smart contract is a self-executing agreement with terms directly written in code.

It operates on blockchain and automatically enforces the agreed conditions.

### 2-Mark Questions:

1. Explain the components of a blockchain block.

A blockchain block consists of:

- Header: Includes the previous block hash, timestamp, nonce, and Merkle root (hash of all transactions i

- Transactions: A list of verified transactions.

- Hash: A unique identifier for the block.

2. What are the applications of testnets in Ethereum?

Testnets are used for:


- Testing smart contracts and decentralized apps without risking real funds.

- Debugging and auditing smart contract code before deployment.

Examples of Ethereum testnets: Ropsten, Rinkeby, Goerli, and Sepolia.

### 4-Mark Questions:

1. Compare Blockchain and Traditional Databases:

Feature | Blockchain | Traditional Database

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Centralization | Decentralized | Centralized

Immutability | Immutable (data cannot change) | Mutable (data can change)

Security | High, using cryptography | Relies on access controls

Use Cases | Cryptocurrency, smart contracts | Financial systems, e-commerce

2. Explain Ethereum Architecture:

Ethereum has the following key components:

- Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): Executes smart contracts.

- Blockchain: Distributed ledger that stores all transactions and contract states.

- Nodes: Computers that maintain and validate the blockchain.

- Consensus Mechanism: Initially Proof of Work (PoW), now transitioning to Proof of Stake (PoS).

- Smart Contracts: Self-executing programs deployed on the blockchain.

3. What are the challenges of blockchain?

- Scalability: Limited transaction throughput in public blockchains.

- Energy Consumption: Proof of Work (PoW) mechanisms require significant energy.

- Complexity: Difficult to understand and implement for non-technical users.

- Regulation: Legal frameworks are unclear in many jurisdictions.

- Security: Vulnerabilities like 51% attacks and phishing scams.

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