Noun: it refers to a person, place or thing. Nouns: Paul, Paris, house, table, etc.
Adjectives: they are generally joined with adjectives: red, sad. tired, big, etc nouns because adjectives describe or modify nouns. verbs: run, study, do, want, wait, etc Verbs: verbs are the actions in the sentences. adverbs: slowly, extremely, soon, here, etc Adverbs: they go with verbs. Adverbs always describe a verb. Most of the adverbs end with ‘ly’. pronouns: you, he, she, they, etc Pronouns: they are very similar to nouns. (you, he, she, it). Determiners: a, the, one, etc Determiners: A determiner is a word that modifies, describes, or introduces a noun. prepositions: to, of, from, etc. Prepositions: preside an object complement Phrase structure rules S – NP VP NP – N (det) (adj) (PP) PP – P NP VP – V (NP) (PP) (ADV) Adv P Adv P Adj P
S (Sentence) consists of a NP (noun phrase) and VP (verb phrase)
NP consists of a N (noun) and sometimes it can have a det, adj or preposition (ex. a car, my car) PP (prepositional phrase) you need a prep and a NP. prep: to, near, but, etc. (ex. near my house) VP it consists of a Verb and optionally (NP) (PP) (ADV) (ex. run, to be) Adv P It contains an adv (loudly, in) Adj P clause elements: function
1. the subject:(s)
2. the verb (v)
3. the object (o): direct
object(D.O)-indirect object(I.O) 4. the complement (C)
5. the adverbial 7 basic clauses types LET’S ANALYSE THESE SENTENCES
Sandy sold a car
Sandy sold a red car
Sandy sold Kim a red car for fifteen hundred dollars
The small boy saw George with a crazy boy recently.
The old lady with the big hat came in through my window.
My name is Sam and I will be your teacher for a month.
