‫‪SQL‬‬

‫‪Structured Query Language‬‬

‫ﻟﻐﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺳ ﺎرات ا ﻟﺑﻧﯾوﯾﺔ‬

‫اﻋد اد ‪ :‬ﺧ ﺎ ﻟد ا ﻟز اﻛﻲ ﻋﺑد ﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

‫ﻣ ﺎھﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ SQL‬؟‬

‫¸ ﺗﻣﻛﻧك ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ SQL‬ﻣن اﻟوﺻول اﻟﻰ اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻲ ﻗواﻋد اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬

‫¸ ‪ SQL‬ھﻲ ﻣن اﺣد ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر ‪(American National Standards institute) ANSI‬‬

‫ﻣ ﺎذ ا ﺗﻔﻌل ‪ SQL‬او ﻣ ﺎ ھﻲ ﻓ ﺎﺋدﺗﮭ ﺎ؟‬

‫‪ SQL‬ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮭﺎ ان ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗﻧﻔﯾذ اﻻﺳﺗﻌﻼﻣﺎت ﻣن ﻗواﻋد اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫¸‬

‫‪ SQL‬ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮭﺎ ان ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎﺳﺗرداد اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣن ﻗواﻋد اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫¸‬
‫‪ SQL‬ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎدﺧﺎل اﻟﺳﺟﻼت ﻓﻲ ﻗواﻋد اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫¸‬
‫‪ SQL‬ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣدﯾث اﻟﺳﺟﻼت ﻓﻲ ﻗواﻋد اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫¸‬
‫‪ SQL‬ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮭﺎ ان ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺣذف اﻟﺳﺟﻼت ﻣن ﻗواﻋد اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫¸‬
‫‪ SQL‬ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮭﺎ ان ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎﻧﺷﺎء ﻗﺎﻋدة ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺟدﯾدة‬ ‫¸‬
‫‪ SQL‬ﯾﻣﻛ ﻧﮭﺎ ان ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎﻧﺷﺎء ﺟدول ﺟدﯾد داﺧ ل ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫¸‬
‫‪ SQL‬ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮭﺎ ان ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎﻋداد اﻟ ﺻﻼﺣﯾﺎت داﺧل اﻟﺟدو ل و اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﻧﺎت و اﻻﺟراءات‬ ‫¸‬

‫*ﻣ ﻠﺣوظﺎت ھ ﺎﻣﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺳﺟﻼت ھﻲ "اﻟ ﺻﻔوف ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟدول"‬ ‫‪.i‬‬

‫‪ SQL‬ﻟ ﯾﺳت ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺔ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﺣروف ﺳواء ﻛﺎﻧت ‪ Uppercase‬او ‪Lowercase‬‬ ‫‪.ii‬‬
‫ﺑﻌض اﻟ ﺑراﻣﺞ ﺗطﻠب و ﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﻘوطﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻻﻣر ‪Semicolon‬‬ ‫‪.iii‬‬
‫ﺗﺣﺗوي ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟدول واﺣد او اﻛﺛر‬ ‫‪.iv‬‬

‫ﺗﻧﻘﺳم ‪ ) SQL‬ﻟﻐﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺳ ﺎرات ا ﻟﺑﻧﯾوﯾﺔ( ا ﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ DML‬و ‪ DDL‬و ‪DCL‬‬

‫أوﻻً‪ (Data Manipulating Language) DML :‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻌ ﺎ ﻟﺟﺔ ا ﻟﺑﯾ ﺎﻧﺎت وﻣن اھم او اﻣرھ ﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 ‫‪Command‬‬ ‫?‪What it does‬‬
‫اﻻﻣر‬ ‫ﻣ ﺎذ ا ﯾﻔﻌل؟‬
‫‪SELECT‬‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧراج اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣن ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫‪UPDATE‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾث اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫‪DELETE‬‬ ‫ﺣذف اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣن ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫‪INSERT INTO‬‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل ﺑﯾﻧﺎت ﺟدﯾدة ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ ً‪ (Data Definition Language) DDL :‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻌرﯾف ا ﻟﺑﯾ ﺎﻧﺎت و ﻣن اھم او اﻣرھ ﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Command‬‬ ‫?‪What it does‬‬

‫اﻻﻣر‬ ‫ﻣ ﺎذ ا ﯾﻔﻌل؟‬
‫‪CREATE DATABASE‬‬ ‫اﻧﺷﺎء ﻗﺎﻋدة ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺟدﯾدة‬
‫‪ALTER DATABASE‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺳﯾن او ﺗﻌدﯾل ﻗﺎﻋدة ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫‪CREATE TABLE‬‬ ‫ا ﻧﺷﺎء ﺟدول ﺟدﯾد‬
‫‪ALTER TABLE‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌدﯾ ل اﻟﺟدول‬
‫‪DROP TABLE‬‬ ‫ﺣذف اﻟﺟدول‬
‫‪CREATE INDEX‬‬ ‫اﻧﺷﺎء ﻓﮭرس )ﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻟﺑﺣث(‬

‫ﺛﺎ ﻟﺛﺎ ً‪ (Data Control Language) DCL :‬ﻟﻐﺔ ا ﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ ا ﻟﺑﯾ ﺎﻧﺎت و ﻣن اھم او اﻣرھﺎ‬

‫‪Command‬‬ ‫?‪What it does‬‬

‫اﻻﻣر‬ ‫ﻣ ﺎذ ا ﯾﻔﻌل؟‬
‫‪GRANT‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌطﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﯾن اﻣﺗﯾﺎزات ﻓﻲ اﻟوﺻول ﻟﻘﺎﻋدة اﻟ ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت او‬
‫ﺻﻼﺣﯾﺎت ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬
‫‪REVOKE‬‬ ‫ﺳﺣب اﻣﺗﯾﺎز ات اﻟو ﺻول اﻟﺗ ﻲ ﯾﻌط ﯾﮭ ﺎ اﻷﻣر ‪GRANT‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 ‫اﻧو اع ا ﻟﺑﯾ ﺎﻧ ﺎت‪:‬‬

‫ﻧوع ا ﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧ ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟو ﺻف‬

‫)‪numeric(p,s‬‬ ‫ا ﻟد ﻗﺔ ا ﻟﺛ ﺎﺑﺗﺔ و أرﻗ ﺎم اﻟﻘﯾ ﺎس‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺳﻣﺢ اﻷر ﻗﺎم ﻣن ‪-10 ^ 38 ^ 1-10 38 -1.‬‬

‫ا ﻟﻣﻌ ﻠﻣﺔ ‪P‬ﯾﺷﯾر إ ﻟﻰ اﻟﺣد اﻷﻗ ﺻﻰ ﻹﺟﻣﺎ ﻟﻲ ﻋدد اﻷر ﻗﺎم ا ﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣﻛن‬
‫ﺗﺧزﯾﻧﮭ ﺎ (ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺣد ﺳو اء إ ﻟﻰ ا ﻟﯾﺳ ﺎر وإ ﻟﻰ ا ﻟﯾﻣﯾن ﻣن ا ﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ا ﻟﻌﺷرﯾﺔ ‪).‬ف ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﻛون ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ 1-38.‬اﻻ ﻓﺗراﺿﻲ ھو ‪18.‬‬

‫‪s‬ا ﻟﻣﻌ ﻠﻣﺔ ﯾﺷﯾر إ ﻟﻰ ا ﻟﺣد اﻷﻗ ﺻﻰ ﻟﻌدد اﻷرﻗ ﺎم ا ﻟﻣﺧزﻧﺔ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﯾﻣﯾن‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎ ﺻﻠﺔ ا ﻟﻌﺷرﯾﺔ ‪.‬و ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﻛون ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻣن ‪ 0‬إ ﻟﻰ ف ‪.‬ا ﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻓﺗر ا ﺿﯾﺔ ھﻲ ‪0‬‬
‫‪Float‬‬ ‫ا ﻟﻛﺳور ا ﻟﻌﺷرﯾﺔ‬
‫‪int‬‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻرﻗ ﺎم ﺑﯾن ‪ -2,147,483,648‬و‬
‫‪2,147,483,647‬‬
‫‪Date/Time‬‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت او ا ﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬
‫‪Char‬‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻧ ﺻوص ﻓﻘط ﻛﺣد ا ﻗﺻﻰ ‪ 255‬ﺣرف‬
‫‪VarChar‬‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺣروف و اﻻرﻗ ﺎم و ا ﻟرﻣوزﻛﺣد اﻗ ﺻﻰ ‪ 255‬ﺣرف‬
‫‪Nvarchar‬‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺣروف و اﻻرﻗ ﺎم و ا ﻟرﻣوز ﺑﺎ ﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ا ﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ او اي ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫اﺧرى‬
‫‪nchat‬‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺣروف ﻛﺣد اﻗﺻﻰ ‪ 255‬ﺣرف و ﺗﻘﺑل اﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ا ﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬

‫ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ ‪ SELECT‬ﻓﻲ ‪SQL‬‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻻﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣن ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬

‫ﺗﻌرض اﻟ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ )اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت( ﻓﻲ ﺟدول ﺑﺳﻣﻰ ‪Result-set‬‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ ‪ SELECT‬ﻓﻲ ‪SQL‬‬

‫‪SELECT column_name FROM table_name‬‬

‫ﺣﯾث ﯾﻘوم اﻻﻣر اﻟﺳﺎﺑق ﺑﺎﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻣود ﻣﻌﯾن ﻣن ﺟدول ﻣﻌﯾن ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋدة ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺎ‬

‫‪SELECT * FROM table_name‬‬

‫ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻣن ﺟدول ﻣﺎ ﺣﯾث * ﺗﺷﯾر اﻟﻰ اﻟﻛل وﺗﺳﻣﻰ ‪asterix‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 SELECT DISTINCT ‫ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

(DISTINCT) ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض ﻣن اﻻﺣﯾﺎن ﺗﻛون ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﻗﯾم ﻣﻛررة و ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻻﺣﯾﺎن ﯾﻛون ﻟدﯾك ااﻟرﻏﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋرض اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬

SELECT DISTINCT ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name

:‫ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬Employee ‫ﻣﺛ ﺎل ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺟدول‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

:‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬SELECT ‫ ﺳوف ﻧﻘوم ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬, Nationality ‫اﻻن ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣود‬

SELECT DISTINICT Nationality FROM Employee

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

Nationality
Egypt
Sudan

WHERE ‫ا ﻟﺷرط‬

‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟ ﺗﻧﻘﯾﺔ )ﻓﻠﺗرة( اﻟﺳﺟﻼت‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ا ﻟﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ ﻟﮭذ ا اﻟﺷرط‬

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value

:‫ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬Employee ‫ﻣﺛ ﺎل ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺟدول‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 ‫و ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر اﻻﺷﺧﺎص ﻣن دوﻟﺔ ﻣ ﺻر ‪ . Egypt‬ﺳوف ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ‪ SELECT‬اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‪:‬‬

‫’‪SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE Nationality = ‘Egypt‬‬

‫ﻣ ﻠﺣوظﺔ‪ :‬ﺗوﺿﻊ ا ﻟﻧﺻوص ﺑﯾن ﻋﻼﻣﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺻﯾص ’‘ ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻرﻗ ﺎم ﺗﻛون ﺑدون ھذه ا ﻟﻌﻼﻣ ﺎت‬

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

‫‪E_ID‬‬ ‫‪FirstName‬‬ ‫‪LastName‬‬ ‫‪Address‬‬ ‫‪Nationality‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed‬‬ ‫‪Mostafa‬‬ ‫‪Nasr City‬‬ ‫‪Egypt‬‬

‫ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐﻠﯾن ‪ AND‬و ‪OR‬‬

‫ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل ‪ AND‬ﯾﻌرض اﻟ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻘط ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ان ﯾﺗﺣﻘق اﻟﺷر ط اﻻول و اﻟﺷرط اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ا ي ﻛﻼھﻣﺎ ‪True‬‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ا ﻟﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ ﻟﮭذ ا اﻟﺷرط‬

‫‪SELECT Column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE Column_name Operator Value AND‬‬

‫‪Column_name Operator Value‬‬

‫ﻣﺛ ﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل ‪ AND‬ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺟدول ‪ Employee‬ا ﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪E_ID‬‬ ‫‪FirstName‬‬ ‫‪LastName‬‬ ‫‪Address‬‬ ‫‪Nationality‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed‬‬ ‫‪Mostafa‬‬ ‫‪Nasr City‬‬ ‫‪Egypt‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Mohamed‬‬ ‫‪Abbas‬‬ ‫‪Altaief‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Emad‬‬ ‫‪Mohamed‬‬ ‫‪Altaief‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬

‫و اﻻن ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر اﻻﺷﺧﺎص اﻟذﯾن ﯾﺳﻛوﻧون ﻓﻲ ﺣﻲ اﻟطﺎﺋف و ﺣﻲ ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ﻧ ﺻر ‪ .‬ﺳوف ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ‪ SELECT‬اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‪:‬‬

‫’‪SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE Address = ‘Nasr City’ AND Address = ’Altaief‬‬

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

‫‪E_ID‬‬ ‫‪FirstName‬‬ ‫‪LastName‬‬ ‫‪Address‬‬ ‫‪Nationality‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed‬‬ ‫‪Mostafa‬‬ ‫‪Nasr City‬‬ ‫‪Egypt‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Mohamed‬‬ ‫‪Abbas‬‬ ‫‪Altaief‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Emad‬‬ ‫‪Mohamed‬‬ ‫‪Altaief‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬

‫وﻟﻛن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم ﺗﺣﻘق اﺣد اﻟﺷرطﯾن ا ي ﻣﺎ ﻗﺑل ‪ AND‬او ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌده ﻟن ﺗظﮭر اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺛﻼ اذا اردﻧﺎ اﻻﺷﺧﺎص اﻟذﯾن ﯾﺳﻛﻧون ﻓﻲ ﺣﻲ‬
‫اﻟطﺎﺋف و ﺣﻲ ﻣﺻر اﻟﺟدﯾدة ﻟن ﺗظﮭر ا ي ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ رﻏم ﺗوﻓر اﺣد اﻟﺷرطﯾن و ھو اﻧﮫ ﯾوﺟد اﺷﺧﺎص ﯾﺳﻛﻧون ﻓﻲ ﺣﻲ اﻟظﺎﺋف و ھذه ھﻲ‬
‫اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟ ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ ﻟﻔﮭم اﻟﺷرط ‪AND‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 ‫ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل ‪ OR‬ﯾﻌرض اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اذا ﺗﺣﻘق ﺷر ط واﺣد ﻓﻘط‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ا ﻟﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ ﻟﮭذ ا اﻟﺷرط‬

‫‪SELECT Column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE Column_name Operator Value OR Column_name‬‬

‫‪Operator Value‬‬

‫ﻣﺛ ﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل ‪ OR‬ﻟدﯾﻧ ﺎ ﺟدول ‪ Employee‬ا ﻟﺗﺎ ﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪E_ID‬‬ ‫‪FirstName‬‬ ‫‪LastName‬‬ ‫‪Address‬‬ ‫‪Nationality‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed‬‬ ‫‪Mostafa‬‬ ‫‪Nasr City‬‬ ‫‪Egypt‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Mohamed‬‬ ‫‪Abbas‬‬ ‫‪Altaief‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Emad‬‬ ‫‪Mohamed‬‬ ‫‪Altaief‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬

‫اﻻن ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر اﻻﺷﺧﺎص اﻟذﯾن ﯾﺳﻛﻧون ﻓﻲ ﺣﻲ اﻟطﺎﺋف او ﺣﻲ ﻣﺻر اﻟﺟدﯾدة ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺛﺎل اﻟﺳﺎﺑق و ھﻧﺎ ﺗﺧﺗﻠ ف اﻟ ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻻﻧﮫ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺷرط ‪ OR‬ﻧطﻠ ب ﻣن ‪ SQL‬ان ﯾﺧﺗﺎر اﯾﺎ ً ﻣن اﻟﺷرطﯾن ﺳواء ﺗﺣﻘق ﻛﻼھﻣﺎ ﻓﺳوف ﺗظﮭر اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺷرطﯾن او اذا ﺗﺣﻘق اﺣد اﻟﺷرطﯾن‬
‫ﻓﺳوف ﺗظﮭر ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺗﮫ ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ‪ SELECT‬ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬

‫’‪SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE Address = ‘Misr Al Gedida’ OR Address = ’Altaief‬‬

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

‫‪E_ID‬‬ ‫‪FirstName‬‬ ‫‪LastName‬‬ ‫‪Address‬‬ ‫‪Nationality‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Mohamed‬‬ ‫‪Abbas‬‬ ‫‪Altaief‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Emad‬‬ ‫‪Mohamed‬‬ ‫‪Altaief‬‬ ‫‪Sudan‬‬

‫ﻛ ﻠﻣﺔ ا ﻟﺑﺣث ‪ORDER BY‬‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﻟﻔرز اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺑﻌﺎ ً ﻟﻌﻣود ﻣﺣدد‬

‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ ا ﯾ ﺿﺎ ان ﻧرﺗب اﻟﺳﺟﻼت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗظﮭر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺗ ﺻﺎﻋدﯾﺎ او ﺗﻧﺎزﻟﯾﺎ ﻋن طرﯾق اﺳﺗﺧدام ‪ DESC‬و ﻣﻌﻧﺎھﺎ ﺗﻧﺎزﻟ ﯾﺎ او اﺳﺗﺧدام ‪ ASC‬و‬
‫ھﻲ ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﺗ ﺻﺎﻋدﯾﺎ ً‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ا ﻟﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ ﻟﻛ ﻠﻣﻰ ا ﻟﺑﺣث ‪ORDER BY‬‬

‫‪SELECT Column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY Column_name ASC|DESC‬‬

‫ﻣﺛﺎل ﻋ ﻠﻰ ا ﻟﺗرﺗﯾب ا ﻟﺗ ﺻ ﺎﻋدي ‪ ASC‬ﻟدﯾﻧ ﺎ ﺟدول ‪ Employee‬ا ﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality
1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

‫و ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﻘوم ﺑﺎظﮭﺎر اﻻﺷﺧﺎص )اﻻﺳم اﻻول و اﻻﺳم اﻻﺧﯾر و رﻗم اﻟﮭوﯾﺔ( و ﻧرﯾد ان ﺗﻛون اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ذات ﺗرﯾﺗﯾب ﺗ ﺻﺎﻋدي ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
:‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬SELECT ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

SELECT E_ID, FirstName,LastName FROM Employee ORDER BY E_ID ASC

ً ‫ اﻓﺗرا ﺿﯾﺎ‬ASC ‫ ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗرﺗﯾب اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺻﺎﻋدﯾﺎ‬SQL ‫ ﻻن‬ASC ‫ ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ ان ﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻛود اﻟﺳﺎﺑق دون ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬: ‫ﻣ ﻠﺣوظﺔ‬

SELECT E_ID, FirstName,LastName FROM Employee ORDER BY E_ID

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName

1 Ahmed Mostafa
2 Mohamed Abbas
3 Emad Mohamed

‫ ا ﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬Employee ‫ ﻟدﯾﻧ ﺎ ﺟدول‬DESC ‫ﻣﺛ ﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻟﺗرﺗﯾب ا ﻟﺗﻧﺎز ﻟﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

‫و ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﻘوم ﺑﺎظﮭﺎر اﻻﺷﺧﺎص )اﻻﺳم اﻻول و اﻻﺳم اﻻﺧﯾر و رﻗم اﻟﮭوﯾﺔ( و ﻧرﯾد ان ﺗﻛون اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ذا ت ﺗرﯾﺗﯾب ﺗﻧﺎزﻟﻲ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬
:‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬SELECT

SELECT E_ID, FirstName,LastName FROM Employee ORDER BY E_ID DESC

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName

3 Emad Mohamed
2 Mohamed Abbas
1 Ahmed Mostafa

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 INSERT INTO ‫ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻻدﺧﺎل ﺳﺟ ل ﺟدﯾد او ﺻف ﺟدﯾد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟدول ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬

INSERT INTO ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

:‫او ﺑﺷﻛل آﺧر ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

‫ ا ﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬Employee ‫ ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺟدول‬INSERT INTO ‫ﻣﺛﺎل ﻋ ﻠﻰ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

INSERT ‫ ﻧﻛﺗب ﺟﻣﻠﮫ‬. ‫ﻧرﯾد ادﺧﺎل ﺳﺟ ل ﺟدﯾد ﻟﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﺑرﻗم ھوﯾﺔ ﺟدﯾد ﺣﯾث ﯾﺳﻛن ﺧﺎﻟد ﻓﻲ اﻟرﯾﺎض و ﺟﻧﺳﯾﺗﮫ ھﻲ اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ‬
:‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬INTO

INSERT INTO Employee (E_ID,FirstName,LastName,Address,Nationality) VALUES

(4,’Khalid’,’Alzaki’,’Arryiadh’,’Saudi’)

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan
4 Khalid Alzaki Arryiadh Saudi

UPDATE ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻟ ﺗﻌدﯾ ل ﺳﺟ ل ﻣوﺟود او ﺗﺣدﯾﺛﺔ ا ي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب اﻟرﻏﺑﺔ‬

UPDATE ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

UPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value2,... WHERE some_column=some_value

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 :‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬Employee ‫ ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺟدول‬UPDATE ‫ﻣﺛﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan
4 Khalid Alzaki Arryiadh Saudi

‫و ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺣدث ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻻ ﻧﮫ ﺳﻛن ﻓﻲ ﺣﻲ ﺟدﯾد اﺳﻣﮫ اﻟ ﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺟ ل ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺳﺟ ل‬
:‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬UPDATE ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﻲ اﻟرﯾﺎض ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

UPDATE Employee SET Address=’AlSahafa’ WHERE E_ID=4

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan
4 Khalid Alzaki AlSahafa Saudi

‫ ﻟﻛﻲ ﻧﺣدد ا ي ﺳﺟ ل ﺗﺣدﯾداً ھو اﻟذي ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧدﺧ ل ﻋﻠﯾﮫ اﻟ ﺗﻌدﯾﻼت او‬WHERE ‫ ﻻ ﺑد ان ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﺷرط‬UPDATE ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬:‫ﻣ ﻠﺣوظﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﺗﺣدﯾﺛﮫ‬

DELETE ‫ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻣﺳﺢ ﺳﺟﻼت ﻣن اﻟﺟدول‬

DELETE ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_value

‫ ا ﻟﺗﺎ ﻟﻲ‬Employee ‫ ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺟدول‬DELETE ‫ﻣﺛﺎل ﻋ ﻠﻰ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan
4 Khalid Alzaki AlSahafa Saudi

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 :‫ اﻟﺗﺎﻟ ﯾﺔ‬DELETE ‫اﻻن ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﻘوم ﺑﺣذف ﺳﺟل ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻣن اﻟﺟدول ﻧﻛﺗب ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

DELETE FROM Employee WHERE E_ID=4

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

LIKE ‫اﻟﻣﺷﻐ ل‬

‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺑﺣث ﻋن ﻧﻣظ او ﻋﯾﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣود ﻣﺣدد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟدول‬

LIKE ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﺷﻐل‬SELECT ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺟﻣﻠﮫ‬

SELECT Column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE Column_name LIKE pattern

:‫ ا ﻟﺗﺎ ﻟﻲ‬Employee ‫ ﻟدﯾﻧ ﺎ ا ﻟﺟدول‬LIKE ‫ﻣﺛ ﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

:‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬SELECT ‫اﻻن ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر ﻣن اﻟﺟدول ا ي ﺷﺧص ﯾﺑدأ ﺑﺣرف اﻻﻟف ﻧﻛﺗب ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE FirstName LIKE ‘A%’

‫ﺳوف ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt

:‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬SELECT ‫اﻻن ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر ﻣن اﻟﺟدول ا ي ﺷﺧص ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف "د" ﻧﻛﺗب ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE FirstName LIKE ‘%D’

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

 :‫ اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬SELECT ‫اﻻن ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر ﻣن اﻟﺟدول ا ي ﺷﺧص ﻣن دوﻟﺔ ﺗﺣﺗو ي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣروف "ودا" ﻧﻛﺗب ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE FirstName LIKE ‘%uda%’

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

:‫اذا اردﻧﺎ ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر ا ي ﺷﺧص ﯾﺣﺗوي اﺳﻣﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ “ﺣﻣد” ﻧﻛﺗب اﻻﻣر اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE FirstName LIKE ‘_hmed’

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt

IN ‫ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل‬

WHERE ‫ﯾﺳﻣﺢ ﻟك ﺑﺎن ﺗﺣدد ﻗﯾم ﻣﺗﻌددة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷر ط‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ا ﻟﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,...)

:‫ ا ﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬Employee ‫ ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺟدول‬IN ‫ﻣﺛ ﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

:‫و ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗ ﺎر اﻻﺷﺧ ﺎص ا ﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻛون اﺳﻣ ﺎﺋﮭم اﻻﺧﯾرة ﻋﺑﺎس و ﻣﺣﻣد ﻧﻛﺗب اﻻﻣر ا ﻟﺗﺎ ﻟﻲ‬

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE LastName IN (‘Abbas’,’Mohamed’)

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

BETWEEN ‫ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل‬

‫ﯾﺧﺗﺎر ﻧطﺎق ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣوﺟودة ﺑﯾن ﻗﯾﻣﺗﯾن‬

BETWEEN ‫ ﻣﻊ ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل‬SELECT ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2

:‫ ا ﻟﺗﺎ ﻟﻲ‬Employee ‫ ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺟدول‬BETWEEN ‫ﻣﺛ ﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻟﻣﺷﻐل‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

‫و ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧﺧﺗﺎر اﻻﺷﺧﺎص اﻟذﯾن ﺗﻛون اﺳﻣﺎﺋﮭم اﻻﺧﯾرة ﺑﯾن اﻻﺳم اﻻﺧﯾر ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ و اﻻﺳم اﻻﺧﯾر ﻣﺣﻣد ﻧﻛﺗب اﻻﻣر اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

DROP TABLE ‫ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺣذف ﺟدول ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣل‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ا ﻟﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

DROP TABLE table_name

DROP DATABASE ‫ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺣذف ﻗﺎﻋدة ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣل‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ا ﻟﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

DROP DATABASE database_name

ALTER TABLE ‫ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻻ ﺿﺎﻓﺔ او ﺗﻌدﯾل او ﺣذف اﻋﻣدة ﻓﻲ ﺟدول ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﺎء ا ﻟﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype

:‫ ا ﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬Employee ‫ ﻟدﯾﻧ ﺎ ﺟدول‬ALTER TABLE ‫ﻣﺛﺎل ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺟﻣ ﻠﺔ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

:‫و ﻧرﯾد ان ﻧ ﺿﯾف ﻋﻣود اً ﺟدﯾد ﻓﻲ ھذ ا ا ﻟﺟدول ﺑﻌﻧو ان ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ا ﻟﻣﯾﻼد ﻧﻛﺗب اﻻﻣر ا ﻟﺗﺎ ﻟﻲ‬

ALTER TABLE Employee ADD Birthdate date

:‫ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛ ﺎﻻﺗﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality Birthdate

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

:‫اذا اردﻧﺎ ان ﻧﺣذف ھذا اﻟﻌﻣود اﻟﺟدﯾد ﻧﻛﺗب اﻻﻣر اﻟ ﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬

ALTER TABLE Employee DROP COLUMN Birthdate

:‫ﺗﻛون ا ﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻛ ﺎﻻﺗﻲ‬

E_ID FirstName LastName Address Nationality

1 Ahmed Mostafa Nasr City Egypt
2 Mohamed Abbas Altaief Sudan
3 Emad Mohamed Altaief Sudan

‫ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟزاﻛﻲ ﻋ ﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬