CE 315 HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD initiatives as tools to stimulate economic

ENGINEERING growth, reduce regional differences, and

garner public support.
Group 1
• Environmental Importance:
Topic: IMPORTANCE OF
Promoting sustainable transportation
TRANSPORTATION, DIFFERENT
solutions, such can help reduce
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION,
environmental degradation, improve air
CHARACTERISTICS OF ROAD
quality, and mitigate climate change.
TRANSPORT, SCOPE OF HIGHWAY
AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
Name of Reporters: MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
Antoinette C. Albacite
• Road Transportation refers to
Kenny C. Caballero
transportation on roadways using
Reinhart D. Castillo
vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, and
June Mark Anthony Gloria
motorcycles.
Clarissa P. Perez
• Rail Transportation involves the
movement of passengers and goods by
Chapter 1
train on railway tracks, including long-
IMPORTANCE OF distance trains, light rail systems, and
TRANSPORTATION, DIFFERENT subways.
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
• Air Transportation involves travel by
INTRODUCTION airplanes and helicopters through the air,
enabling long-distance and rapid
• Transportation plays a fundamental
transportation of passengers and cargo.
role in our modern society, serving as
the backbone of economic, social, and • Water Transportation refers to
cultural activities. transportation on water bodies using
ships, boats, ferries, or cruise ships,
• It encompasses the movement of
facilitating travel across seas, rivers, and
people, goods, and information from
lakes.
one place to another, connecting
individuals, communities, and nations.
Chapter 2
IMPORTANCE OF CHARACTERISTICS OF ROAD
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION
• Economic Importance: Road transport – is the most practical
Transportation facilitates the movement one, it is due to the reason that
of goods and services from production passengers and goods are first
centers to consumption areas, enabling conveyed through roads and highways
efficient supply chains and distribution before reaching the railway station, the
networks. port, or the airport.
• Social Importance: Transportation
connects people and communities,
HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING
enabling social interactions and cultural
TRANSPORTATION
exchange.
Humans are the main users of roads
• Political Importance: Governments
and highways. These road users can be
use transportation projects and
classified as passengers, drivers, therefore, the road engineer should be
pedestrians, etc. This element is said to able to know the characteristics of any
be the most complex factor since human vehicle and not just the uncertain ones.
emotions are unpredictable it varies
from person to person.
Listed below are the vehicle factors
that affect transportation.
The following are the human
Design Vehicles–The dimension of
factors that should be considered.
various vehicles that alters the road and
Variability– the most complex in traffic design are width, height, length,
dealing with human characteristics such rear overhang, and ground clearance.
as vision, hearing, and ability to react in
Turning Radius and Turning Path–
a situation. It also considers
this factor is entirely significant at an
psychological and physical.
intersection,roundabouts, terminals, and
Critical Characteristics–two main parking areas. The design and class of
types are quantifiable like reaction time the vehicles influence the minimum
and visual acuity and driving and the turning radius.
second one is less quantifiable like the
Visibility– Windscreen, wind screen
psychological factors, physical strength,
wipers, door pillars, etc. should be
fatigue, and dexterity. The quantifiable
ensuring clarity during bad weather, it
types are reaction time and visual acuity
should not cover pedestrians, and
and driving.
during intersection manoeuvres.
a)Reaction Time –it is subjected to a
Braking Performance– the main
series of stimuli. It involves a series of
characteristic of a traffic system is
stages like perception, intellection,
influenced by braking and deceleration
emotion, and volition.
performance such as: (a)Safe stopping
b)Visual Acuity and Driving –it sight distance, (b)Clearance and change
relates to the clearest vision of a driver. interval, and (c)Sign placement.
The driver’s vision affects transportation
in perceiving the object and traffic
control measures. ROADFACTORS
Walking– Pedestrian traffic includes Road plays an important role among the
footpaths, sidewalks, crosswalks, safety three elements. It is crucial because it
zones ,islands, and under passes are serves as the path way for trucks, cars,
part of it. Human accessibility to a and other known vehicles in
certain distance through walking with transporting goods and passengers. The
safety being considered should not be road can be either a dirt or gravel or
set aside. concrete road.

VEHICLE FACTORS There are six road factors that

affect transportation namely:
Vehicle characteristics should be learned
as it is crucially important in designing Road Surface–Road roughness, tire
the road. The ad should be able to wear, active resistance, noise, light
provide the needs of existing and reflection, electrostatic properties, etc.
expected vehicles. Vehicles vary in size are some of the aspects that affect the
and the space it takes. It is then, road surface.
Lighting–Road way lighting is that block the process. It gives
important and should be planned assistance such as in the following:
according to traffic information,
 Traffic calming
especially night vehicular accidents,
pedestrian volumes, and accident  Traffic signage and markings
experience.
 Traffic signals
Roughness–the design, construction,
 Roundabouts
and maintenance of a highway system
are the factors that an engineer should  Variable message signing
be given importance.
 Pedestrian facilities, management,
Pavementcolors–colored pavements an accommodations in construction
provide more visibility. areas
Night visibility–Night time visibility  Bus priority measures
must be improved. The amount of light
 Bicycle facilities
that is reflected by the road’s surface to
the driver’s eyes is an important factor.  Traffic signal design and
coordination
Geometric Aspects–Pavement slope,
gradient, right of way, etc. affect  Transportation and traffic
transportation in different ways. counts/surveys

SCOPE OF HIGHWAY
ENGINEERING
Highway engineering is the type of
engineering that is known as an
engineering discipline and deals with the
design, construction, and maintenance
of Highway Roads and Systems, urban
streets, and as well as parking facilities.
Overall planning of routes, financing,
environmental impact evaluation, and
value engineering are the principal
points of highway engineering.

SCOPE OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

Traffic Engineering is the field of
engineering in which it is centered on
determining traffic and travel. The study
of basic laws is correlated to traffic law
and generation application. It is the
branch of civil engineering that is
focused on enhancing traffic activity on
road net work sand terminals.

Traffic Engineering helps in providing

solutions to the issues and problems