>{ Set Score Department Past Papers Test Series Forum Prl

Question: 1 [!] Marks : +2.00 -0.00 2019

A solid sphere of radius 1 cm and initial temperature of 25 • C

is exposed to a gas stream at 10o·c. For the soli d sphere, the
density is 104 kg / m3 and the specific heat capacity is
500 J/ (kg K ). The density of the gas is 0.6 kg/ m3 and its
specific heat capacity is 103 J/ (kg K ). The solid sphere is
approximated as a lumped system (Biot number << 1) and
all specific heats are constant. If the heat transfer coefficient
between the solid and gas is 50 W / (m2 K), the t ime (in
seconds) needed for the sphere to reach 95 ·c is _ _
(rounded off to the nearest integer)

Enter Your Answer

1911
Hide Solution ) Discussion IJ]

Correct Answer: 900 to 905

AS given The solid sphere is approximated as a lumped
system (Blot number << 1)

For lumped Heat Analysis

In ( T - T N ) __ hAt
To - T°" - pVCr

Ln (95 - 100) _ _ 50t

25 - 100 - lQ I X :i¼oo X 500
- 2.708 = - 3 X 10- 3 t

= t = 902.68 sec

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Question: 2 [!} Marks : +2.00 -0.00 2018

An insulated storage tank contains 1000 kg liquid of specific

heat 10 kJkg- 1IC 1
• The liquid is heated by saturated steam,
condensing in a helical coil at a temperature of 180 • C. The
heat transfer area of the coil is 0.1 m 2 • If the overall heat
transfer coefficient is constant at 1000 wm- 2K - 1 , then the
time (in hours) required to raise the temperature of the liquid
in the tank from 20 • C to 80 • C is _ _ (rounded off to
second decimal place).

Enter Your Answer

Mill
Hide Solution ] F+HMH:f
Correct Answer: 12.75 to 13.25
Data Given :
m
kJ
= 1000kg, Cp = 10 kgK

A = 0.lm2 , U = 1000 ' VK

m2

T1 = 20 C, T 2 = 80 C, T s1eam = 180 C

Energy Balance :

mC dT = UA(T - T)
P dt •

T, -dT
- - -UA
- / ' dt
/ T, (T, - T) - mCp 0

1n(T, - T1) = U.-\t

T. - T r mCp

t = mCp 1u(T• - T;)

UA T , - Tr

t = 1000 X 10000 In ( 180 - 20)

1000 X 0.1 180 - 80

t = 47000 sec => 13.05 hr.

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Question: 3 [!] Marks : +2.00 -0 .00 2018

The wall of a pipe of radius 1 m ls at a uniform temperature

of 200 · c, and ls covered by Insulation of thickness 0.1 m .
The ambient air outside the Insulated pipe is at 20 • c and
2
has heat transfer coefficient of 10 W m K - 1• The thermal
conductivity of the insulation material is 0.05 W m - 21c 1
• If
the heat transfer occurs at steady state, the temperature (In
· c) of t he outer surface of insulation is _ _ (rounded off
to second decimal place).

Enter Your Answer

1311
Hide Solutlon ] •+HMH:- OJ

Correct Answer: 27.8 to 28.6

Data Given:
r, = 1 111 1 & r 0 = 1.1 m
w w
h = 10 - -
K , & k = 0.05 --.------K
UI - m• -

At steady State:
_ T, - T,
q - R, + R.
Ri = resistance due to insulation
R, = resistance due to Ambient air

Taking basis of 1 m length of pipe,

R, = rn - r1
kAhu

_ 2nL (ro - ri) _ 2n (l )( l.1 - l )

A Jm - -
lu(ro/ ri) In( .If)
= 2n(1.0493)2
._ (1.1 - 1) _ .l. K
R, - 0.05 x 2n (l.0493) - 2n (1.906) w
1 1 1
R, = h.,A0 = 10 x 2n (l.l)(l ) = 2n (0.09)

(( = .l. (200 - 20) = ...!filL X 2Tl • .. (i)

211
(1.906 + 0.09) 1.996

q = h A (T , -
0 T .,,,) ···(ii)

From Equation (i) & (ii)

180
_ x 2n = hA0 (T, - T 00 )
1 996
= (10)(2,r x 1.1 x l )(T. - 20)

(T. - 20) = 8.198

:.'f ,= 28.198 C

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Question: 4 E) Marks t2.00 ·O67 2016

A Jacketed stirred tank with a provi sion for heat removal Is

used to mix sulphuric acid and water in a steady state flow
process. R2 SO 1 (l) enters at a rate of 4 kg/h at 25 C and
Fl 2O (/) enters at a rate of 6 kg/ hat 10 C. The following data
are available:

Specific heat capacity of water = 4. 2kJkg· 11c 1

Specific heat capacity of aqueous solution of 40 mass%
H2S0 4=2.8 kJ (kg solution \ mright)- 1 K- 1 •

Assume the specif ic heat capacities to be independent of

temperature.

Based on reference states of H2SO1 (/) and H2O (/) at 25 C,

the heat of mixing for aqueous solution of 40 mass%
H250 1 = - 650kJ (kgH2SO1 ) 1.

If the mixed stream leaves at .to • c, what is the rate of heat

removal (in kJ/ h)?

0 1802

0 2.S58

5702

0 6458

Hide Solution ]
l ·l~H'~fll CJ

Correct Answer: A
Applying steady state energy balance
Heat rate in ( kJ/ hr) - Heat rate out (kJ/ hr) + Heat for mixing
of solution (kJ/ br} - Heat removed (kJ/ hr) =o • • • (t)

Heat rate in
1
= ,1(Cr) 11, 50,(2& - 26) + o(u)(10 )(10 - 2&)
= 378 kJ/ br

Heat rate out

JO x 2.8(40 - 25) = 420 kJ /br

Heat for mixing

650 x 4 = 2600 kJ / br

Put all values in energy balance equation ( t)

- -378 - 420 + 2600 = Heat removed
Heat removed = 1802 kJ / hr

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Question: 5 [!] Marks : +2.00 -0.67 2015

A heated solid copper sphere (of surface area A and volume

V) is immersed in a large body of cold fluid. Assume the
resistance to heat transfer inside the sphere to be negligible
and heat transfer coefficient (b), density (P), heat capacity
(C), and thermal conductivity (k) to be constant. Then, at
t ime t , the t emperature difference between t he sphere and
the fluid is proportional to:

0 exp[- _Mc_
pvc t]

0 e-~ [- ei:c t]

0 exp[- 4nk t]
pCA

0 exp[-p;~ t]
Hi de Solutjon } F•Mi++H:- Co

Correct Answer: A
T = fn(time), Let apply first law of thermodynamics. If at any
insta nt of time t. if Tis body temperature then.

dT
hA(T00 - T) = pCp V dt

Where Cr = heat capacity of the body

IT bA d t -
T, pVC -
IT dT
To T <>e - T

I T
Ta
- hA dt - -
pVC -
IT T•
dT
T - T ,x:

« < Prev O 2 3 4 5 Next >»

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Question: 6 ~ Marks : +1 .00 -0.33 2012

A solid sphere with an initia l temperature T i is Immersed In a

large thermal reservoir of temperature T 0 • The sphere
reaches a steady temperature after a certain time t1. If the
radius of the sphere is doubled, the time required to reach
steady state will be
0 !:.!.
4

0 !.!.
2

0 4t1

[ Hide Solution ] Discussion IJ]

Correct Answer: C
We know,
T - T u - exp ( - -hA
T, - T ,. - lllCp
t) ... (i)

Here,
4 3
A = 4nr2 m = pv = p -nr
3

If radius is r then,
T - T0
T oo - T o
_ exp(- hA1
m 1cp
t) ... (ii)

if radius is 2r then,
T - T 0 =exp ( - -
T 00 - T0
hA?
-
ID2Cp
t) ... (iii)

From equation (ii) & (iii), in both cases temperature is at

steady-state
.,"-v(-Mili) = tL"-JJ(- ~)
ID1 Cp ID2Cp
Question: 7 [!] Marks : +2.00 -0.67 2012

Heat generated at a steady rate of 100 W due to resistance

heating in a long wire (length = 5 m, diameter = 2 mm). This
wire is wrapped with an insulation of thickness 1 mm that
has a thermal conductivity of 0.1 W / mK . The insulated wire
is exposed to air at 30 • C. The convective heat transfer
between the wire and surrounding air is characterized by a
heat transfer coefficient of 10 W / m2 .K . The temperature in
· cat the interface between the wire and the insulation is
0 211.2

0 242.1

0 311.2

0 484.2

Hide Solution Discussion IJJ

Correct Answer: A
Given :
Q = lO0W
L = 5m
d; = 0.002m, ===}ri= 0.00l m
do = 0.002 + 0.002 = 0.004m ===} r 0 = 0.002m
w
k = 0.1 ml(
T air = 30°C
h = 10 .JY...
m 2K

Q = ~T(2TIL)
taf!Z.' ]
::i!1.L .L l
[ k1 boro

100
= (T1- 30) (2n x 5)
Lu { !!!!?.n ]
~
[ 0. 1 + { I0~ 0.00'2)

T1 = 211.2 °C

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Question: 8 (!] Mwb . ~2.00 -0 67 2007

Water enters a thin walled tube (L = lm,D = 3 llllll) at an

inlet temperature of ore and mass flow rate o.015kg / s. The
tube wall is maintained at a constant temperature of 27"C.
Given the following data for water

Deusity, p = !OO0kg / m'

Vilicosity, µ = 489 x 10.-.Ns/ m 2
Specific beat. Cp = 4184J kg k

Inside heat transfer coefficient b = 120,sw t (m' K), the outlet

temperature of water in c is.
0 28

0 37

0 62

0 96

HldoSolvuo., 1 i❖Jjl@§

Correct Answer: B
Given,
L = lw
D = 3 uun = 3 x 10 :, m
m = 0.015kg '•
p = 1000 kg/1n',
µ =,1so • 10 'N 11 m2
C. = 1184J/(kg K)
b = 12078 W/(m' K)

Let T be lhe ou1lei temperature of water. Applying the

energy balance,

mc,a T = hA(a T)LM11)

mC,,.::.T = hnDL(.::. T)um,

Putting values.
Aren = nOL = 3 l •I , 3 • 10 '= O.OO!J42 m'
=[(97 - 27)&.-27)]
..'.I TLMTll I
n ( ,- '")
:11

~Tu.rm= 97 - I
1-(~ )
0.0lo • 418.l x (07 - T) = 12978 x 0.00!)42 • O(?~ )
In , ,,

_ {97 - T)
{97 - T) - 1.0480 x In(~)

b, ( T ~027) = 1.948
i O -- 7.07
r::T7
T ss al"C

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Question: 9 IT) Marks : +2.00 -0.67 2007

Consider a liquid stored in a container exposed to its

saturated vapor at constant temperature T,.,, . The bottom
surface of the container is maintained at a constant
temperature T . < Tsai while its side walls are insulated. The
thermal conductivity k1 of the liquid, Its latent heat of
vaporisation 1'. and density P• are known.
Assuming a linear temperature distribution In the liquid, the
expression for the growth of the liquid layer 6 as a function
of time t is given by

\ 'ai- r

~=--~~-;
·------·
.-.::iT T~ }
10 0 0
? 0 0 0
I
I
Cooling ",urr Ml<'

Q 6 (t) = [4.kt(T.,., -
p,>.
T ,) i] I'

Q 6(t) = [2k1(Tu1 - T,)

p,>.
t] 1
'

Q 6 (t) = [k1(T;: ),.- T,) tr '

Hide Solution ] i•MHMH:f CD

Correct Answer: C
Applying the energy balance,
Heat transferred through conduction in time dt = Heat
transferred to condense liquid in time dt

k1~~ T dt =tit >.

Herc, ti:i = Ad6p,

I / 6(1)
k 1A(T,., - T,) ell = A 6.d6 P1A
/ 0 II

62]6(t)
k,A{T .., - T ,)t = A [2 P11'
0

6(t) =[ k,(T,;,, - T.)

p,>..
t] I '
Question: 10 ~ Marks : +2.00 -0.67 2007

A hot fl uid entering a well-stirred vessel is cooled by feeding

cold water through a jacket around the vessel. Assume the
jacket Is well-mixed. For the following

Data:
mass fl owrates of the hot flu id = 0.25 kg /s.
mass flow rate of cold water = 0.4 kg /s.
specific heats of oil = 6000 J / kg - K
specific heat of cold water = 4184 J / kg - K
The inlet and exit temperature of the hot flu id is 150· c and
100 • c respect ively.
inlet temperature of cold water 2o·c
The overall heat transfer coefficient Is 500 W / ni2K.
The heat transfer area in m2• Is
0 1.82

0 2.1

0 3

0 4.26

Hide Solution ] •+HMH:- CD

Correct Answer: A
Applying the energy balance,

Q wa1..- = Q hot Ould

m._.Cp,-(T - 20) = mFCpF( l 50 - 100)

Here, m.,= 0.4kg/ s. IDF = 0.25kg/ s

CP., = 418.JJ / (kg - K)

Cp = GO00J / (kg - K)

0.4 >< 4184 x (T - 20) = 0.25 " 6000 x 50

T = 6-1.8 C

NOW, ( u"T) urro = (150 - 6-1.8) - (100 - 20)

In(~)
UJ0- 2!1
= 82.57"C
Now, Q = hA(6.T)LMTO

m,.Cpw(T - 20) = hA(6.T)LMTD

Putting values,
0.4 x 41 84 x (64.8 - 20) = 500 x A ><82.57
A = 1.82m'

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Question: 11 (II Marks : +2.00 -0.50 2004

A metal ball of radius 0.1 mat a uniform temperature of go·c

is left in air at 30°0 . The density and the specific heat of the
metal are 3000 kg/ m 3 and 0.4 kJ/ kg - K, respectively. The
heat t ransfer coefficient is 50 W / m 2 - K. Neglecting the
temperature gradient inside the ball, The time taken (in hour)
for the ball to cool to 60 • C is

0 555

0 55.5

0 0.55

0 0.15

Hide Solutlon
E·MHMH:9 CD

Correct Answer: D
T = 60"0 T 1 = 90 C
T 00 = 30 °C h = 5 02~
m K
Cr = 400 (-J-)
kgK

T - T.,,,
T 1 - T"" -
-exp[- pVCp
hAt]

60 - 30] [ 50(3)t ]
[ 90 - 30 = exp - 3000(0.1)400

In (0.5) = - (30~~~:oo)

~<o_.6_9~3)~(1_2_0 0_0~0 ) =t
150

t = 554.5 1 sec
t = 0.154 hour

Question: 12 ~ Marks : +2.00 -0.50 2003

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c.iuest1on: 1 'l. l:!J Marks . +2.00 -0.50 2003

Water is enterinag a storage tank at a temperature T o and

flow rate Qo and leaving at a flow rate Q and temperature T.
There are negligible heat losses In the tank. L The area of
cross section of the tank is Ac, The model that describes t he
dynamic variation of water temperature in the tank with time
is given as

1 T

dT
0 Qo(To - T ) = A, b dt

dT
0 QoTo - QT = A, b dt

dT
0 Q(T 0 - T ) = A, h dl

0 Qn(To - T ) = A, h ~
dt

Hide Solution e+++a OJ

Correct Answer: A
Applying mass bnlnr1ce

Input · Output = Accumulation

dV
pQo - PQ = p -
dt

Qu - Q = A, db
dl · · · (i)

Applying the energy balnncc,

Input· Output = Accumulation

d(VCpT )
pCpQoTo - pCpQT = p dt

,1 / 'T'l,'
QoTo- QT = A . =
dt

= A.ch dT + A, T db
dt dt

Replace w ith eqn (i)

dT + T (Qo - Q)
Q0T o - QT = A,h dt

Qo(T o - T ) = A.h dT
dt

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Question: 13 (I] Marks : +1 .00 -0.25 2003

Three solid objects of the same material and of equal

masses a sphere, a cylinder (length = diameter ) and a cube
are at soo·c Initially. These are dropped in a quenching bath
containing a large volume of cooling oi l each attaining t he
bath temperature eventually. The t ime required for 90%
change of temperature is smallest for
0 Cube

0 Cylinder

0 Sphere

O Equal f or all the three

Hide Solution Discussion CD

Correct Answer: A
2
A..i,bere = nD
2
A cylinder = nD
?
A.cube = 6D·

The t ime required for change of temperature is smallest for

largest surface Area.

Here, Area of cube Is maximum So, time required minimum

is for Cube.
Question: 14 [!] Marks : +2.00 -0.00 2002

1000 kg of liquid at 30°C in a well sti rred vessel has to be

heated to 120°c using immersed coi ls carrying con densing
steam at 150 °C. The area of the steam coils is 1.2 m 2 and
overall heat transfer coefficient to the liquid is 1500W /m2 c.
0

Assuming negligible heat loss to surrounding and specific

0

heat capacity of the liquid to be 4 kJ / kg c , the time taken for

the liquid to reach desired temperature will be

0 15 min

0 22 min

0 44min

0 51 min

[ Hide Solution } Discussion (D

Correct Answer: D
Given:

m = 1000, kg T 1 = 30
T 2 = 120, T. = 150
A= l.2ni2, U = 1500 ~C
J m
Cp = 4000 --;-C
kg

1n[T• -T2] __ pVCp

T. - T i
hAt
ln [ 150 - 120] =_ 1500 X 1.2 x t
150 - 30 1000 X 4000

t = 3080.11sec

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 X Set Score Department Past Papers Test Series Forum Pricing

Question: 15 l:J Madts : +5.00 ·l>-00 2001

A 1 - 2 shell and tube heat exchanger has liquid (specific

heat c. flowing at a mass flow rate min the tubes and
saturated steam ( temperature T , ) condensing on the shell
side.

(a) Carry out a differential energy balance on a single tube t o

show that

m Cp dT
K dz = nDU(T , - T)

where T is the temperature of the liquid N is the number of

tube In a pass, z Is the d istance along the tube, D Is the inner
diameter of the tubes and U is the overall heat uansfer
coefficient based on the inside surface area.

(b ) Obt ain an expression for the temperature of the liquid at

!he exit of the heat exchanger, T 1 . The length of the tubes is
Land liquid enters the heat exchanger at temperature T 0 •

Hide Solubon I F+·+-:- CD

m= Total mass Flow Rate

:. = Number of Tubes
v = overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

(a) Applying Energy balance.

In - OUt -r Gen - Cons... = Accumulation

At Steady state Accumulation = O

-N":c.TI'-=" _ !!!Nc.,r lr-- .l.J: -

i
t:A(T T J=D

m
N C, [ T l,- T , __,, • - U(nD ~ )(Ts- T )= O

dz
. C, ( - dT) = -GnD(Ts - T)
~

(b) lmegrating the above Eqn For Temp T1 to T , and Tube

Length L.

dT = nDU (Ts- T)
dz me.
Tt l

! _!IT_ = [ :'<nDt:]
Ta- T mCp
/dz
T, I

[- ln(Ts - TJ)i' = k ,4

Let NnDU = k
me,

ln(Ts - T,J - ln(Ts - To)= - kL

1n(T;Ts--T,) = -ll
To

T5 - T., =f'!-u
Ts- To
T s- T , =(Ts - To)•-t1.

111 0
Question: 16 l.!J Marks +5.00 -0 00 o?J9

Obtain expressions for steady-state temperature profile and

heat transfer rate for a hollow spherical container. The inner
surface (n, r = r;) is maintained at T = T;, and the outer
surface (nl r = r,, is maintained at T = T 0 •

~S•M~ i·H.!fiii CJ

At steady State, the amount of Heat entering at radius r and

leaving from (r + dr) will be same

q, = Heat Flux

- Area Heat Flux - canst

1nr2 •~

.!l. (rqr) = O.. (1)

1
<r

q, = ktlT
dr

Eqn ( 1) will be reduced to.

- kr d'T
dr'
=O (Taking lntegraQ

r3 dT =C
dr

dT
d,
=.!.
r' Taking Integral.

Apply BC
r =r. T=Ti

r=rct T = Tu

T, = - ~ + D , •• (3)
n

Evaluating (3) and (4)

T, Tn = -c(lr1 1.)
to

Evaluating (2) and (4)

{T To) c(1 ;,)

Now Equate the C values from both the subtraction

(Steady - State Tamp. Profile)

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Question: 17 [!) Marks +5.00 -0.00 1999

150 kg of water is to be heated in a steam-jacketed vessel

from 25 • c to so· c. Steam is condensing at 120 c. and the
heat transfer area is 0.25 m2 • The heat transfer coefficients
for condensation of steam and heating of water by
convection are 1000 w /m2 C and 500 w / m2 c respectively.
Write appropriate unsteady balance equations and find the
time required for heating the water. Assume that the specific
heat of water in the temperature range of interest is
4.18 x 103 J / kg "C.

Hide Solution H+HfH•I co

Heat Transfer Area 0.25 m2

tl-0 = 1000 w/ m2 C

h1 = 500 w/ m2 C

u = overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Heat Lost 1 gained by Water = Heat transfer from stem.

Let T be temp of water at Any time t

UA(Ts - T) = tu w
C" clT
p cit

/
l

0
-UA
-cit =
moC;
/T'Tt
-clT
-
Ts - T

Now

1 1 1 1 1
- = - + - = - + -
11 h, ho 1000 500

11 = 1000 w/ m2 C
3

[ !' [ It ( )130
31000 X 150 X
0.25
4.18 X 103 t O = - l T ;; - T 23

t = In ( 120 - 25) X }
120 - 80 1.33 X lQ-1

t = 6503.7 sec

= 1.806 hrs.

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Question: 18 E] Marks : +5.00 -0.00 1998

In the lower port ion of a spray tower, urea pellets (diameter

D = 2 mm) are cooled by air at a temperature T a = 20 °C. The
pellets are falling at their terminal velocity U t = 6.9 m/ s. The
temperature within the pellets is uniform at all times, and the
initial temperature of the pellets is 80°C. The heat transfer
coefficient for a pellet falling in air is h = 208 w /m2 K.

(a) Obtain an express ion for the change of temperature of a

pellet with time [T (t)]

(b) Calculate the height of the tower for a pellet to cool to

60 °C.

Hide Solution ] Discussion CD

Air, T.

Urea
Pellet

Assume Bi « 1
Conductive heat transfer within pellet is very sma ll
compared to surface heat transfer resistance.
=> Temp. inside the ball is uniform

Ener gy Balance on a single urea pellet

Rate of ) A'o- -
= !,JlPUt - __.......--o
( A ccumu1a t 1.0n Output + ~ t1on ·
T

dT
=> pVCp dt = - hA (T - T x,)

dT = - ___M__ dt
(T - T oo) pVCp

R onnda rv r.onditio n :

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Boundary condition :
at t = 0 T = To
at t =t T = T

===;>
T-T00 )
ln ( ---=- = - -hA- t
T o - T oc pCpV

F or Sphere
A = 4T1r 2
V = inra
3

A 4T1r 2 3 6
===> -; = ½nr3 = -;: = DP

G iven:
T o = 80 " C
T = eo·c
T 00 = 20" C
h = 208 ..JY._
m2 k
p = 1000 kg/ m 3
kJ J
Cp = 4.18 kg.k = 4.18 x 1000 kg . k
Dp =2 mm =2x 10- 3 m

Replace the given value in (i)

h (A) 208 6
pCp V = 1000 >< 4.18 x 103 x 2 x 10 3

= 208 X 6 = 0.149 S - 1 . .. (ii)

4180

T - T'"9 ) _ (273 + 60) - (273 + 20) _ 40 _ ~

( T o - T,..,, - (273 + 80) - (273 -'- 20) - 60 - 3

Replace the value in eqn (i) . we get

1nG) = - 0.149 x t
===> t = 2. 70 sec.

Given : terminal velocity (Ut) = 6.9 .B!.

sec

===> H eight of tower = Ut xt

= 6.9 X 2.7
= 18.63 m

Question: 19 m Marks : +5.00 -0.00 1998

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 ,__
X Setl Score Department Past Papers Test Series Forum Pricing .., Kavl

Question: 19 El - .soo -o.oo ms

1000 kg h of a therrnlc fluid, to be us,ed as a heat lransfer
medium, Is being indirectly heated In a heater, from 380 K to
r.50 K .

Calculate the heat load on the heater In kW, Also estlrnate

the mean heat copooI1y o f the thermlc fluid over the
temperature range of Interest

The heat capacity equation for the thermlc fluid Is ·

C,. = IA36 - 0.0021S T ,
Where Cp Is In k.l / kg K , and T Is In K.

--· I E-MMH:I IJ]

cn•cm:
m= lllOO kg1h
Cp = U36 + 0.00218 T ,

T.,.sJIO K
'~'°"

Q ..-m / ,..
SM! CrrlT

m 1:( l .430 + 0.002 I8 T )dT

=m[u=[ +o.o~2l8T"l:J

= u100 [2.i<L12 + 112,33]

11&.lG0 !:!
L

11 6-IG0 _k_.l_
3600..,.,

Q 116 6<, kW

P nrt B :
Mean Heat Capacity of Thermlc fluid

J;'(J.436 - 0.002lST)dT
t.T

l .43b'T + ll.ii!jW T 1 C'

T2 - T1

l.430 (T, Tl) ➔ 0.00218 (Tl TP

1'2 T,

,.
l , ·13,, 1--
U.0028 (T,
2
a T 1)

k.l
2 15 k" .I(

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Question: 20 a Marks : +5.00 -0.00 1997

A steel ball of 50 mm diameter is cooled by exposing it to an

air stream at 320 K. Under these conditions the connective
heat transfer coefficient is 100 w/m2 .K. Estimate the time
needed to cool the steel ball from 1120 to 520 K.
Properties of steel : Density = 8000kg / m3 and heat capacity
= 450 J / kg.K.
Due to the high thermal conductivity of steel, there are no
temperature gradients within the ball.

Hide Solution ] -+HMM CQ

Air
T=320 K

50mm

Given:
T1 = 1120 k
Tr = 520 k
11 = 100 ~ k
m · ' ·1c
P,,••1 = 8000 ~
tu J
Cr,.;.,.1 = 450 kg ,k

For sphere:
A 6
-; = Dp

= ....l!....
Cp p
X (fl) - 100 X _L
v - 8000 x 450 £

= bA
CVp = 300
1
sec
1

Replace above value in the formula

520 - 320 [ l ]
=;, 1120 - 320 = exp - 300 l

Take Ln both side

=;, t = - 300 X ( -1.3863)

= 415.89 sec

= 6.932 min

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Question: 21 m Marks · -t6 00 -0.00 1992 Equation o

A nickel steel rod 8 cm OD originally at temperature of 3oo·c

1 2
Is suddenly Immersed In a liquid at 100· c for which the
convective heat transfer coefficient is 100 w / m2 .IC 4 5
Determine the time required for the rod to reach a
temperature of 1so·c. (Hint: calculate Blot number and make 7 8
the necessary assumption).
Properties of nickel steel: K = sow / m.I<, p = 8000 k g/ m 3 70 1

Cp = 0.5 J / kg.K
13 1

Hide Solution J -++++- IJJ 16

19
No Answer Available
22 23

Question: 22 m Mark$ +6 00 ·0 00 1991 Steady and

Heat Condi
An aqueous solution (density = 1000 k g/ m 3 • specific
heat = 4 kJ / kg · C at 300 K is continuously fed at a flow rate
Convection
of 1 m3 / min to continuous flow stirred tank of volume lm3 Radiation
containing a heater having a heating capacity of 1000 kW. If
the liquid In the tank Is also at 300 K to start with, find the Thermal Be
equation, which predicts the exit temperature of the solution and Heat Ti
as a function of time after the heater Is switched on. Coefficient,

Hide Solution F+HM+- CD

Boiling, Cor
Evaporatlor

Given: Types o f H,
p = 1000 kg/ m (water)
3 Exchanger!
Evaporator,
c;, = 4 kg
...kL
C Process Ca
L =0, T = 300K
Design of C
Q= 1000 kW STHE & Eve
V = I m3
I;;] Calcu lator
Energy Balance :
Rate of )
., h" = Input - . ~ __.,....--o
Out put + Generation - ~ p t ion
( Accmmua on

Assume Reference temp =0 K

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~o set2score.com/p (I)

Question: 22 [!:] Marks : +6.00 -0.00 1991

An aqueous solution (density= 1000 kg/ m3 , specific

heat = 4 kJ / kg· C at 300 I< is continuously fed at a flow rate
of 1 m3 / min to continuous flow stirred tank of volume lm 3
containing a heater having a heating capacity of 1000 kW. If
the liquid in the tank is also at 300 I< to start with, find the
equation, which predicts the exit t emperature of the solution
as a function of time after the heater is switched on.

Hide Solution H+HHH:i CD

G iven:
p = 1000 kg/ rn 3 (water)
kJ
Cp =4 kg C
t = 0, T = 300K

Q= lO00kW
V = 1 w3

Energy Ba lance :
Rate or . )
( Accurnul a t 10n = 1nput - O utput + Generah.on - c~~pt1on
_ _ -o

Assume Reference temp =0K

cl ( V pCpT )
cit = FpCpT1- F pCpT -,-Q.

clT
VpCp - = FpCp{T1- T )-Q·
cit

V dT
cit
= F{T · - T )+
I
(_g__)
pCp

V dT = cit ... (i)

[F (T , - T )- (iZ)]

Letz= F(T,-T)-(pi)
= dz= (-F )clT = dT =(-½ )c1z ···(2)

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From eqn (i) & (ii)

=> V ( - t) ~ = dt

On Integrating
V
- - In z = t , IC ··•(iii)
F

Initial Condition :
at t = 0, [t = T i = 300K l

=:- at t = O, z = (P§P) ··•(iv)

From eqn (ii) & (iv)

=:- - y_F ln (iL)

pCp
= t + IC

=:- IC = - .Y.
F
In (iL)
pCp
... (v)

From eqn (iii) & (v)

= - .Y.F ln z = t - .Y.
F
tn(iL)
pCp

-V In z = - t
F
Q)
+ -FV In ( -pC.,

i In [ ( Q/ ;Cp) l =- t

= 1n[F (T1- ~) + (Q/ pCp)l =-CF)

(Q/ pCp) V

=:- F(T1 - T)+ (..sL) = (..sL) exp[- tF ]

pCp pCp V

=> F(T; - T} = _g__

pCp
[e-l<F \') - 1)

= T; - T = _g_
FpCp
(e-l•F VJ - 1)

= T= T- - _g_
F Cp I
[e-<•F vi - 1]
•••(vi)

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"I

A hot fluid flows through a well-mixed stirred tank which is

provided with a cool ing jacket. The fluid in the cooling jacket
can also be assumed to be well mixed. Calculate the heat
transfer area of the jacket required given the following data,
Hot fluid
Flow r a t e ,
W h = 50 kg/ s;
T in= 205 °C;
Cph = 2 kJ/ kg °C;

Cold fluid
Flow r a t e ,
We= 100 kg/ s;
T in = 25 • c, ; t onl = 45• c
Cpc= 4 kJ / kg • c;
U = 2.5 kW / m 2 "C;

Hide Solution H•Mhi+•- CD

Apply Heat Energy balance,

50 X 2 X 103 (205 - Tout) = 100 X 4 X 103 (45 - 25)

205 - Tl; = 20 X 4

T b, OU1 = 20s - so = 125 •c

Since, Well Mixed Fluid on both sides.

Outlet Temp. wire be same as the fluid temp. throughout.

Q = UA(AT)out = W1,Cp1,(T ;n - TOU1 ) ) mright

==;, 2.5 X 103 XA (125 - 45) = 50 X 2 X 103 (205 - 125)

A = 100 X 80 X103
2500 X 80

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