q2020 Water English

UNSD
United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and United Nations Environment Programme
QUESTIONNAIRE 2020 ON ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS
Section: WATER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Guidance Introduction, Steps to Follow, Description of Tables and Conversion Table
Definitions List of Definitions
Table W1 Renewable Freshwater Resources W1
Table W2 Freshwater Abstraction and Use W3
Table W3 Water Supply Industry (ISIC 36) W2
Table W4 Wastewater Generation and Treatment W5
Table W5 Population Connected to Wastewater Treatment W4
Table W6 Supplementary Information Sheet

Section: WATER
GUIDANCE
INTRODUCTION
The biennial data collection which is a joint activity of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and the United Nations Environment Programme contributes to the
development of the UNSD International Environment Statistics Database. The data will be analyzed and consolidated by UNSD for use in international work and will be made
available to users at UNSD's website.
The data requested in this questionnaire may be initially collected or compiled by different institutions in a country. The national statistical offices or ministries of environment are
asked to bring together the data from these different sources.
Where a country has provided data to previous UNSD/United Nations Environment Programme Questionnaires on Environment Statistics, the 2020 Questionnaire has been pre-
filled with these data. Countries are requested to add data for later years and to check the time series for consistency.
The definitions are listed in order of appearance of the variables. Where variables are repeated, the definition can be found where the variable first appeared.
Copies of the questionnaire are available online at https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envstats/questionnaire. Data from previous data collections are available at
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envstats/qindicators.cshtml.
The water questionnaire asks for key information concerning water resources management in a country. The tables cover renewable freshwater resources, freshwater abstraction
and use, the water supply industry (ISIC 36), wastewater generation and treatment, and population connected to wastewater treatment.
Because of the complex nature of water-related environmental issues, countries are asked to provide additional information that assists the analysis and interpretation of the data
in the Supplementary Information Sheet (W6).
A useful reference against which water resources data can be compared is the FAO Aquastat database: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en.
A data validation section is added next to each table. It includes two validation table types: time series validation and coherence validation. It will help both the country and UNSD
to validate the data provided.
Diagrams have been developed by UNSD to demonstrate the relationships between variables in Tables W1, W2, W3 and W4. Respondents are encouraged to use the diagrams
for clarifications on the concepts underlying the data requested in this questionnaire.
Changes from the UNSD/UNEP Questionnaire 2018 on Environment Statistics

Following dialogue with key international stakeholders and countries, "Water returned without use" and "Net freshwater abstracted" reappear in Table W2 in the 2020
Questionnaire for the first time since the 2010 version. The variable "Freshwater abstracted" in Table W2 has been renamed "Gross freshwater abstracted", however, the two
variables are conceptually identical.
UNSD/United Nations Environment Programme Questionnaire 2020 on Environment Statistics - Water Section - p.2
Section: WATER
GUIDANCE
STEPS TO FOLLOW
 Fill in the contact institution information at the top of each table.

 Tables are pre-filled with data received from previous UNSD/United Nations Environment Programme Questionnaires. Check the pre-filled data and, if possible,
kindly update in the table. Check the pre-filled footnotes and correct them if necessary.
 If necessary, include footnotes to give additional information on data. Assign codes in alphabetical order (e.g., A, B, C...) in the first column to the right of the data
and in the 'Footnotes' section below each table. Write your explanatory text in the footnote text column next to the associated code. If there are big data fluctuations
in the time series, add footnotes to explain the large changes. Provide as much information as possible in the footnotes on the source and data collection method
for each value.
 Based on the definitions provided, fill in the tables as much as possible (see the Definitions Sheet). If a different definition or methodology has been used, explain
the differences in a footnote or provide the definition and/or methodology applied in the Supplementary Information Sheet (W6).
 If the requested data are not available, leave the cell blank. If the requested variable is not applicable (the phenomenon is not relevant) to the country,
or the value is less than half the unit of measurement, the cell should be filled with "0".
 Report data in the requested unit. A conversion matrix is provided below the description of tables.
 Attach any documents or reference which could help UNSD to understand your data.
 After you have filled in the data for each table, check the flagged cases (in red) for data coherence in the data validation section next to each table.
Contact us: If you have any questions, contact the United Nations Statistics Division
– by mail: UN Statistics Division, Environment Statistics Section, DC2-1516, 2 United Nations Plaza, New York, New York, 10017, USA
– by e-mail: [email protected]
– by fax: +1 (212) 963-0623
– by phone: Reena Shah at +1 (212) 963-4586, or Marcus Newbury +1 (212) 963-0092, or Xuan Che at +1 (917) 367-9065, or Robin Carrington at +1 (212) 963-
6234.
Section: WATER
GUIDANCE
DESCRIPTION OF TABLES
Table W1: Renewable Freshwater Resources

Table W1 covers the main components to assess the renewable freshwater resources and their availability in a country. Renewable freshwater (surface and groundwater)
resources are replenished by precipitation (less evapotranspiration) falling over the territory of the country that ends up as runoff to rivers and recharge to aquifers (internal flow),
and by surface waters and groundwater flowing in from neighbouring countries (inflow). The table also includes the outflow of surface and groundwaters to neighbouring countries
and to the sea (which is not included in the equation to determine the amount of renewable freshwater resources). The outflow to neighbouring countries is divided into that which
is secured by treaties and that which is not secured by treaties. The data requested in the table are usually based on hydrological/meteorological monitoring and modelling.
Table W2: Freshwater Abstraction and Use

Freshwater can be abstracted from surface waters (rivers, lakes etc.) and from groundwaters (through wells or springs). Water is abstracted by the public or private bodies whose
main function is to provide water to the general public (the water supply industry). It can also be directly abstracted by industries, farmers, households and others. The table asks
for data on abstraction of freshwater, broken down according to the main activity of the water abstractor, as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All
Economic Activities (ISIC Rev. 4). The table covers the amount of water made available for use by abstraction, desalination, reuse and net imports. Total freshwater use equals
total water available for use minus losses during transport. The table also covers the overall amount of water used by the main ISIC groupings.
Table W3: Water Supply Industry (ISIC 36)

Table W3 focuses on the water supply industry, i.e., the public or private bodies whose main function is to provide water to the general public. It asks for the quantities of water
supplied by the water supply industry to its customers (water users), broken down by the main ISIC groupings. It also asks for water losses and for the population served by the
water supply industry. The term water supply industry is identical to 'public water supply' and it refers to economic units belonging to ISIC 36 (water collection, treatment and
supply).
Table W4: Wastewater Generation and Treatment
Wastewater can be generated from various economic activities and households. Wastewater can be discharged directly into water bodies, or may be treated to remove some of
the pollutants before being discharged. Table W4 asks for data on the amount of wastewater generated as well as the amount of wastewater treated in the sewerage industry, in
other treatment plants, and in independent treatment facilities. The table distinguishes primary, secondary and tertiary treatment according to the level of wastewater treatment
(see definitions).
Table W5: Population Connected to Wastewater Treatment
The share of the resident population connected to public wastewater collecting system, to public wastewater treatment and to independent treatment facilities indicate the coverage
and level of sanitation.
Table W6: Supplementary Information Sheet
Table W6 is where any relevant additional information can be added. For example, UNSD has provided a generic definition of freshwater in the Definitions sheet for this
questionnaire. However, a more specific national definition (e.g., indicating a degree of salinity) would be useful for international comparisons.
In addition, countries are encouraged to provide or attach any complementary source of information such as website addresses, publications, results of surveys, etc., related to the
water topic, particularly if countries encountered difficulties filling in the questionnaire.
Section: WATER
GUIDANCE
CONVERSION TABLE
To Convert To Multiply by
gallons (UK) l 4.54609
gallons (US) l 3.785411784
m
3 l 1000
litre (l) m
3 0.001
ml l 0.001
Section: WATER
List of Definitions
Industry Classification
This questionnaire uses the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev. 4) to attribute water abstraction and use to economic activities. The codes used in
this questionnaire are listed below. For the full classification, see https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/catalogue?selectID=396.
ISIC
Questionnaire abbreviation ISIC Rev. 4
Code(s)
E 36 Water supply industry Water collection, treatment and supply includes water collection, treatment and distribution activities for domestic and industrial needs.
Collection of water from various sources, as well as distribution by various means is included.
E 37 Wastewater treatment (sewerage) Sewerage includes:
- operation of sewer systems or sewer treatment facilities
- collecting and transporting of human or industrial wastewater from one or several users, as well as rain water by means of sewerage
networks, collectors, tanks and other means of transport (sewage vehicles etc.)
- emptying and cleaning of cesspools and septic tanks, sinks and pits from sewage; servicing of chemical toilets
- treatment of wastewater (including human and industrial wastewater, water from swimming pools etc.) by means of physical, chemical and
biological processes like dilution, screening, filtering, sedimentation etc.
- maintenance and cleaning of sewers and drains, including sewer rodding
A 01-03 Agriculture, forestry and fishing Agriculture, forestry and fishing cover: crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities; forestry and logging; and fishing
and aquaculture. This section includes the exploitation of vegetal and animal natural resources, comprising the activities of growing of crops,
raising and breeding of animals, harvesting of timber and other plants, animals or animal products from a farm or their natural habitats.
B 05-09 Mining and quarrying Mining and quarrying includes the extraction of minerals occurring naturally as solids (coal and ores), liquids
(petroleum) or gases (natural gas). Extraction can be achieved by different methods such as
underground or surface mining, well operation, seabed mining etc.
C 10-33 Manufacturing Manufacturing includes the physical or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. The materials,
substances, or components transformed are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining or quarrying as well as
products of other manufacturing activities. Substantial alteration, renovation or reconstruction of goods is generally considered to be
manufacturing.
D 35 Electricity, gas, steam and air Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply includes the activity of providing electric power, natural gas, steam, hot water and the
conditioning supply like through a permanent infrastructure (network) of lines, mains and pipes. The dimension of the network is not decisive; also included are the
distribution of electricity, gas, steam, hot water and the like in industrial parks or residential buildings.
Group 351 Electric power generation, Electric power generation, transmission and distribution includes the generation of bulk electric power, transmission from generating
transmission and distribution facilities to distribution centers and distribution to end users.
F 41-43 Construction Construction includes general construction and specialized construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. It includes new
work, repair, additions and alterations, the erection of prefabricated buildings or structures on the site and also construction of a temporary
nature.
Definitions
Table Term Definitions
W1, 1 Precipitation Total volume of atmospheric wet precipitation (rain, snow, hail, dew, etc.) falling on the territory of the country over one year, in millions of cubic
metres.
W1, 2 Actual evapotranspiration Total actual volume of evaporation from the ground, wetlands and natural water bodies and transpiration of plants. According to the definition
of this concept in Hydrology, the evapotranspiration generated by all human interventions is excluded, except unirrigated agriculture and
forestry. The 'actual evapotranspiration' is calculated using different types of mathematical models, ranging from very simple algorithms
(Budyko, Turn Pyke, etc.) to schemes that represent the hydrological cycle in detail.
W1, 3 Internal flow Total volume of river run-off and groundwater generated over the period of a year, in natural conditions, exclusively by precipitation into a
country. The internal flow is equal to precipitation less actual evapotranspiration and can be calculated or measured. If the river and
groundwater generation are measured separately, transfers between surface and groundwater should be netted out to avoid double counting.
W1, 4 Inflow of surface and groundwaters Total volume of actual external inflow of rivers and groundwater, coming from neighbouring countries. Boundary waters should be divided
from neighbouring countries 50/50 between the two riparian countries, unless other water sharing agreements exist.
W1, 5 Renewable freshwater resources = Internal flow + Inflow of surface and groundwaters from neighbouring countries.
W1, 6 Outflow of surface and Actual outflow of rivers and groundwater into neighbouring countries.
groundwaters to neighbouring
countries
W1, 7 Secured by treaties The volume of surface water and groundwater that moves out of the country of reference that is guaranteed by formal agreements to adjacent
countries per year.
W1, 8 Not secured by treaties The volume of surface water and groundwater that moves out of the country of reference that is not guaranteed by formal agreements to
adjacent countries per year.
W1, 9 Outflow of surface and Actual outflow of rivers and groundwater into the sea.
groundwaters to the sea
W1 Long-term annual average Arithmetic average over at least 30 consecutive years. Please provide average over available period and indicate the length of the time period
in the footnotes.
W2 Fresh surface water Water which flows over, or rests on, the surface of a land mass; natural watercourses such as rivers, streams, brooks, lakes, etc., as well as
artificial watercourses such as irrigation, industrial and navigation canals, drainage systems and artificial reservoirs. For purposes of this
questionnaire, water obtained through bank filtration is included under (fresh) surface water. Sea-water, and transitional waters, such as
brackish swamps, lagoons and estuarine areas are not considered fresh surface water.
Bank filtration is the use of existing geologic formations adjacent to surface water bodies to filter drinking water. Wells are dug in fine, sandy
sediments next to water bodies and water is extracted from these wells. Water in the water bodies filters through the sediments, removing
contaminants.
Definitions
W2 Fresh groundwater Water which is being held in, and can usually be recovered from, or via, an underground formation. All permanent and temporary deposits of
water, both artificially charged and naturally, in the subsoil, of sufficient quality for at least seasonal use. This category includes phreatic water-
bearing strata, as well as deep strata under pressure or not, contained in porous or fracture soils. For purposes of this questionnaire,
groundwater includes springs, both concentrated and diffused, which may be subaqueous.
W2, 1 Fresh surface water abstracted Water removed from any surface water sources, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs or rainwater, either permanently or temporarily.
W2, 2 Fresh groundwater abstracted Water removed from any groundwater sources either permanently or temporarily.
W2, 3 Gross freshwater abstracted Water removed from any water source (surface water sources, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs or rainwater; and groundwater sources) either
permanently or temporarily. Includes abstraction by the water supply industry for distribution and direct abstraction by other activities for own
use. The volume of water abstracted is broken down by main groups of economic activity of the abstractors (according to ISIC Rev.4) and
households. Water used for hydroelectricity generation is an in-situ use and should be excluded.
W2, 4 Water returned without use Water discharged into freshwaters without use, or before use. Occurs primarily during mining and construction activities. Excludes discharges
into the sea.
W2, 5 Net freshwater abstracted Net freshwater abstracted = gross freshwater abstracted - water returned without use.
W2, 6 (Freshwater abstracted by) Water The volume of water abstracted from surface water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc., including the volume of rainwater collected) and
supply industry (ISIC 36) groundwater sources, by economic units whose main activities are the collection and treatment of water and its distribution to households and
other users (ISIC 36: Water collection, treatment and supply). The volume of water abstracted by the water supply industry for the operation of
irrigation canals is excluded here and should be reported under Freshwater abstracted by agriculture, forestry and fishing.
W2, 7 (Freshwater abstracted by) The volume of water directly abstracted from surface water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc., including the volume of rainwater collected)
Households and groundwater sources by households for own use.
Agriculture, forestry and fishing and groundwater sources by economic units belonging to ISIC 01-03 for own use. Includes water abstracted by the water supply industry
(ISIC 01-03) (ISIC 36) for the operation of irrigation canals.
W2, 9 & W2, Irrigation in agriculture Artificial application of water on land to assist in the growing of crops and pastures.
25
W2, 10 (Freshwater abstracted by) Mining The volume of water directly abstracted from surface water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc., including the volume of rainwater collected)
and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) and groundwater sources by economic units belonging to ISIC 05-09 for own use.
Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) and groundwater sources by economic units belonging to ISIC 10-33 for own use.
Electricity, gas, steam and air and groundwater sources by economic units belonging to ISIC 35 for own use. Water for hydroelectricity generation (e.g., water behind dams)
conditioning supply (ISIC 35) is excluded.
Definitions
W2, 13 (Freshwater abstracted by) Electric The volume of water directly abstracted from surface water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc., including the volume of rainwater collected)
power generation, transmission and groundwater sources by economic units belonging to ISIC 351 for own use. Water for hydroelectricity generation (e.g., water behind
and distribution (ISIC 351) dams) is excluded.
Construction (ISIC 41-43) and groundwater sources by economic units belonging to ISIC 41-43 for own use.
W2, 15 (Freshwater abstracted by) Other The volume of water directly abstracted from surface water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc., including the volume of rainwater collected)
economic activities and groundwater sources by economic units belonging to all other ISIC categories not specified above for own use.
W2, 16 Desalinated water Total volume of water obtained from desalination of (i.e., removal of salt from) seawater and brackish water.
W2, 17 Reused water Used water directly received from another user with or without treatment for further use. It also includes treated wastewater received for
further use from treatment plants. Excludes water discharged into a watercourse and used again downstream. Excludes recycling of water
within industrial sites.
W2, 18 Imports of water Total volume of bulk water that is imported from other countries as a commodity through pipelines or on ships or trucks. Excludes bottled
water.
W2, 19 Exports of water Total volume of bulk water that is exported to other countries as a commodity through pipelines or on ships or trucks. Excludes bottled water.
W2, 20 Total freshwater available for use = Net freshwater abstracted + Desalinated water + Reused water + Imports of water - Exports of water.
W2, 21 Losses during transport The volume of water lost during transport between a point of abstraction and a point of use, and between points of use and reuse. Includes
evaporation and leakages. This should be greater than or equal to losses during transport by ISIC 36 (W3, Line 2).
W2, 22 Total freshwater use Water use is the total volume of water, either self abstracted or received from a water supplier, which is used by final users, such as
households or economic activities for their production or consumption processes. The volume of water used is broken down by main groups
of economic activity of the final users (according to ISIC Rev. 4) and households.
W2, 23 (Freshwater used by) Households The volume of water used by households either supplied by the water supply industry or directly abstracted by households for own use. Water
used in the normal functioning of households (e.g., drinking or washing). It includes watering of household gardens but should not include
water used for commercial agriculture.
W2, 24 (Freshwater used by) Agriculture, The volume of water used for economic activities belonging to agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03), either directly abstracted from
forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03) water sources for own use or supplied by the water supply industry.
W2, 26 (Freshwater used by) Mining and The volume of water used for economic activities belonging to mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09), either directly abstracted from water sources
quarrying (ISIC 05-09) for own use or supplied by the water supply industry.
W2, 27 (Freshwater used by) Manufacturing The volume of water used for economic activities belonging to manufacturing (ISIC 10-33), either directly abstracted from water sources for
(ISIC 10-33) own use or supplied by the water supply industry.
W2, 28 (Freshwater used by) Electricity, gas, The volume of water used for economic activities belonging to electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35), either directly
steam and air conditioning supply abstracted from water sources for own use or supplied by the water supply industry. Water for hydroelectricity generation (e.g., water behind
(ISIC 35) dams) is excluded.
Definitions
W2, 29 (Freshwater used by) Electricity The volume of water used for economic activities belonging to the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity (ISIC 351), either
industry (ISIC 351) directly abstracted from water sources for own use or supplied by the water supply industry. Water for hydroelectricity generation (e.g., water
behind dams) is excluded.
W2, 30 (Freshwater used by) Construction The volume of water used for economic activities belonging to construction (ISIC 41-43), either directly abstracted from water sources for own
(ISIC 41-43) use or supplied by the water supply industry.
W2, 31 (Freshwater used by) Other The volume of water used for all other economic activities not specified above, either directly abstracted from water sources for own use or
economic activities supplied by the water supply industry.
W3, 1 Gross freshwater supplied by water Water supplied by water supply industry to the user. Includes losses during transport. The water supplied by water supply industry for the
supply industry (ISIC 36) operation of irrigation canals is excluded.
W3, 2 Losses during transport by ISIC 36 The volume of water lost during transport between a point of abstraction and a point of use, and between points of use and reuse, which
pertains to ISIC 36 only. Includes evaporation and leakages. This should be less than or equal to losses during transport (W2, Line 21).
W3, 3 Net freshwater supplied by water Gross freshwater supplied by water supply industry minus freshwater losses during transport. The net volume of freshwater supplied by the
supply industry (ISIC 36) water supply industry to final users is broken down by households and by main groups of the economic activity of the final users (according to
ISIC Rev. 4).
W3, 12 Total population supplied by water Percentage of the total resident population using water supplied by the water supply industry (ISIC 36).
supply industry (ISIC 36)
W3, 13 Urban population supplied by water Percentage of the urban resident population using water supplied by the water supply industry (ISIC 36).
W3, 14 Rural population supplied by water Percentage of the rural resident population using water supplied by the water supply industry (ISIC 36).
W4, 1 Total wastewater generated Wastewater is water which is of no further value to the purpose for which it was used because of its quality, quantity or time of occurrence.
Total wastewater generated is the total volume of wastewater generated by economic activities (agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and
quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditionning supply; construction; and other economic activities) and households.
Cooling water is excluded.
W4, 8 (Wastewater generated by) Other Excluding wastewater generated by ISIC 37 (Sewerage).
economic activities
W4, 10 Urban wastewater treatment Urban wastewater treatment is all treatment of wastewater in urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTP’s). UWWTP’s are usually operated
by public authorities or by private companies working by order of public authorities. Includes wastewater delivered to treatment plants by
trucks. UWWTP's are classified under ISIC 37 (Sewerage).
W4, 14 Other wastewater treatment Treatment of wastewater in any non-public treatment plant, i.e., industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWWTP). Excluded from "other
wastewater treatment" is the treatment in septic tanks. IWWTPs may also be classified under ISIC 37 (Sewerage) or under the main activity
class of the industrial establishment they belong to.
Definitions
W4, 11 & Primary wastewater treatment Treatment of wastewater by a physical and/or chemical process involving settlement of suspended solids, or other process in which the
W4, 15 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of the incoming wastewater is reduced by at least 20% before discharge and the total suspended solids
of the incoming wastewater are reduced by at least 50%. To avoid double counting, water subjected to more than one type of treatment should
be reported under the highest level of treatment only.
W4, 12 & Secondary wastewater treatment Post-primary treatment of wastewater by a process generally involving biological or other treatment with a secondary settlement or other
W4, 16 process, resulting in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) removal of at least 70% and a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal of at
least 75%. To avoid double counting, water subjected to more than one type of treatment should be reported under the highest level of
treatment only.
W4, 13 & Tertiary wastewater treatment Treatment (additional to secondary treatment) of nitrogen and/or phosphorous and/or any other pollutant affecting the quality or a specific use
W4, 17 of water: microbiological pollution, colour etc. The different possible treatment efficiencies ('organic pollution removal' of at least 95% for BOD5,
85% for COD, 'nitrogen removal' of at least 70%, 'phosphorous removal' of at least 80% and 'microbiological removal') cannot be added and
are exclusive. To avoid double counting, water subjected to more than one type of treatment should be reported under the highest level of
treatment only.
W4, 18 Independent wastewater treatment Collection, preliminary treatment, treatment, infiltration or discharge of domestic wastewater from dwellings generally between 1 and 50
population equivalents, not connected to a wastewater collection system. An example is septic tanks. Excluded from here are systems with
storage tanks from which the wastewater is transported periodically by trucks to a wastewater treatment plant which are part of urban
wastewater treatment.
W4, 20 Sewage sludge production (dry The accumulated settled solids, either moist or mixed, with a liquid component as a result of natural or artificial processes, that have been
matter) separated from various types of wastewater during treatment. Data on dry weight should be provided. If data are only available for wet weight,
please fill in the data for wet weight and specify in a footnote.
W5, 1 Population connected to Percentage of the resident population connected to the wastewater collecting systems (sewerage). Wastewater collecting systems may deliver
wastewater collecting system wastewater to treatment plants or may discharge it without treatment to the environment.
W5, 2 Population connected to Percentage of the resident population whose wastewater is treated at wastewater treatment plants.
wastewater treatment
W5, 4 Population with independent Percentage of the resident population whose wastewater is treated in individual, often private facilities such as septic tanks.
wastewater treatment (e.g., septic
tanks)
W5, 5 Population not connected to Percentage of the resident population whose wastewater is neither treated in treatment plants nor in independent treatment facilities.
wastewater treatment
Freshwater Freshwater is water that contains only minimal quantities of dissolved salts, especially sodium chloride, thus distinguishing it from sea water or
brackish water.
Brackish water Water that is saltier than freshwater and less salty than sea water. Technically, brackish water contains between 500 and 30,000 milligrams of
salt per litre, but most brackish water has a concentration of total dissolved salts is in the range of 1,000-10,000 milligrams per litre (mg/l).
Sea water Sea water is water from a sea or ocean. On average, sea water in the world's oceans has a salinity of 35,000 milligrams per litre.
Section: WATER
This diagram has been developed by UNSD to demonstrate the relationships between the variables in Tables W1 and W2. Respondents are encouraged to use this diagram for clarifications on the concepts underlying the data requested in this questionnaire.
Diagram: Summary of freshwater resources, freshwater abstraction, distribution and use.
Actual
Precipitation
evapotranspiration
(W1,1)
(W1,2)
Internal flow (W1,3)

W1 W2
Outflow of surface and groundwaters to neighbouring
countries (W1,6)
Inflow of surface and

groundwaters from Renewable freshwater
neighbouring countries resources (W1,5)
(W1,4)
Outflow of surface and groundwaters to the sea (W1,9)
of which abstracted by:
Electricity, gas, steam and air

Agriculture, forestry and Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05- Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) Construction (ISIC 41-43) Other economic activities
Water supply industry (W2,6) Households (W2,7) conditioning supply (ISIC 35)
fishing (ISIC 01-03) (W2,8) 09) (W2, 10) (W2, 11) (W2,14) (W2,15)
(W2,12)
Gross freshwater abstracted (W2,3) Households (W2,23)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Net freshwater abstracted (W2,5)
(ISIC 01-03) (W2,24)
Total freshwater available Total freshwater use of which used by:

Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09)
Water returned without use (W2,4) Desalinated water (W2,16) for use (W2,20) (W2,22) (W2,26)
Reused water (W2,17) Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W2,27)
Losses during Electricity, gas, steam and air

Imports of water - Exports of water (= W2,18 - transport (W2,21) conditioning supply (ISIC 35)
W2,19) (W2,28)
Construction (ISIC 41-43) (W2,30)
Other economic activities (W2,31)
Section: WATER
Country: Contact institution:

Table W1: Renewable Freshwater Resources
• If the value turns red, please check if it is correct.
Long term
Line Category Unit annual 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
average
3
1 Precipitation mio m /y
3
2 Actual evapotranspiration mio m /y
3
3 Internal flow (=1-2) mio m /y
Inflow of surface and groundwaters from 3

4 mio m /y
neighbouring countries
3
5 Renewable freshwater resources (=3+4) mio m /y
Outflow of surface and groundwaters to 3

6 mio m /y
neighbouring countries
of which: 3
7 mio m /y
Secured by treaties
3
8 Not secured by treaties mio m /y
3
9 Outflow of surface and groundwaters to the sea mio m /y
Notes :
• Precipitation figures should be based on representative precipitation measurements from across the country and the country's climatic zones.
• Long term annual average is the arithmetic average over at least 30 consecutive years. Please provide average over the available period and indicate the length of the time period in the footnotes.
• If the requested data are not available, please leave the cell blank. If the requested variable is not applicable (the phenomenon is not relevant) to the country or the value is less than half the unit of measurement, the cell should be filled with "0".
• Please provide in the Footnotes Section below information on the source and data collection methodology for the values provided, such as estimation methods (if any), and the titles of the original sources (e.g., surveys or administrative records).
Precipitation Actual
(W1, 1) evapotranspiration(W1, 2)
Internal flow (W1, 3)

Outflow of surface and
groundwaters to neighbouring
countries (W1, 6)
Inflow of surface and
groundwaters from Renewable freshwater
neighbouring countries (W1, resources (W1, 5)
4)
Outflow of surface and

groundwaters to the sea (W1, 9)
Section: WATER
Footnotes
Code Footnote text
Section: WATER
Table W2: Freshwater Abstraction and Use
Line Category Unit 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
1 Fresh surface water abstracted mio m3/y

3
2 Fresh groundwater abstracted mio m /y
3 Gross freshwater abstracted (=1+2) mio m3/y
3
4 Water returned without use mio m /y
5 Net freshwater abstracted (=3-4) mio m3/y
6 Water supply industry (ISIC 36) mio m3/y
3
7 Households mio m /y
3
8 Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03) mio m /y
9 of which for: Irrigation in agriculture mio m3/y
3
10 Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) mio m /y
3
11 Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) mio m /y
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 3
12 mio m /y
35)
of which for: Electric power generation, transmission 3
13 mio m /y
and distribution (ISIC 351)
3
14 Construction (ISIC 41-43) mio m /y
15 Other economic activities mio m3/y
16 Desalinated water mio m3/y
3
17 Reused water mio m /y
3
18 Imports of water mio m /y
19 Exports of water mio m3/y
3
20 Total freshwater available for use (=5+16+17+18-19) mio m /y
21 Losses during transport mio m3/y

22 Total freshwater use (=20-21) mio m3/y
of which used by:
23 Households mio m3/y
24 Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03) 3
mio m /y
25 of which for: Irrigation in agriculture mio m3/y
26 Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) mio m3/y
27 Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) mio m3/y
28 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC
mio m3/y
35)
of which for: Electric power generation, transmission
29 mio m3/y
and distribution (ISIC 351)
30 3
Construction (ISIC 41-43) mio m /y
3
31 Other economic activities mio m /y
Notes :
• This table covers the volume of water abstracted from water bodies (rivers, lakes, groundwater etc.) by different abstractors; the volume of water available from other sources; and the volume of water used by different final users.
• Water for hydroelectricity generation purposes should be excluded from electricity industry.
• Water returned without use is water discharged into freshwaters without use, or before use. Occurs primarily during mining and construction activities. Excludes discharges into the sea.
• Losses during transport includes evaporation and leakages, and should be greater than or equal to Table W3, line 2 (which pertains to ISIC 36 only).
Section: WATER
Gross freshwater abstracted (W2,3)
Water returned without use (W2,4)
Net freshwater abstracted (W2,5)
Water supply industry (ISIC 36) (W2,6) Desalinated water

(W2,16)
of which
Households (W2,7) Households (W2,23)
used by:
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03) (W2,8) Reused water (W2,17) Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03) (W2,24)
Total freshwater Total

Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) (W2,10) available for use freshwater Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) (W2,26)
(W2,20) use (W2,22)
Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W2,11) Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W2,27)
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35) Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35)
(W2,12) (W2,28)
Imports of water -
Construction (ISIC 41-43) (W2,14) Exports of water Losses during Construction (ISIC 41-43) (W2,30)
=(W2,18) - (W2,19) transport (W2,21)
Other economic activities (W2,15) Other economic activities (W2,31)
Footnotes
Code Footnote text
Section: WATER

Table W3: Water Supply Industry (ISIC 36)
Gross freshwater supplied by water supply industry (ISIC 3

1 mio m /y
36)
3
2 Losses during transport by ISIC 36 mio m /y
Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry (ISIC

3 mio m3/y
36) (=1-2) (=4+5+6+7+8+10+11)
of which supplied to:

4 Households mio m3/y
3
5 Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03) mio m /y
3
6 Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) mio m /y
3
7 Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) mio m /y
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 3
8 mio m /y
(ISIC 35)
of which to:
3
9 Electric power generation, transmission and mio m /y
distribution (ISIC 351)
3
10 Construction (ISIC 41-43) mio m /y
3
11 Other economic activities mio m /y
Population supplied by water supply industry (ISIC 36)
Total population supplied by water supply industry (ISIC
12 %
36)
13 Urban population supplied by water supply industry (ISIC 36) %
14 Rural population supplied by water supply industry (ISIC 36) %
Notes:
• This table covers water supplied by water supply industries, whether under public or under private control. It corresponds to the term public water supply.
Losses during transport includes evaporation and leakages, and should be less than or equal to Table W2, line 21 (which pertains to all industries and households).
• Water for hydroelectricity generation purposes should be excluded from electricity industry.
Households (W3,4)
of which Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03)

supplied to: (W3,5)
Net freshwater supplied
Gross freshwater supplied by water supply industry (ISIC 36) by water supply
industry (ISIC 36) Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) (W3,6)
(W3, 1)
(W3,3)
Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W3,7)
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

(ISIC 35) (W3,8)
Losses during transport by ISIC 36

(W3, 2)
Section: WATER
Footnotes
Code Footnote text
Section: WATER
Table W4: Wastewater Generation and Treatment

3
1 Total wastewater generated 1000 m /d
by:
2 1000 m3/d
Agriculture, forestry and fishing ISIC (01-03)
3
3 Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) 1000 m /d
3
4 Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) 1000 m /d
3
5 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35) 1000 m /d
of which by:
3
6 Electric power generation, transmission and 1000 m /d
distribution (ISIC 351)
7 Construction (ISIC 41-43) 1000 m3/d
3
8 Other economic activities 1000 m /d
3
9 Households 1000 m /d
3
10 Wastewater treated in urban wastewater treatment plants 1000 m /d
of which:
11 1000 m3/d
Primary treatment
3
12 Secondary treatment 1000 m /d
3
13 Tertiary treatment 1000 m /d
3
14 Wastewater treated in other treatment plants 1000 m /d
of which: 3
15 1000 m /d
Primary treatment
3
16 Secondary treatment 1000 m /d
3
17 Tertiary treatment 1000 m /d
3
18 Wastewater treated in independent treatment facilities 1000 m /d
3
19 Non-treated wastewater 1000 m /d
20 Sewage sludge production (dry matter) 1000 t
Notes:
• To avoid double counting, water subjected to more than one type of treatment should be reported under the highest level of treatment only.
by: Wastewater treated in urban wastewater

Agriculture, forestry and fishing ISIC (01-03) (W4,2) treatment plants (W4,10)
Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) (W4,3)
Wastewater treated in other treatment plants

Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W4,4)
(W4,14)
Total wastewater generated
(W4,1)
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35)
(W4,5)
Wastewater treated in independent treatment

facilities (W4,18)
Households (W4,6) Non-treated wastewater (W4,19)
Section: WATER
Footnotes
Code Footnote text
Section: WATER

Table W5: Population Connected to Wastewater Treatment
Population connected to wastewater

1 %
collecting system
Population connected to wastewater

2 %
treatment
3 of which: at least secondary treatment %
Population with independent wastewater

4 %
treatment (e.g., septic tanks)
Population not connected to wastewater

5 %
treatment (100% - (2) - (4))
Notes :
Section: WATER
Footnotes
Code Footnote text
Section: WATER
Table W6: Supplementary Information Sheet
Please insert the national definition for freshwater below:
Please provide supplementary information below, such as: calculation method used for various inflows and outflows; the reference period covered in
the long-term annual averages; the methodology used for estimating evapotranspiration, additional categories of national water use statistics, etc.
Please describe the difficulties encountered in filling in the questionnaires.

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UNSD

Definitions List of Definitions

Table W1 Renewable Freshwater Resources W1

Table W2 Freshwater Abstraction and Use W3

Table W3 Water Supply Industry (ISIC 36) W2

Table W4 Wastewater Generation and Treatment W5

Table W5 Population Connected to Wastewater Treatment W4

Table W6 Supplementary Information Sheet

Changes from the UNSD/UNEP Questionnaire 2018 on Environment Statistics

 Fill in the contact institution information at the top of each table.

Table W1: Renewable Freshwater Resources

Table W2: Freshwater Abstraction and Use

Table W3: Water Supply Industry (ISIC 36)

Table Term Definitions

Table Term Definitions

Table Term Definitions

Table Term Definitions

Table Term Definitions

Internal flow (W1,3)

Inflow of surface and

Outflow of surface and groundwaters to the sea (W1,9)

of which abstracted by:

Electricity, gas, steam and air

Gross freshwater abstracted (W2,3) Households (W2,23)

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Total freshwater available Total freshwater use of which used by:

Reused water (W2,17) Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W2,27)

Losses during Electricity, gas, steam and air

Construction (ISIC 41-43) (W2,30)

Other economic activities (W2,31)

Country: Contact institution:

Inflow of surface and groundwaters from 3

Outflow of surface and groundwaters to 3

Internal flow (W1, 3)

Outflow of surface and

Code Footnote text

1 Fresh surface water abstracted mio m3/y

21 Losses during transport mio m3/y

Gross freshwater abstracted (W2,3)

Water returned without use (W2,4)

Net freshwater abstracted (W2,5)

of which abstracted by:

Water supply industry (ISIC 36) (W2,6) Desalinated water

Total freshwater Total

Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W2,11) Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W2,27)

Other economic activities (W2,15) Other economic activities (W2,31)

Code Footnote text

Country: Contact institution:

Gross freshwater supplied by water supply industry (ISIC 3

Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry (ISIC

of which supplied to:

13 Urban population supplied by water supply industry (ISIC 36) %

14 Rural population supplied by water supply industry (ISIC 36) %

of which Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03)

Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) (W3,7)

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

Construction (ISIC 41-43) (W3,10)

Losses during transport by ISIC 36

Table W4: Wastewater Generation and Treatment

7 Construction (ISIC 41-43) 1000 m3/d