Questions on x-ray

1- X-rays and Gamma rays are a form of:

Light
Particle radiation
Electromagnetic radiation
Both B and

2-Who is given credit for the discovery of X-ray?

Henri Becquerel
Wilhelm Roentgen
Marie Curie
Pierre Curie

3- Radiation beam filters are sometime used in X-ray radiography to:

Remove some of the low energy radiation to increase definition
To remove some of the low energy radiation to increase contrast sensitivity
Remove some of the low energy radiation to reduce definition
Both A and B

4-X-rays and Gamma rays have significant penetrating power due to their:
Short wavelength
Medium wavelength
Long wavelength
Wide range of wavelengths

5-Higher energy radiation will have more:

Speed
Incident Intensity
Penetrating power
Both B and C

6-Bremsstrahlung production of X-rays produces radiation that is composed of:

A small number of very defined energies
A continuous spectrum of energies over some range
Radiation of only one energy
None of the above

7-Which two types of radiation-matter interactions account for the majority of attenuation in typical industrial
radiography?
Compton Scattering and photoelectric absorption
Compton Scattering and pair production
Pair production and photoelectric absorption
None of the above

8-After traveling through two half-value layers, the incident radiation has been reduced to:
50%
35%
20%
None of the above

9-X-rays and Gamma rays:

Always travel in a straight line
Can be influenced by an electrical field
Can be influenced by a magnetic field
None of the above
10-Attenuation of radiation is due to:
Absorption
Scattering
Radioactive decay
Both A and B

11-On a film radiograph, an area of high density in the test component will appear:
Lighter than the surrounding area
Darker than the surrounding area
More defined than the surrounding area
Less defined than the sorrounding area

12-There are four types of radiation-matter interactions that can contribute to the total attenuation. These are:
Compton scattering, photoelectric absorption
Compton scattering, electron exchange
Electron exchange, pair production, photoelectric absorption
None of the above

13-Which of the following does not affect radiographic contrast?

Attenuation differences in the component being inspected

The wavelength of the radiaiton used
The amount of scattered radiation
The level of current used for the exposure

14-In comparison with lower-voltage radiographs, high voltage radiographic images have:
Less contrast sensitivity
Greater contrast sensitivity
Greater amounts of scatter radiation relative to primary beam intensity
Less latitude

15-Thin sheets of lead foil in contact with the film during exposure increase the film density because:
They act as a filter to harden the radiation beam
They reduce the amount of scatter radiation
Incident radiation liberates electrons which help to expose the film
None of the above

16-When penetrating radiation is directed at a material, the radiation intensity decreases:

Decreases exponentially with increasing material thickness
Increase linearly with increasing material thickness
Decrease linearly with increasing material thickness
None of the above

17-The number of X-ray or Gamma photons that are transmitted through a material depends on the:
Energy of the photons
Thickness of the material
Atomic number of the material
All of the above

18-Film contrast is determined by:

The type of film used
The process by which the film was developed
The radiation energy used
Both A and B
19-When using geometric magnefication to produce a radiograph, the penumbra will be reduced by:
A longer exposure
A faster film speed
A smaller source spot size
More X-ray energy

20-The thickness of any given material where 50% of the incident energy has been attenuated is known as the:
Half-value layer
Linear attenuation coefficient
Decay rate
Mass attenuation coefficient

21-The factor that indicates how much attenuation will take place per centimeter is known as the:
Mass attenuation coefficient
Linear attenuation coefficient
Decay rate
Atomic number

22-The amount of geometric unsharpness in a radiograph is affected by:

The source to film distance
The source to object distance
The size of the source
All of the above

23-Collimators are used to:

Reduce the radiation beam spread
Filter the radiation beam
Increase film latitude
Decrease film latitude

24-X-ray generators produce radiation through:

Bremsstrahlung processes
K-shell emmission processes
Radioactive decay
Both A and B

25-Lowering the energy of the radiation used to produce a radiograph will generally result in:
Less latitude
Higher contrast sensitivity
A Longer exposure time
All of the above

26-The target of an X-ray tube is often made out of tungsten becuase:

It has a high atomic mass which will result in more X-rays being generated due to atomic particle interactions
It is an inexpensive material that is easy to machine
It have very high thermal conductivity which makes it easy to cool
None of the above

27-x rays Radiation can be categorized to ... Radiation

direct nonionizing
indirect ionizing *
direct ionizing
indirect nonionizing
28-In X-ray Production as the mA increases,
a. The anode is absorbing lower heat load.
b. The focal spot size increases.
c. the focal spot size will be affected
d. Nothing of the above *

29-The quality of the x-ray beam is mostly affected by:

a. mA
b. time
c. distance
d. Kv *

30-The change in the bevel angle of the anode will affect the.... Of the X-ray beam
a.Quantity
b. Quality
c. Coverage *
4. both 2 and 3

31-The probability of a photoelectric interaction is

A. Inversely proportional with the energy (E) of the incident X-ray,
B. Linearly proportional with the effective atomic number (Zeff) 3 of the tissue
C. Linearly proportional with the tissue density (q)
a. A only
b. A and B only *
c. B and C Only
d. A, B and C

32-The energy of X-rays depends upon

a. accelerating voltage *
b. heater current
c. anode current
d. heater voltage

33-Bremsstrahlung consist --------wavelength of radiation

a. Single
b. Two *
c. Triple
d. multiple

34-The filtration effect will

a. Increase the beam intensity
b. Not affect the peak of photon energy
c. Increase the patient dose
d. Reduce the effective photon energy. *

35-Decreasing the tube voltage (kV) will

a. Reduce the number of electron colliding with the target
b. Increase the beam intensity
c. The rate of photoelectric attenuation will be more than the rate of the Compton attenuation *
d. All of the above.
36-The image density will decrease by
a. Increasing SID *
b. Increasing FOD
c. Increasing KVP
d. Decreasing mA *

37- Which of the following statement is wrong in the context of x-rays generate from a x-ray tube
A. wavelength of characteristic x-rays decrease when the atomic number of target increases
B. Characteristic Radiation wavelength of the continuous x-rays depend on the atomic
number of the target
C. intensity of characteristic x-rays depends on the electrical power given to the X-ray tube
D. Characteristic Radiation wavelength of the continuous x-rays depend on the energy of the
electrons in the x-ray tube *

38-In the production of X-rays , 99.4% will result in

A. kinetic energy
B. x-radiation
C. heat*
D. none

39 - Regarding Compton interactions:

A. the scattered photon carries all the energy
B. all scatter is in a forward direction
C. they are responsible for 50% of interactions at 30 keV in soft tissues*
d. the probability of interaction is inversely proportional to the electron density

40- In radiography the quality of the beam is changed by increasing:

A. tube kilovoltage (kV)*
B. exposure time
C. tube current (mA)
D. tube shielding

41-The amount of scattered radiation reaching the film in diagnostic X-ray imaging can be reduced by using:
A. an increased filament current
B. beam collimation in the X-ray assembly*
C. increased X-ray beam filtration
D. an increased tube potential between cathode and anode

42-Two electrons, each with 100 keV of kinetic energy, pass close to a tungsten nucleus and produce x-ray photons
via bremsstrahlung. The first electron passes close to the nucleus and emits a photon of energy E1, the second passes
by at a greater distance from the nucleus and produces a photon of energy E2. The photon energies satisfy:
A. E1 < E2 < 100 keV
B. E2 < E1 < 100 keV
C. E1 = E2 < 100 keV *
D. 100 keV < E2 < E1
43-In order to change the Energy spectrum curve from the unbold to the bold one, we need to

A. increase kVpB. increase mA

C. change anode material
D. increase filtration *

44- Added tube filtration:

A. increases the intensity of the X-ray beam
B. is usually made of copper for diagnostic tubes
C. increases the skin dose to the patient
D. changes the quality of the emergent X-ray beam*

45-Subject contrast is reduced if:

A. film sensitivity (γ) is reduced
B. development time is too short
C. film is overexposed
D. kV is increased*

46-The anode of a diagnostic X-ray tube is angled to give:

a.Proper reflection of the electron beam.
b. smaller actual focal spot.
c.A smaller effective focal spot.
d.Higher beam homogeneity.

47-The energy of X-rays depends upon

a. accelerating voltage *
b. heater current
c. anode current
d. heater voltage

48-Thermionic emission at _____ and _______ can be space charge limited effect
a. Low kvp & high mA
b. Low Kvp & low mA
c. High kvp&high mA
d. High Kvp &low mA

49- When operated at the saturation current, it is

a. Emission limited
b. Space charge limited
c. No limitation
50 -If the target angle is larger (or less steep) then you're making a________ actual focal spot
a- Larger
b- Less
c- No change

51-The smaller anode angle(more steep), the ______ the heel effect
a. Larger
b. Smaller
c. No effect

52- X-rays and Gamma rays:

Are both affected by radioactive decay
Are both produced by a radioactive atom
Have completely different properties
Differ only in their source

53-The energy of the characteristic x-ray photon depends on:

a. the binding energy of the inner-shell electron
b. the energy level of the filament electron
c.the shell of the electron that is dropping into vacancy
d.all of the above

54-During the bremsstrahlung interaction, the filament electron:

a.knocks out an inner-shell electron
b.knocks out an outer-shell electron
c.is absorbed by the nucleus
d.is attracted to the nucleus but not absorbed

55-If the distance is doubled, the quantity of radiation reaching a specific area is_________ the original.
a.double
b.quadruple
c.half
d.one fourth

56-A higher energy beam is said to be:

a.soft
b.hard
c.weak
d.powerful

57-Placing filtration in the path of the beam results in:

a harder beam
a softer beam
more x-ray photons
a sharper image

58-Half-value layer (HVL) is used to measure:

beam intensity
beam quality beam quantity
all of the above
59-The x-ray emission spectrum is graphic illustration of:
characteristics radiation
bremsstrahulung radiation
remnant radiation
A and B

60-What post-processed image adjustment to the final displayed image determines the range of CT numbers that
occupy the full gray scale?
A. Window level
B. Window width
C. Image magnification
D. Image resolution

61- Compared to plain x-rays, computed tomography has a disadvantage in that …

a. It can reconstruct cross sectional images
b. It has lower resolution (*)
c. It is digital

62-To reconstruct a 200200 CT image, at least … projections are needed.

a. 10000
b. 40000 (*)
c. 80000

63-The central opening, into which the patient is moved during the examination is called …
a. Table
b. Gantry (*)
c. Couch

64-. Parallel beam CT scanners belong to …

a. First generation
b. Second generation
c. Third generation

65-To generate CT images of soft tissues and bone in a patient, … is used.

a. Two HU windows are used on the same data
b. Two acquisitions are collected at different kV
c. Different patient positions are used

66-Computed tomography was invented to …

a. Detect small differences in contrast (*)
b. Move plain x-ray into the digital world
c. Introduce a new method of projection imaging

67-Fan beam x-ray was used in CT starting from the … generation.

a. First
b. Second (*)
c. Third
68-Most current CT systems belong to the following technology …
a. Fourth generation
b. Spiral CT (*)
c. Dynamic spatial reconstructor (DSR)

69- To reconstruct a 128×128 CT slice with a CT scanners using a fan x-ray beam and 32 detectors, it is
necessary to have a number of rotations of the head that is equal to …
a. 128
b. 256
c. 512 (*)

70- If an aluminium filter 5 mm thick transmits 25% of a monoenergetic X-ray beam, then 10 mm will
transmit:
a.0
b.12
c.5
d.625

Mark the following statement as either True (T) or False (F)

1- After the usage of he added filter, the expected Intensity of the x-ray beam will decrease. (T)
2- Bremsstrahlung Interaction occurs due to the x-ray interaction with the body. (F)
3- In order to improve CNR, we need to minimize Compton Effect. (T)
4- The anti-scatter grid is used to reduce further the contribution of scattered X-rays to the image. (T)
5- The photo with lower wavelength is the photon with higher energy. (T)
6-The speed of X-ray is smaller than that of gamma ray in air. (F)
7- An increase in kilovoltage across an X-ray tube is associated with a shortening of average wavelength of the X-ray
spectrum. (T)
8- The photoelectric effect in radiography occurs more frequently as the photon energy increases. (F)
9-As a sample of radioactive element decays, its half life decreases. (F)
10-High energy x-rays suffer more of photoelectric absorption and less of Compton scattering compared to low
energy x-rays. (F)
11-When a filament electron knocks out a k-shell electron from the tungsten atom, it leads to characteristic x-ray (T)
12-In CT, all x-ray sources are present in the gantry and all detectors are included in table. (F)
13- It is possible to display two images for bone and soft tissues from a single CT scan using windowing. (T)
14-Fan beam CT is faster than parallel beam CT. (T)
15. Computed tomography offers cross-sectional images that are not possible using conventional x-rays. (T)
16-The CT image is a map of the linear attenuation coefficient within the scanned section. (T)
17-The use of fan beam x-rays in CT scanners is more efficient than pencil beam x-rays. (T)
18- CT can be used effectively near air or bone tissue interfaces (T)
19- The cross sectional portion of the body which is scanned for the production of CT image is called a
slice.(T)
20- back projection cause artifact called „Star‟ and „streak‟ artifacts (T)
21- X-rays at all energies are actually attenuated by the filtration process with the lower energies being
suppressed to a greater extent(mostly) (T)