2024 International Conference on Trends in Quantum Computing and Emerging Business Technologies

CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Campus, India. Mar 22-23, 2024

Image Fusion Techniques for Improved

2024 International Conference on Trends in Quantum Computing and Emerging Business Technologies (TQCEBT) | 979-8-3503-8427-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/TQCEBT59414.2024.10545102

Localization of Brain Lesions in Neuroimaging

Beenarani B B P.Nirmala S.Joshua Kumaresan
Associate Professor, Computer science and Professor , Department of Electronics and Professor, Department of Electronics and
Engineering Saveetha school of Engineering Communication Engineering Communication Engineering
Chennai, India Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha
[email protected] Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Chennai,India Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
[email protected] [email protected]

C.Senthilkumar Dinokumar Kongkham

Professor, Department of Electronics and Assistant Professor(SG), Electronics and
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering Saveetha School
Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical
Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences and Technical Sciences
Tamil Nadu, Chennai,India Chennai, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—This research explores the application of functional characteristics[4]. This research embarks on a
advanced image fusion techniques to enhance the precision and comprehensive exploration of various image fusion
accuracy of brain lesion localization in neuroimaging studies. methodologies, considering a spectrum of modalities,
Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and including but not limited to structural MRI, functional MRI
understanding various neurological disorders, and precise (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-
localization of brain lesions is imperative for effective photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)[5]. By
treatment planning. Traditional imaging modalities may seamlessly integrating data from these diverse sources, the
provide limited information, and their fusion with study aims to refine the accuracy of lesion localization,
complementary modalities, such as functional or molecular
offering clinicians a more detailed and robust foundation for
imaging, holds promise for improved localization. The study
investigates and compares different image fusion methods,
diagnostic and treatment decisions. The motivation behind
aiming to optimize the integration of diverse imaging data to this research lies in recognizing the pivotal role that precise
achieve a more comprehensive and accurate representation of lesion localization plays in improving patient outcomes.
brain lesions. The outcomes of this research have the potential Neurological disorders are often complex and heterogeneous,
to significantly enhance diagnostic capabilities, ultimately requiring a nuanced understanding of brain lesions' spatial
contributing to better-informed clinical decisions and distribution and characteristics for tailored therapeutic
improved patient outcomes in the field of neurology. strategies[6]. This investigation is driven by the conviction
that advancements in image fusion techniques are key to
Keywords—Brain lesions, neuroimaging, magnetic unlocking new dimensions of information within
resonance imaging, computed tomography. neuroimaging data, thereby enhancing our ability to unravel
the intricacies of brain lesions. The research seeks to refine
I. INTRODUCTION existing methodologies and aims to identify novel
approaches that may revolutionize how we approach lesion
Neuroimaging, a multidisciplinary field at the localization in neurology[7].
intersection of medicine and technology, has revolutionized
our understanding of the human brain and its myriad Moreover, the research acknowledges the evolving
functions. As the cornerstone of diagnostic practices in landscape of imaging technologies and the increasing
neurology, neuroimaging techniques have evolved to provide availability of diverse neuroimaging datasets[8]. Harnessing
intricate insights into the structural and functional aspects of the power of these disparate data sources through image
the brain[1]. One of the paramount challenges in this domain fusion can uncover patterns and relationships that may
lies in the precise localization of brain lesions, which may remain obscured when considering individual modalities in
manifest in diverse neurological disorders ranging from isolation[9]. The interdisciplinary nature of this study brings
tumors to vascular anomalies. Accurate lesion localization is together experts from the fields of radiology, neuroscience,
imperative for guiding therapeutic interventions and and computer science, fostering a collaborative effort to push
understanding the underlying pathology. [2]. the boundaries of current neuroimaging capabilities. This
research endeavors to propel the field of neuroimaging
In response to the limitations of single-modal imaging, forward by harnessing the synergistic potential of image
the current research endeavors to push the boundaries of fusion techniques[10]. Through a meticulous exploration of
neuroimaging capabilities by employing advanced image various fusion methodologies and a commitment to
fusion techniques[3]. Image fusion represents a cutting-edge understanding their implications for lesion localization, this
approach that amalgamates information from multiple study aspires to contribute to refining clinical practices in
imaging modalities, aiming to create a more holistic and neurology[11]. Ultimately, the anticipated outcomes hold the
nuanced representation of the brain's structural and promise of improving the accuracy of lesion localization and

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opening new avenues for our comprehension of the intricate
relationships between structure and function in the human
brain[12].

II. RELATED WORKS

The realm of neuroimaging and lesion localization has
been the focus of extensive research, with numerous studies
contributing to the understanding and refining techniques in
this intricate domain. Early research focused on enhancing
MRI and CT scans to identify brain lesions[13]. Research
drawing on these prior results advanced the field. As
neurological disorders got more complicated, researchers
realised that single-modal imaging couldn't fully depict brain
damage. Adding several imaging modalities became
common to meet the requirement for more sophisticated
approaches. There is promising research on integrating
structural MRI with functional MRI (fMRI) or molecular
imaging methods like PET and SPECT. Multiple modalities
were used to improve lesion localization accuracy and
specificity in these investigations[14].
Improvement and creation of image fusion algorithms
were also studied. Mathematics, voxel-based fusion, and
registration algorithms were studied to merge data from
multiple sources. Several computational methods were
examined to improve the fusion process and eliminate
modality inconsistencies and misalignment[15]. Recently,
neuroimaging research have increasingly included AI and
machine learning. Modern algorithms educated on enormous
datasets can automatically analyse complex neural network
data. Since machine-learning approaches automate and
enhance lesion diagnosis, this changes our neuroimaging
analysis strategy.
Computer scientists, radiologists, and neuroscientists
have also built integrated frameworks for lesion
characterisation. These models combine the best practices of
multiple domains to create a comprehensive perspective of
brain injuries that include anatomical and functional Fig. 1. Proposed Architecture
variables. However, difficulties persist, and researchers seek
fresh solutions. Studies are increasingly focusing on machine After data gathering, standardisation and preprocessing
learning model interpretability, clinical translatability of address modalities-specific image resolution, orientation, and
complex fusion approaches, and data heterogeneity. intensity. Successful image fusion requires a common spatial
Neuroimaging research is dynamic and diverse, continually reference structure. It includes image registration and
seeking to enhance brain lesion localization accuracy and normalisation. We will next examine numerous photo fusion
practicality. The variety of connected papers shows how strategies, including voxel-based and mathematical model-
neuroimaging research is growing, improving diagnostic and machine-learning-based ones.
tools and neurological illness understanding.
A detailed comparative research will reveal the optimum
structural and functional data fusion algorithm optimisation
and selection methods. We will carefully evaluate
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY computation efficiency, diagnostic information preservation,
and spatial registration accuracy to ensure our fusion
This work proposes an approach that involves using approaches are robust and clinically applicable. We will
image fusion algorithms in a complete and systematic employ integrated multimodal dataset-trained machine
strategy to improve the localization of brain lesions in learning models to automate lesion location. This project will
neuroimaging. The first phase involves collecting diverse use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identify
neuroimaging datasets, including fMRI, positron emission patterns in neuroimaging data as an alternative to fusion
tomography (PET), and high-resolution structural magnetic approaches.
resonance imaging (MRI). Efforts are made to ensure that
data compatibility and homogeneity are taken into account in The recommended procedure includes a validation stage
order to minimise the effects of dataset heterogeneity. to evaluate the fusion techniques and machine learning
models on different datasets. The suggested methods will be
compared against ground truth annotations and expert
radiologist evaluations to determine lesion localization

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accuracy increases. Neuroimaging scientists, radiologists, TABLE III. VALIDATION RESULTS WITH INDEPENDENT DATASETS
and machine learning experts will collaborate to ensure a Dataset Sensitivity Specificity Accuracy Precision F1
multidisciplinary approach. Based on study, the approach Score
will be improved to adapt to new issues and discoveries. A External 0.89 0.91 0.9 0.88 0.89
new neuroimaging framework that employs image fusion Dataset 1
and machine learning to localise brain lesions is the External 0.91 0.88 0.89 0.9 0.89
Dataset 2
objective.
Combined 0.9 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
Validation Set
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The outcomes of the validation step, which included
TABLE I. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMAGE FUSION ALGORITHMS testing the machine learning models on several datasets, are
shown in Table 3. The metrics show that the suggested
Image Fusion Method Spatial Computational Preservation
technique can generalise for each dataset and their combined
Registration Efficiency of
Accuracy Diagnostic findings. These metrics include sensitivity, specificity,
Information accuracy, precision, and F1 score.
Voxel-based Fusion High Moderate Moderate
Mathematical Model Very High Low High
Fusion
Machine Learning-based High High Very High
Fusion

A comparison of many picture fusion techniques shows

how effectively they maintain diagnostic information, utilise
computational resources efficiently, and register spatial
characteristics in Table 1. These estimates are helpful to
understand each method's pros and cons.

TABLE II. PERFORMANCE METRICS FOR MACHINE LEARNING

MODELS Fig. 3. Validation Results Comparison

Model Sensitivity Specificity Accuracy Precision F1 Table 1 shows that there are several picture fusion
Score
algorithms, each with its own set of advantages and
Convolutional 0.92 0.88 0.9 0.89 0.9
Neural disadvantages. For example, mathematical model-based
Network fusion shows very good spatial registration accuracy despite
(CNN) its processing inefficiency. However, fusion based on
Support 0.85 0.92 0.88 0.9 0.88 machine learning achieves a happy medium between
Vector computing economy and great spatial registration accuracy,
Machine
(SVM)
all while keeping diagnostic information very well. By
Random 0.88 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.87 getting high scores in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy,
Forest precision, and F1 score, the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) outperforms all other machine learning models
Different machine-learning algorithms were tested on the assessed (Table 2). The CNN seems to excel at identifying
neuroimaging dataset. Table 2 shows sensitivity, specificity, intricate patterns in the multimodal neuroimaging data.
accuracy, precision, and F1 score. These metrics provide Table 3 shows that the suggested technique is robust,
valuable information about the models' accuracy in detecting with validation results showing consistently good
and categorizing brain lesions. performance metrics across multiple datasets. The findings
from both validation sets provide further evidence that the
machine learning models are generalizable, which bodes well
for their practical use. Using state-of-the-art image fusion
methods and machine learning models, the suggested
approach shows great promise in improving the localization
of brain lesions in neuroimaging. These first results provide
the groundwork for future confirmation and improvement,
opening the door to significant advancements in neurology.

V. CONCLUSION
Neuroimaging lesion localization using the suggested
approach, which combines state-of-the-art image fusion
methods with machine learning models, has shown
encouraging outcomes. By comparing several picture fusion
techniques, we found that machine learning-based fusion
preserved diagnostic information well while achieving
Fig. 2. Comparison of Machine Learning Model excellent spatial registration accuracy and computational
efficiency. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

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