© 2021 JETIR April 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose

Agricultural Machine
1
Prof. Hardik Mehta, 2Sahil Patel, 3Akshat Ghataliya, 4Yash Shah, 5Devesh Vora
1
Professor, 2-5Students,
1-5
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indus University, Gujarat, India.

Abstract : India is an agricultural country where 70% of the populations are dependent on agricultural performance. But if we see
that as the population increases, the farm is spread out among families, and for that reason, the farmer in India owned on average
only two acres of farms. Also economically, farmers are very poor due to which they are unable to purchase tractors and other
costly equipment hence they use traditional methods of farming. Essentially, a lot of farmers in India also use oxen, horses and
buffaloes for farming. This will not address the energy needs of agriculture relative to other countries in the world. So we are
thinking that the efforts of man and animal can be replaced by advanced mechanization which will be adapted to small farmers
from the point of view of the economy and effort. We are therefore developing this equipment that will meet all these needs and
resolve the problem of work.

Index Terms – Agricultural performance, Energy needs, Advanced mechanization, Small farmers, Costly equipment,
Economy and Effort.
I. INTRODUCTION

Agriculture has been and will continue to be an economic cornerstone and it has been the key development in the rise of settled
human civilization. The study of farming is referred to as agricultural science. Agriculture has a history of thousands of years, and
its development has been motivated and defined by very different climates, crops, and technologies. Modern agronomy, plant
improvement, agro-chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological advances have in many cases significantly
increased crop yields, but in the meantime have caused extensive ecological damage. Agricultural food production and water
management are increasingly emerging as global challenges. Mechanized farming is the process of using agricultural machinery
to mechanize agricultural labour, the substantial increase in productivity of agricultural workers in modern times, and mechanical
machinery has replaced many agricultural jobs previously carried out by manual labour, either through working animals such as
oxen, horses and mules.

The whole history of agriculture includes numerous examples of the use of tools, such as hoe and plough. But the continued
integration of machinery since the Industrial Revolution has enabled agriculture to become significantly less labour intensive,
today's mechanized agriculture involves the use of tractors, trucks, combine harvesters, countless types of agricultural instruments,
aircraft and other vehicles. Precision farming even uses computers associated with satellite imaging and satellite navigation to
increase returns. Mechanisation has been one of the main drivers of urbanisation and industrial economies. In addition to improving
production efficiency, mechanisation promotes large-scale production and may sometimes improve the quality of agricultural
products. On the other hand, it can displace unskilled farm workers and cause environmental degradation, especially if it is applied
in a short-term rather than holistic manner.

II. PROBLEM DEFINITION

Nowadays with use of modern technologies new automobile vehicles/Machines or instruments are being automatically operated
or controlled.

During survey (Survey of local villages or farm) we found that, farmers are using old traditional methods for farming like
bullock cart or farming by tractors. Some farmer cannot afford tractors as fuel costs high and it also spreads lots of pollution which
is very dangerous to human as well as it also affect environment. Combustion of fuel makes dangerous gases like SO2, CO2, SO3,
CO etc. farmer having cart has to make more effort. This both processing of cultivating and seeding consume time as well as
human effort. We try to solve all problems which is face farmers during seed sowing.

As we took project title as “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL MACHINE” We will
try to make a mechanism which is capable of digging, seeding seed at equal interval and leveling of land.

III. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

The project aims on the design, development and the fabrication of the vehicle which can dig the soil, sow the seeds, leveller to
close the soil and pump to spray water. Over the past few years, there has been growing interest in developing autonomous vehicles
in agriculture. In the area of autonomous agricultural vehicles, a concept has been developed to determine whether several small
autonomous machineries could be more effective than conventional large tractors and human forces. Bearing in mind the above
ideology, a unity with the following characteristic is conceived; Labourer is one of the early stages in agriculture. During this
process, the land is ploughed and prepared for seeding. Through this, we mean that, a plough will be used that will have a structure
similar to the teeth at the end and will be able to reverse the top layer of soil down and back. The seeding then comes where the
seeds should be released from the tank at regular intervals and after that reservoir water sprinkled over the fallen seeds. For
fertilization, the hopper is connected to the back wheel via the drive chain, so that the seeds are abandoned by giving a manual
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movement of the machine. At the end, the land levelling tool has been fixed with a knob so that we can adjust it according to
requirements.

Fig -1: Traditional farming

IV. LITERATURE SURVEY

I. Pratikkumar V. Patel*1, Mukesh Ahuja*2 RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURE

EQUIPMENT. In this research paper, we found that how conventional machines can be designed into modern
agricultural machine. The study also helped in the design of the fertilizer distributer that works with the help of seed
hopper.
II. Dr. C.N.SAKHALE, S.N.WAGHMARE, Rashmi S.Chimote A Review Paper on “ MULTIPURPOSE FARM
MACHINE”. In this research paper, the author has mentioned the mechanization of machine and the concept of
ploughing tool. From that we understood that by replacing the ploughing teeth, the life of ploughing tool can be
increased.
III. Dhatchanamoorthy. N1, Arunkumar. J2, Dinesh Kumar. P3, Jagadeesh. K4 Madhavan. P5 Design and Fabrication of
Multipurpose Agriculture Vehicle. This research paper drew our attention to the design of chassis and frame of the
machine and it has helped in selecting some light weight material to lower the cost.
IV. R.M. Chandima Ratnayake University of Stavanger (UiS) Re-Design, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation of
Manual Conical Drum Seeder. From this research paper we have modified the assembly of the drum seeder and direct
seeding can be done by manually operating machine.
V. 1
Mysuru Venkataramaiah Achutha, *2Mysore Sharath Chandra Nagaraju, Concept Design and Analysis of Multipurpose
Farm Equipment. This research paper outlines the concept of chain gear mechanism in multipurpose agriculture
machine.

Fig -2: Utilization of agricultural equipment

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 The graph clearly demonstrates that farmers have begun to use the modern technologies in place of the traditional
equipments. As a result, many farmers get accustomed to this approach and take full advantage of modern technology.

Fig -3: Demand for Different Types of Agricultural Machinery

 The above graph illustrates the demand for several agricultural machines between the years 2014 and 2020. It is
evident that the popularity of traditional equipments such as tractors and harvesters are considerably lower than the
modern equipments. Moreover, the famers have shown more interest in Fertilizing Equipment, Seeding Machine and
Water Sprinkler. However, we have designed a machine which can perform five different operations at the time. So,
we can definitely say that our machine will improve the financial situation of the farmers and reduces their efforts.

V. CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS

Table -1: Selection of materials

Part Name Material Reasons

Sr.
No. Specification

1 Hopper Heavy duty steel More durable and long

lasting
2 Chain drive Standard Cheaper

3 Wheel Harden M.S. Tougher and stronger

4 Ploughing tool Iron Corrosion resistance

5 Water tank Plastic Light weight

Land leveling Iron Tolerate high pressure

6
tool

Drum seeder More durable & light

7 Plastic
weight

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VI. BASIC CONCEPT DESIGN

For better understanding of different parts of our project first we made sketches on paper so we can understand different
components of our project and get idea to how we will make project model.

VII. DESIGNING IN PARAMETRIC SOFTWARE

For the design of the final product, we made a 3D model in SOLIDWORKS Software, in which we made different
individual components and finally we put together different components.
For the production of any machine, it is first necessary to make individual parts with the desired shape and dimensions
containing in whole machine and then we need to assemble each of the parts together to make the final machine.

Fig -4: Ploughing tool

Fig -5: Drum seeder

Fig -6: Land leveling tool

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Fig -7: Final assembly

VIII. WORKING MACHINE

This multipurpose agricultural machine is manually operated & designed and fabricated as multi-purpose equipment
used in agricultural processes such as ploughing, seeding, water sprinkling, fertilizing and land leveling. When driven forward, it
ploughs the field with the aid of a plough. The plough is adjustable in height.
The drum seeder is attached to the front wheel using the chain drive and seeding will begin with manual movement of the
machine.
The fertilizer distributor is fixed to the rear wheel using the chain drive and works on the chain-gear mechanism.
The water tank is connected to the PVC pipes which have 4 holes on it and water can be sprinkled through the opening
of the tap.
As in India 10-20% of farmers are rich but rest of farmers doesn’t have much source to purchase heavy equipment and
machines. So, here we have designed a machine which can fulfill basis needs of farming and price of machine should be very less
as compared to market.

Fig -8: Physical model

IX. ANALYTICAL CALCULATIONS

1) For ploughing tool:-

Depth of cut= 5cm
Considering Speed of the tool as 2.5 km/hr = 41.64 m/min
No. of tool= 4

Feed rate can be calculated as,

= (Speed of tool*depth of cut*Number of tool)
= 41.64*4*0.05
= 8.328 m2/min

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2) Calculation of torque transmitted on the wheel:-
Calculation of torque transmitted on the wheel
TW= Kw * Wt * Rw

Where, Kw= Coefficient of the rolling resistance (0.3

for metallic wheel)
Wt= weight of the machine (50kg approx.)
Rw= Radius of the ground wheel

We have Kw= 0.3,

Wt = 50kg * 9.81 = 490.5N
Rw = 150mm = 0.15m

Tw = Kw * Wt * Rw
= 0.3 * 50 * 9.81 * 0.15
= 22.072 Nm

P = 2 * π * N * T = 2* 3.14 * 30 * 22.072 = 69.306 (watts)

60 60

So, Distance covered in one min. = 30 rpm * 2* π *r

= 28.27 meter
= 25 to 30 meter

3) Calculations for seeding:-

Speed = 30 rpm
Row spacing= 25 cm
Seed sowing time= 2 seed/ sec
Opening no.= 5

Seed dropping per minute = 5*30*(1/2)= 75 seeds

Hence, if the speed of the wheel is 28 m/min, then for 28 meter 75 seeds will be dropped.

4) Calculations for water sprinkler:-

Velocity of the water,
v = √(2gh) = √(2*9.81*0.50) = 3.13 m/s

Flow rate of the water,

Q = (π /4) * d2 * v = (3.14/4)*(0.0052)*3.13
= 6.1457*10-5 m3/s
Time for 30 liter water tank,
30 liter = 0.030 m3/s

6.1457*10-5 m3 --------------> 1 sec

0.030 m3 --------------> ?
t = 488.1416 sec
t = 8.13 min
t = 7 to 10 min

Time for 20 liter water tank,

20 liter = 0.020 m3/s

6.1457*10-5 m3 --------------> 1 sec

0.020 m3 ---------------> ?
t = 325.43 sec
t = 5.42 min
t = 6 min

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X. COST ANALYSIS
Table -2: Bill of material

Part Name Cost Qty Total Cost

Sr.
No.

1 Chain Drive 1000 2 2000

2 Hopper 400 4 1600

3 Ploughing tool 250 4 1000

4 Flat plate 1000 1 1000

5 Wheel 500 4 2000

6 Water tank 500 1 500

7 Other 2000 - 2000

8 Fabrication Cost 3000 - 3000

Total Cost 13,100

XI. CONCLUSIONS

 Based on the design, the overall output of the machine will meet the needs of small farmers as they are unable to buy
expensive farm equipment.
 The machine required less human power and less time than traditional techniques, so if we make it on a large scale, its
cost will be dramatically reduced, and we hope that will respond to the partial impetus of Indian agriculture.
 So in this way we can overcome the labour problem that is the need of today’s farming in India.

XII. FUTURE SCOPE

 We can connect the sensors to this machine so that it can control some of the parameters.
 We can put Wireless Technology on the Control machine.
 The machine can also be combined with the tractor.
 We can add solar panel for spraying system and for other mechanism.

XIII. REFERENCES

[1] Pratikkumar V. Patel*1, Mukesh Ahuja*2 RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURE
EQUIPMENT *1Student, (Machine Design) Mechanical Department, L.C.I.T , Bhandu, Mehsana, India. *2Professor,
Mechanical Department, L.C.I.T., Bhandu, Mehsana, India. July-2020.
[2] Dr. C.N.SAKHALE Associate Prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, MH- India
Prof. S.N.WAGHMARE Associate Prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engg.,Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, MH-
India, Rashmi S.Chimote PG Research Scolar, Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur,
MH-India A Review Paper on “MULTIPURPOSE FARM MACHINE”, Sep-2016.
[3] 1Mysuru Venkataramaiah Achutha, The National Institute of Engineering, *2Mysore Sharath Chandra Nagaraju, The National
Institute of Engineering, Mysore Concept Design and Analysis of Multipurpose Farm Equipment February 2016.
[4] R.M. Chandima Ratnayake University of Stavanger (UiS) Re-Design, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation of Manual
Conical Drum Seeder: A Case Study Article in Applied Engineering in Agriculture · March 2013.
[5] SHARATH T D1, SACHIN R K1, SUSHANT1, DHARMAVEERA B M1 KESHAVANTH B G2 A REVIEW PAPER ON
MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURE MACHINE 1UG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alva’s Institute of
Engineering & Technology, 2Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alva’s Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Moodbidri-574225, Karnataka, India 2019.
[6] Dhatchanamoorthy. N1, Arunkumar. J2, Dinesh Kumar. P3, Jagadeesh. K4 Madhavan. P5 Design and Fabrication of
Multipurpose Agriculture Vehicle B.Tech Students 1,2,3,4, Assistant Professor5 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Achariya College of Engineering Technology, Villianur, Pondicherry, India IJESC-2018.
[7] Tushar Lakhmani1, Prakhar Asthana2, Mragank Sharma3 and Vivek Verma4 Multi-Purpose Agriculture Machine 1,2UG
Student, Mechanical and Automation Department, Amity University (Lucknow Campus), INDIA, 3-4Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical and Automation, Amity University (Lucknow Campus), INDIA June 2018.
[8] Anveer1, Manjunath Tolagatti1, Manjunath Kharvi1, Suhan Nayak1, Manjunath L.H2 1B. Tech Students, 2Professor School of
Mechanical Engineering, REVA University Design and Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Agriculture Vehicle International
Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, June-2020.
[9] Sheikh Mohd Shahid Mohd Sadik1, H.A. Hussain2 Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Farming Machine 1,2Dept of
Mechanical Engineering 2Assistant Professor, 1,2Anjuman college of Engineering and Technology Nagpur, Maharashtra,
India SEPTEMBER 2017.

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