EE202A Signals and Systems Monday, April 21, 2014

KAIST, Spring 2014 Handout #

Midterm

Name: SOLUTION

Student ID number:

• You have 110 minutes to complete the exam.

• Write all answers in this booklet. Answers written elsewhere will not be graded. Both
Korean and English are allowed.

• This is a closed-book exam except for three A4 sheets that are allowed.

• There are 4 problems on the exam, not necessarily of equal value.

• The problems are not necessarily in order of difficulty.

• A correct answer does not guarantee full credit and a wrong answer does not guarantee
loss of credit. You should concisely indicate your reasoning and show all relevant work.
The grade on each problem is based on our judgement of your level of understanding
as reflected by what you have written.

• If we can’t read it, we can’t grade it.

Problem Score

#1 /30

#2 /20

#3 /20

#4 /30

Total /100

1
Problem M.1

(a) Compute and simplify δ[n − 1] ∗ δ[n − 3] ∗ δ[n − 5] ∗ (−1)n u[n] ∗ δ[n + 8] + (−1)n u[n].

(b) Consider a continuous-time LTI system with ∫impulse response h(t) such that
∞
H(j(−ω)) = H(jω) for all ω, where H(jω) = −∞ h(t)e−jωt dt. Show that cos ω0 t
is an eigenfunction of this LTI system. Find an LTI system where cos ω0 t is not an
eigenfunction.

(c) Consider the difference equation

1
y[n] − y[n − 1] = x[n].
2
Assuming the condition of initial rest (i.e., if x[n] = 0 for n < n0 , then y[n] = 0 for
n < n0 ), find the output y[n] when the input x[n] = αn u[n]. (Hint: First consider
the case α ̸= 21 and then the case α = 12 .)

Answer:

(a) δ[n − 1] ∗ δ[n − 3] ∗ δ[n − 5] ∗ (−1)n u[n] ∗ δ[n + 8] + (−1)n u[n].

= δ[n − 1] ∗ δ[n − 3] ∗ δ[n − 5] ∗ δ[n + 8] ∗ (−1)n u[n] + (−1)n u[n]

= δ[n − 1 − 3 − 5 + 8] ∗ (−1)n u[n] + (−1)n u[n]

= δ[n − 1] ∗ (−1)n u[n] + (−1)n u[n]

= (−1)n−1 u[n − 1] + (δ[n] + (−1)n u[n − 1])

= (−1)n−1 u[n − 1] + δ[n] + (−1)(−1)n−1 u[n − 1]

= δ[n]

2
(b) x(t) = cos ω0 t = 21 ejω0 t + 21 e−jω0 t

y(t) = 12 H(jω0 )ejω0 t + 21 H(−jω0 )e−jω0 t

= 21 H(jω0 )ejω0 t + 21 H(jω0 )e−jω0 t

= H(jω0 )( 21 ejω0 t + 21 e−jω0 t )

= H(jω0 ) cos ω0 t

ex) h(t) = δ(t − To ), y(t) = cosω0 (t − T0 )

if T0 = T4 , then y(t) = cosω0 (t − T4 ) ̸= λ cosω0 (t)

1n
(c) h(n) = 2
u[n], x(n) = αn u[n], y(n) = x[n] ∗ h[n]

∑n
i > α ̸= 21 , y[n] = k=0 αk ( 21 )n−k

∑n ∑n
= ( 12 )n k=0 αk 2k = ( 21 )n k=0 (2α)
k

n+1
= ( 21 )n 1−(2α)
1−2α

= 1
( 1 )n
1−2α 2
− 2α
1−2α
αn

∑n
ii > α = 12 , y[n] = 1 n
k=0 ( 2 ) = ( 12 )n (n + 1)

3
Problem M.2

(a) A system S1 has the relationship

∑
∞
y[n] = x[k]g[n + k]
k=−∞

between its input x[n] and its output y[n] for g[n] = ( 21 )n u[n]. Is this system linear ?
Is this system TI ?

(b) A system S2 has the relationship

∑
∞
y[n] = x[k]g[−n + k]
k=−∞

between its input x[n] and its output y[n] for some g[n]. Is this system linear ? Is
this system TI ?

Answer:

(a) (10 points)

First, we check the linearity as follows:
∑
∞
x1 [n] → y1 [n] = x1 [k]g[n + k]
k=−∞

∑
∞
x2 [n] → y2 [n] = x2 [k]g[n + k]
k=−∞

∑
∞
ax1 [n] + bx2 [n] = x3 [n] → y3 [n] = x3 [k]g[n + k]
k=−∞
∑∞
= (ax1 [k] + bx2 [k])g[n + k]
k=−∞
∑∞
= (ax1 [k]g[n + k] + bx2 [k]g[n + k])
k=−∞
∑∞ ∑
∞
=a x1 [k]g[n + k] + b x2 [k]g[n + k]
k=−∞ k=−∞

= ay1 [n] + by2 [n]

Thus, the system is linear. (5 points)

4
 To check the time invariance, assume x[n] = δ[n]. Then,

∑
∞
x1 [n] = δ[n] → y1 [n] = δ[k]g[n + k]
k=−∞

= g[n]

∑
∞
x2 [n] = x1 [n − 1] = δ[n − 1] → y2 [n] = δ[k − 1]g[n + k]
k=−∞

= g[n + 1]
̸= y1 [n − 1]

Note that y1 [n − 1] = g[n − 1]. Thus, the system is time variant. (5 points)
(b) (10 points)
Let h[n] := g[−n] so that g[−n + k] = h[n − k]. Then

∑
∞ ∑
∞
y[n] = x[k]g[−n + k] = x[k]h[n − k]
k=−∞ k=−∞

Since the right side of the above formula is a convolution of x[n] and h[n], it is
straightforward to conclude that the system is LTI. (10 point)
Alternatively, the linearity and time invariance can also be checked in a step-by-step
way. We first check the linearity as follows:

∑
∞
x1 [n] → y1 [n] = x1 [k]h[n − k]
k=−∞
∑∞
x2 [n] → y2 [n] = x2 [k]h[n − k]
k=−∞

∑
∞
ax1 [n] + bx2 [n] = x3 [n] → y3 [n] = x3 [k]h[n − k]
k=−∞
∑∞
= (ax1 [k] + bx2 [k])h[n − k]
k=−∞
∑∞
= (ax1 [k]h[n − k] + bx2 [k]h[n − k])
k=−∞
∑∞ ∑
∞
=a x1 [k]h[n − k] + b x2 [k]h[n − k]
k=−∞ k=−∞

= ay1 [n] + by2 [n]

5
Thus, the system is linear. (5 points)
We check the time invariance as follows:

∑
∞
x1 [n] → y1 [n] = x1 [k]h[n − k]
k=−∞

∑
∞
x1 [n − n0 ] = x2 [n] → y2 [n] = x2 [k]h[n − k]
k=−∞
∑∞
= x1 [k − n0 ]h[n − k]
k=−∞
∑∞
= x1 [k1 ]h[n − n0 − k1 ]
k=−∞

= y1 [n − n0 ]

where k1 := k − n0 . Thus, the system is time invariant. (5 points)

6
Problem M.3

(a) Consider a discrete-time LTI system with impulse response

{ 1
6
, 1≤n≤6
h[n] = .
0, otherwise
When the input x[n] is given by
{ 1
6
,1≤n≤6
x[n] = ,
0, otherwise
find the output y[n].
(b) Consider
∑∞ a discrete-time LTI
∑∞ system with ∑ impulse response h[n] such that
∞
n=−∞ h[n] = 1. Show that n=−∞ y[n] = 1 if n=−∞ x[n] = 1.

Answer:

(a) (10 points)


∑
∞ ∑6  n−1
, 2≤n≤7
1 36
y[n] = x[n] ∗ h[n] = x[k] h[n − k] = h[n − k] = 13−n
, 8 ≤ n ≤ 12
6  36
k=−∞ k=1 0, otherwise.

- Any computational mistakes get 3 points discount.

(b) (10 points)

∑
∞ ∑
∞ ∑
∞
y[n] = x[k] h[n − k] (+3 points)
n=−∞ n=−∞ k=−∞
∑∞ ∑∞ ∑
∞ ∑
∞
= x[k] h[n − k], since x[n], h[n] are finite,
k=−∞ n=−∞ n=−∞ n=−∞
∑∞ ∑∞
= x[k] h[n − k]
k=−∞ n=−∞
∑∞ ∑∞
= x[k] h[m], by letting m = n − k,
k=−∞ m=−∞
∑∞
= x[k] = 1. (+10 points)
k=−∞

- Any resonable arguments for the commutative relation get full points.

7
Problem M.4
We have a series interconnection of four LTI systems as shown in the figure below.

The four LTI systems, S1 , S2 , S3 , and S4 , have the corresponding impulse responses
h1 (t), h2 (t), h3 (t), and h4 (t), where each system has the following characteristic:

• S1 : h1 (t) = δ(t) + 0.1δ(t − 1)

∫∞
• S2 : The eigenvalue H2 (jω) = −∞
h2 (t)e−jωt dt for the eigenfunction ejωt is given by
{
1, |w| < 5π
16
H2 (jω) =
0, otherwise
∑∞
• S3 : h3 (t) = δ(t − k)
k=0 (−0.1)
k

∫∞
• S4 : The eigenvalue H4 (jω) = −∞ h4 (t)e−jωt dt for the eigenfunction ejωt is given by
{
1, |w| > 3π
16
H4 (jω) =
0, otherwise

(a) Draw graphs of h1 (t), H2 (jω), h3 (t), and H4 (jω).

(b) Now consider a periodic square wave with fundamental period T which is defined
over one period as {
1, |t| < T1
x(t) =
0, T1 < |t| < T /2,
and determine the corresponding system output y(t), when T = 16 and T1 = 2 for
the input x(t).

8
Answer:

(a)

(b) ∑ ∑∞
h1 ∗ h3 = ∞ k=0 (−0.1) δ(t − k) + 0.1
k
k=0 (−0.1) δ(t − k − 1)
k

= δ(t)

if 3π
16
< |kw0 | < 5π
16
H2 (jkw0 )H4 (jkw0 ) = 1
otherwise 0

y(t) = a2 ej2w0 t + a−2 e−j2w0 t

1
a2 = a−2 = 2π , w0 = π8

∴ y(t) = ( π1 )cos( π4 t)