Pb(NO3)2

SYSTEMATIC SIMPLE SALT ANALYSIS - 1
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Colour Colourless May be due to Pb2+
Al3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Sr2+& Mg2+
2 Smell : Noted the smell of the No specific odour is noted Absence of NH4+
salt CH3COO-,S2-
3 Appearance Crystalline Solid May be due to Cl- , Br-, CH3COO-
SO42-& NO3-
4 Solubility : A pinch of the Soluble May be due to presence of Cl-, Br-,

sample is taken in a test tube CH3COO-- , SO42-& NO3--
and shaken with 2ml of water
5 Action of Heat : A small Descrepitation occurs, Presence of NO3-

amount of sample is taken in a Reddish brown gas turning
dry test tube & heated strongly Ferrous sulphate solution
black is evolved.
6 Flame Test : A pinch of the

sample was taken in a watch No characteristic flame is Absence of Cu2+, Ba2+, Ca2+& Sr2+
glass & 2 drops of Conc Hcl observed.
was added to make a paste of it.
Then the paste is shown on the
flame with a help of glass rod.
7 Ash Test : To a small portion of No characteristic coloured ash May be the absence of Al3+, Zn2+, &Mg2+
salt solution, 1 ml of Co(No3)2
and 1 drop of conc HNO3
were added. A filter paper was
soaked in this solution and
burnt to ashes.
SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE FOR SIMPLE SALT ANIONS

1. Conc H2SO4Test :
To a pinch of salt 1 ml of Evolution of brown fumes which
Conc H2SO4 was added and when passed through FeSO4
heated. solution , it turns black. Presence of NO3-
3 BaCl2Test : To the salt

solution, 2 ml of BaCl2 No characteristic precipitate is Absence of SO42-
Solution was added. obtained
4 Ester test : Take a pinch of

salt in a dry test tube and add No characteristic smell is Absence of CH3COO-
to it 1 ml of Conc H2So4and observed.
4-5 drops of ethyl alcohol .
Heat the contents of the test
tube and smell.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANIONS

1 Confirmatory test for Nitrate: No3-
Brown Ring Test: A dark brown ring is formed at Presence of NO3- is confirmed.
To the aqueous solution of the salt the junction of the two layers.
add freshly prepared FeSo4
solution and shake well. Then add
Con H2SO4along the sides of the
test tube.
Copper turning test : To a pinch of A reddish brown gas evolved Presence of NO3- is confirmed.
salt, small amount of copper which turns FeSO4solution black
turnings and 1 ml of
Conc H2SO4were added and
heated strongly.
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

1 Test for zero group cations :
NaOHTest : To a small quantity Absence of NH4+

of the given salt, 1 ml of NaOH No characteristic smell is
solution was added and warmed. observed.
2 Confirmatory Test : (Nessler’s
reagent test): To a small amount
of given salt, 1 ml of NaOH Brown precipitate was not Presence of NH4+
solution was added and warmed, obtained
to the above mixture 1 ml of
Nessler’s reagent was added.
PREPARATION OF SALT SOLUTION
 A small amount of the salt was dissolved in 5 ml of water.
GROUP IDENTIFICATION

1 Test for Group I cation: White precipitate Presence of Group-I cation
To 1 ml of the salt solution, 1 ml
of dil. HCl was added
2 Test for Group II cation:
To the above mixture of group I, No characteristic change Absence of Group-II cation
H2S gas was passed
3 Test for Group IIIcation:
To 1 ml of salt solution, 1 ml of No characteristic change Absence of Group-III cation
each NH4Cl & NH4OH solutions
were added
4 Test for Group IVcation:
To the above mixture of Group III, No characteristic change Absence of Group-IV cation
H2S gas was passed.
5 Test for Group Vcation:
To1 ml of salt solution, 1ml of No characteristic change Absence of Group-V cation
each NH4Cl, NH4OH & (NH4)2CO3
solutions were added.
6 Test for Group VIcation:
To1 ml of salt solution, 1 ml of No characteristic change Absence of Group-VI cation
each NH4Cl, NH4OH & Na2HPO4
solution was added.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR CATIONS
Analysis of Group I cation (Pb2+)

1 To 1 ml of the salt solution , White precipitate Presence of Pb2+confirmed
1 ml of dil. H2SO4 was added.
2 To 1 ml of the salt solution , Bright yellow precipitate Presence of Pb2+ confirmed

1 ml of K2CrO4solution was
added.
3 To 1 ml of the salt solution , Yellow precipitate Presence of Pb2+ confirmed
1 ml of Kl solution was added. (which dissolved on heating &
reappeared as golden yellow
spangles on cooling)
RESULT:
The given simple salt contains:
(i) Anion : Nitrate
(ii) Cation : Lead
Salt = Leadnitrate

Pb(NO3)2

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SYSTEMATIC SIMPLE SALT ANALYSIS - 1

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

4 Solubility : A pinch of the Soluble May be due to presence of Cl-, Br-,

5 Action of Heat : A small Descrepitation occurs, Presence of NO3-

6 Flame Test : A pinch of the

SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE FOR SIMPLE SALT ANIONS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

3 BaCl2Test : To the salt

4 Ester test : Take a pinch of

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANIONS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

NaOHTest : To a small quantity Absence of NH4+

 A small amount of the salt was dissolved in 5 ml of water.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

2 To 1 ml of the salt solution , Bright yellow precipitate Presence of Pb2+ confirmed

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