CH2.

:- CONTROL ANDCODRDINATION

NERVOuS sysTEMIN HUMANS CONTRUL

CONTROL IN PLANTS

ENDOCRINE
PLANT
SYSTEM IN PNINALS
HORMO NES
coorRDINATIer

INTRODUCTONs

Noeme ts are one ct the imprtant chasucte.

-cfewistis of ling onganisms. Ail plaityanhyale
and luing organisms Shoo morernents. They te
ca togizedintn tio ypes. They ana ia
MoYEMÉN S
GiRLsth 31ovements Non qeh
CHuasan Betrgs) novements
Plaunteh i(aninal).
EPlants.
Ex-Goth ot Et: folding and
(lant qeminsBfng seed Gftouh
droapime nnotg plants.
E Ovexall47outh of
a humay wrt
focre ase in the
anddog
Playlog insang
hetght Cod cheusiog by
Cous
 er

STIMUL[
he chages n he envisoomant to ohich He
o1g niSmsnespond and aact ane callad shirgu
(Sinqulaot Stimulu)
Co-ORDI NATION; -
the worting tògether of vaou, orqans f hebody
of an organmg in a prope mamedt to produce
propen a}tacfiontowads &hmuus is caled.
Coordinahon.
HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
The functon of he human neVOLS Sysferm ato
Hecpest. to shmuli and pavidk Communicatèn

|Zhe cels of the neruaus Bystemae branhed

and axstanFemtntd inthe foxnmgfoetaort.o
eRy esahe Coronaunication
Cell TcsueTTssue Sys termorgan.
[Neusen Nevos
LAeavecell ssue systern
 CAT#

Nerveus System.

CNS PNS
Centr Nevous system Penipheral Aervou
System
Brain Spiral
Cord
neves
Autznom
(nemes eusg
frem Bran)
erves
Systen
Spínalnenves.
('neres aie.
Rezepioreul
Gann Spinallord)
Sympateicho Paa
keryoAe Sqpatie
Syatarncot)
SIRUCTURE OF NEORON
indate
-NissAU ucdeu
She
(a(p
t ,d s .

Neve
Eedngs
ptroducton Nouron 0t Nerve cell the Struch-
and functonal of NeYUDw,
System is the
ani00c) longestell in the hurnan becy- Jt
eeyes and transmits.he nerve impulses
Components of Neuron
J
cell -body or Cyton Dendrite Axon Axonter
-minala

all body orcontains

lyton Iti s He man padt of
neuxo. It Nucleus and haye
Lqanule called Níssil asankuala ndA IEeantak
sanaa and
-n
cyton
Dendrite JtYs branche t trarAMits the
nexve inpule s and acÉeves i.hey tranumit iagulke
AxonEisprotecad by Sehuann cells Axon et
te helps in tae popest ranmttion Itis
SusthORnded by Qperial cellsc alled schusann
cells fey protect the axona ltiscoiexed by
a Spectal lay called myclin Sheathtr
made out of pids and ats as a shack.
absorbeh andinohesisu0 Hhoeis no de ui aten

Axn tesuninala
he axon sen ds he nerye mpulae te
terminal or nermeendngs.
 They haveia knobtke endBng da.
brarched and ane called enaph
synaphi Krebs
ecieve the neve ômpulse frm
Arand transmits it to the
He next nduonvia uncien calon t denate
Synape
QDffesenitfate Derdritea and Axpna 1
Dendritea Axon
Theu aHC Short and hey aelong and bave
haye tappening ends tunifomilend
Thê number of detdae)A stngeAcog. Aise
Laxice diracty faom th Faom te dfschasging end
cievëng Sunface ofof he cell body:

(r The ends tappered andltr)

oo
The tesénin al bsandhes
it dos iot shasei Krobsatfearh 'axonienamgd
dthe teimninalstsa tofosin krobsat

CGul They cenfa~n plsih eianuek iu hey donct contain

gianuslo.
t They aquirei Sensatena Thesccarny nene im
OT stimuliar send the ulges fram the
nene impukes to the. cel body
cell body. y
 DrEERENTIYPE OF NEURONS.
AeixonS. ase clausffed on the Basis of ranam
-hon of nerve npulse that they
perform hey
SENSORY NEURDN
IThey recieve shmulus from the diffesent
ells in he Sense cIqans via dendnites ad saceptos
He nerve impulser tousords the transmt
Cerstal nervbuc
lGistero thatis Bran andspinal cord thraugh thet
Axong

DThermo Recepans SKinna

Olfactous A0ce pBore.-Ncse.
I)Gustatous taste +Tonue
) Phot-Vston -Eye
u) Phigno- SounduEaasin

Motox NeuTon-The NeuOns hcd Coy he

in-foxmoatan farm he bau'n.
to muscle and ting back
Hne ntormaton fommusce
Ey' lt fs aVeluntorymore
-ment Haat attourg tHne
sfanal trom bron tonore
VIuscle nhand/leg
Lnternaeons- Relay neuTorS. Thy Cuzy he
nfomaHon Fromsansoy_neton and tastex
it to herAdox naarers. nd tansferif ta the
motas eron,veverse.
 Synapse
Toente Connunfeate e impal,
nfonaton oh eath ole yougha
énding aontemaa!
of one nawons and Hhe dcendh tde of h
next neunk called Synapse
a) When the eecc fopudse eAches.
e axon endigs,it sels off he elease f
oet an chemcal mesc enqexs called
Neusobans mitles

Synaptte Ves&cles.in he synaptit kh.

at tmnsms the. nfomaton to the
denrle of the next. neDons
Neuso-nmuscular tube

’ Axorn termad.

vad le.

Neuro::
musua MuScle.
Jencteg

Blond Crpllesie.
Neuo ruso
Maten the mpulse from He neuren is transntie
h the els such as muscle cels,a speialie
peialie
Neuro musehy
syse Caled
Called eusD musculas jucHon appars
) The neuio frarsimitters each the muscle
frbres and passes across thece) -membrase
of Hae muscle Cousing ts movement
The simplesi form of esponse ia the neyous
Susterm Ts Reflex action H is hapid at
automaic involutasy to Qar a'stf mulus
uDatch s not wdehe voluntauy contro<
of the braln The path folo woed ay
Zmpulse ln the Refle Actn 2s called
Reflex Arc
|Closinq of the eyesukan flashed ofHiat
stranqaht.
Dflator of eye pupil Loven
okan wesep
we se conne
filisg astonshig.
Pallv backaf he hand shene touch
ahot sabject
Mechanam of RefMex Aeton
A9e flex Are cansfsts af the folc utnq
posts
PRecepios-Thexmo eceptore.oN the skin
Jerieyes he simulu ond initiate a
Sehsory neve innpuse
a ensory fiexont: I+
cord nene.
conducts sensoyinpuse
o the Spirol
a) Mlor wuYon Condctor he
n the foechMus cle) mpitlee

Reciee's, e tmpad frorn he tnotr nelue

and qive he gesooSe
Rcepturs

Effettos MOtor
neuro
Qhstreflex ack eield In Anhnta)
The eflex accs have evolved anisbeout
He thinkingfrcess of h
neuiOn netuak neededor thtny Hhte oe
Aeftexaas have evclved au etfiecient oy
huncioning in the ahscenze of yue
Hougkt procease.

The Humon Bran Pattot Cental Neros

Sudenn
Fore Brauin
MdBajaHndBrain.
Cerebrur. "Pons
-ohfactoy lobek. Ce~gbe llurn
pieuncephalon " Medulla
Thalaunu oblogh.
Gerebmuro
-Catium
Cskul)
FoR Brain,
Md
Ban

Poyglrd
Sedule
Bra cevebe u
 AN A

The Brait is Hhe main organ ot inkirqand

it controlle al the actions. of Hhe hmAn
body
1t fs the main thinking pood of tha brain
a ltcontains cerebrm, olfocton,obes, haar
ord the Hypohalamu.
a)Cebsum.
T+s the larqet pat of he fore brain
ontsts of aht and left henispkore tnDuon
as kenebtal nemsphee Jtenables us to.
Hinkpland memorigeand otl paoer
Contol all the uoluntasy acfors

tt conthols thd ioluntaey functúans tko

Aunges, at, hody tempeatue,et. tt acty
as a compley nermostatltacts a the
Bneportant 4ak betaeen inevBus Syshem
and endocine System by e
uleasiaq and mklkihng
lka) (exebeluma.
Second laxqest paxtduam uhich is
aloscalledstt beasm ts Hesponsfhle
tox prescisiom c volunday actfams Jt
helps in mantinence. o quillbaiumm amd

Stxaiah+ne
tt modiates volunt¡y acH¡n nita
CBMEbsa hemphexe
ayesRespYkatok ammiatesiat
d MOSte
Chamge asoxhek shack asactg Lamd
seues
as coud spinálBrafnand
eueen þuesent ud bpinal GaCexebuns
onjuyAmechaeal om Qustect
uctues bens These colunan wxtbial
een Aes coMd qpinat hile OKamlum
alled Les baln box koy fhe dnsice Ans
tssueqds exjcous nfhe daes Albul
telaafemf Contwactfom
amd Vessels
(secueton
cemisdCHeast
sbeat) ceutheSalivay
caxdiae 'eq->
the offumctong
q
contuos
dhe body Jt
stem byaln
bed aso s oblongeto
dt ’ Medula
med1ula uth along tlom
Megulaieno inpvut taks ->t Pong
 Hop4orE IN AAIMAL

Centrol- Nervous,
Co-ovdiaaf-Hermenhhninala
Hotnores in Animal

Cheín nesengou

(G) Hormnoneg cye non- nucleinthormir al

Substaies acreated by Specialiced gland
called erdocrine qlanda
t) They co vrdinatt the actinies ct organin
by actina as chemical messenge.
(iG galease
The endocsine qlauds ane ducttesc
HheiaecreationS.or Hormones
and
diacty ~nto he blood tream.
Differentate betoeen neuralconto)
and Mormmonal contol?
Nesal Control Hoymonal Contrel
( Achon usually MapdAchon wsally is.
Slouo

() Cffect&f mesask is Efedof message usual

fost ad eftat Iauts bsts forr long petdl ej
fos vouy sprt perftd|frre.
 mess
anCalled.
hormen
hough
by eblocd
Stream releasiag
6f of
Regulated
Csine
alarcs to
cente gland Tnhibrtag
portion
q ducei
pitutasy
Rormone
NVes() Sent specialised
coordinatn Homone
ofNormones
tleciie
pro Rr)
kames
Erarotin
ioepuiie
along
the tt GHRH-Grooh
shimulate
Grouh
bsy Systenda h Systen,
Endocrime
0gulatec & is
NEuehalamuy
hlch
Synapse. Homones
andocrine kormen,:-GHI2
1ts Binin
Eqz t-
 (F ()
Magnesum. (OHZhyzel () becaseman f (id
Gland'd qroush
stunted(e) /) hnesetleads
cC excess éther
hat crdersD's luncttoning of
hypobolara belowhe
ypotyodisn
loo-efon
lack Excess dusing Lact thaprot )
helps
s
of. SeceWon' fn of alled
lodine chlld rleas d
Metabolks secretfon excos5fo qlond
hood the
leads e
Rypat Jeode f Adrenal
qlad () e
naster
of GH endocine
qord
they
hoMon
tortn
to efn groth qtoh
Goie. yot caleiun to teade erdaine
ism doasften
horrnoIe boly cf io
ad. Eyat
l
 asd Bnseases Eocrn
mus Ps
Rlcod Blood o tike aland,if
vessele hlocd Inuli
knoon EndocrineHho digee
of
Slelefa
presSe kese
Adrenalire.increaseg
renaline Diversionot
Blocd isCOtácton te Mixedpancreate
puice
ncatates
to to ales
faa crne
cupply
Vasoconatricone fleo a eke
qlard
Ad Blops Exo
secretes blocd and Endoc
Gland
Gla
Wrenal Adrenal placeoheseehe PanCrea
Blocc
contoact honae
2when
ess
inCreases PasceaA Endocatne
Ohich The and sand
bte The 2)
D ) D
 ()hen 6lucose increel eInsulin
Convegds fnto
indo Gycogn Mipk glutase
ses tho ameunt ok sugn
decr

8o-120 is he noTMal Inulin

QHoo axe te sugau level massagendia

the body2
Ana ypothalama
aNome stais Ralance StaHe ctte in.
ae Bodysouql foedb ack mechanism
MCreoendocrinal
6 The eomponost
insulin and Gueagen ualch
mointain constat Sugase
Land stable levela
e)in Noxmal tuin an
) when &ugas levela dseehigh ie atter
food cosumptioy.
(a) The ypothalarau Detects Hhe
Hioh &uga9e levela and d ire ctr
toptutayoland loy sealeaaiag
honones tofntheH diseo ctpat
to gleaue insulRa
(2) The body uhlisex uquied qcog
glycogen y uulin
aa kack o noNrmal
lhe sfose , Suga levela
te) wohen stgat levela avu tooretefore
fecel conernplion
)Hypothalamus, Deteckc the towSug
lewela and directs piBitaday hrcg
LAS CInibiting hoymone) hal Pothn
d'ects puncxe a4 to inktbit the.
Cecretton oflnlln
(2) PancrLA Secreles Glucagon o ich
breaks the stored into gu
-Cose Thesufoxe guicose led ate