Training Report

on
PYTHON PROGRAMMING

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements For the award of the
degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING)

Submitted By
ROHIT
2823411
Batch:
2023-2027

Panipat Institute of Engineering &

Technology, (Affiliated to Kurukshetra University
Kurukshetra, India) Samalkha, Panipat
(Session 2023-2027)
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in this training report entitled
“PYTHON PROGRAMMING”, submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING, submitted to
Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Kurukshetra
University, Kurukshetra, India is an authentic record of my own work
carried out during the period from 1July,2024 to 30July,2024 under the
guidance of Mrs NITIKA CHAWLA

The work reported in this project report has not been submitted by me for the award of
any other degree or diploma.

Student’s name- Rohit

Roll No.- 2823411
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the summer training report entitled “PYTHON PROGRAMMING”
done by ROHIT, Roll No. 2823411 is an authentic work carried out by him at
SkillifyME under my guidance. The matter embodied in this training title/ project work
has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of
my knowledge and belief.

Company Mentor Name: Mr Rashit Aggarwal

Designation : Director , skillifyMe
 Acknowledgement

It is our proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the kind of help and guidance
received from several people in preparation of this report. It would not have been
possible to prepare this report in this form without their valuable help,
cooperation and guidance.

First and foremost, we wish to record our sincere gratitude to Prof., Mrs NITIKA
CHAWLA for her constant support and encouragement in preparation of this
report and for making available library and laboratory facilities needed to
prepare this report.

The seminar on “Python” was very helpful to us in giving the necessary background
information and inspiration in choosing this topic for the seminar. Their
contributions and technical support in preparing this report are greatly
acknowledged.

Last but not the least, we wish to thank our parents for financing our studies in
this college as well as for constantly encouraging us to learn engineering. Their
personal sacrifice in providing this opportunity to learn engineering is gratefully
acknowledgement.
 Table Of Contents

Introduction

1.1 Python1-2

1.2 Scripting Language 2-

3

1.3 Object Oriented Programming3-3

1.4 History of python 3-

4

1.5 Behind the Scene of Python 5-

5

Downloading & Installing Python

2.1 Downloading Python 6-
7

2.2 Installing Python 8-

10

2.3 Setup path of variable

10-11

2.4 Running The Python IDE

12-13

2.5 Python code Execution

13-13

Data Types & Operator

3.1 Data Type
14-15
3.2 Variables
15-15

3.3 String
15-16

3.4 Python Operator

16-17

3.4.1 Arithmetic Operator

17-17
 3.4.2 Comparison Operator
17-18

Tuple & List

4.1 Tuple 18-20

4.1.1 Accessing Tuple Values 18-18

4.1.2 Built in Operation

18-19

4.1.3 Built in Touple Functions

19-19

4.2 List 20-23

4.2.1 Accessing
List Values 20-21

4.2.2 Built in
Operation 21-21

4.2.3 Built in
Functions 21-21

Loops & Conditional Statements

5.1 Loops 21-26

5.1.1 Loops
Definition 21-22

5.1.2 Loops
Example 22-23

5.2 Conditional Statement 23-23

5.21Conditional Statement Definition 23-23

5.2.2 Conditional Statement Example 24-25

5.3 Function 25-25

 5.3.1 Syntax &
Examples 25-26

Uses & Scope of python.

6.1 What can we do With Python? 26-26

6.2 Who Uses Python Today? 27-27

6.3 Why do People use python? 27-27
Python

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic

programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and
its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than
would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides
constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented,

imperative and functional programming or procedural styles. It features a
dynamic type system and automatic memory management and has a large and
comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for installation
on many operating systems, allowing Python code execution on a wide variety of
systems.

Scripting Language

A scripting or script language is a programming language that supports

scripts, programs written for a special run-time environment that automate
the execution of tasks that could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a
human operator.

Scripting languages are often interpreted (rather than compiled). Primitives are
usually the elementary tasks or API calls, and the language allows them to be
combined into more complex programs. Environments that can be automated
through scripting include software applications, web pages within a web browser,
the shells of operating systems (OS), embedded systems, as well as numerous
games.

A scripting language can be viewed as a domain-specific language for a

particular environment; in the case of scripting an application, this is also
known as an extension language. Scripting languages are also sometimes
referred to as very high-level programming languages, as they operate at
a high level of abstraction, or as control languages.
Object Oriented Programming Language

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the

concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known
as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. A
distinguishing feature of objects is that an object's procedures can access and
often modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated
(objects have a notion of "this" or "self").

In OO programming, computer programs are designed by making them out of

objects that interact with one another. There is significant diversity in
objectoriented programming, but most popular languages are class-based,
meaning that objects are instances of classes, which typically also determines
their type.

History

Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in
December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor
to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and
interfacing with the Amoeba operating system. Van Rossum is Python's principal
author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is
reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, benevolent dictator
for life (BDFL).
“Python is an experiment in how much freedom
programmers need. Too much freedom and nobody
can read another's code; too little and expressiveness
is endangered.”

- Guido van Rossum

Behind The Scene of Python

About the origin of Python, Van Rossum wrote in 1996:

Over six years ago, in December 1989, I was looking for a "hobby"
programming project that would keep me occupied during the week around
Christmas. My office ... would be closed, but I had a home Computer, and not
much else on my hands. I decided to write an interpreter for the new scripting
language I had been thinking about lately: a descendant of ABC that would appeal
to Unix/C hackers. I chose Python as a working title for the project, being in a
slightly irreverent mood (and a big fan of Monty Python's Flying Circus).

Downloading python

If you don’t already have a copy of Python installed on your computer, you will
need to open up your Internet browser and go to the Python download page
(http://www.python.org/download/).

Now that you are on the download page, select which of the software builds
you would like to download. For the purposes of this article we will use the
most up to date version available (Python 3.4.1).
Once you have clicked on that, you will be taken to a page with a description of
all the new updates and features of 3.4.1, however, you can always read that
while the download is in process. Scroll to the bottom of the page till you find the
“Download” section and click on the link that says “download page.”

Now you will scroll all the way to the bottom of the page and find the
“Windows x86 MSI installer.” If you want to download the 86-64 bit MSI,
feel free to do so. We believe that even if you have a 64-bit operating
system installed on your computer, the 86-bit MSI is preferable. We
say this because it will still run well and sometimes, with the 64- bit
architectures, some of the compiled binaries and Python libraries don’t
work well.
Installing Python

Once you have downloaded the Python MSI, simply navigate to the
download location on your computer, double clicking the file and pressing
Run when the dialog box pops up.

If you are the only person who uses your computer, simply leave the
“Install for all users” option selected. If you have multiple accounts on
your PC and don’t want to install it across all accounts, select the “Install
just for me” option then press “Next.”
f you want to change the install location, feel free to do so; however, it is
best to leave it as is and simply select next, Otherwise...
Scroll down in the window and find the “Add Python.exe to Path” and click
on the small red “x.” Choose the “Will be installed on local hard drive”
option then press “Next.”

Now that you have completed the installation process, click on “Finish.
Setup the Path Variable

Begin by opening the start menu and typing in “environment” and

select the option called “Edit the system environment variables.”

When the “System Properties” window appears, click on “Environment

Variables…”

Once you have the “Environment Variables” window open, direct your
focus to the bottom half. You will notice that it controls all the “System
Variables” rather than just this associated with your user. Click on
“New…” to create a new variable for Python.
Simply enter a name for your Path and the code shown below. For

the purposes of this example we have installed Python 2.7.3, so we

will call the path: “Pythonpath.” The string that you will need to enter

is: “C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts;”
Running The Python IDE

Now that we have successfully completed the installation process and

added our “Environment Variable,” you are ready to create your first
basic Python script. Let’s begin by opening Python’s GUI by pressing
“Start” and typing “Python” and selecting the “IDLE (Python GUI).”

Once the GUI is open, we will begin by using the simplest directive
possible. This is the “print” directive which simply prints whatever you
tell it to, into a new line. Start by typing a print directive like the one
shown in the image below or copy and paste this text then press

“Enter”: print (“Congratulations on executing your first print directive!”)

Python Code Execution
Python’s traditional runtime execution model: source code you type is translated
to byte code, which is then run by the Python Virtual Machine. Your code is
automatically compiled, but then it is interpreted.

Source code extension is .py

Byte code extension is .pyc (compiled python code)

 Data Type

(this is called dynamic typing). Data types determine whether an object can do
something, or whether it just would not make sense. Other programming
languages often determine whether an operation makes sense for an object by
making sure the object can never be stored somewhere where the operation will
be performed on the object (this type system is called static typing). Python does
not do that. Instead it stores the type of an object with the object, and checks
when the operation is performed whether that operation makes sense for that
object

Python has many native data types. Here are the important ones:

Booleans are either True or False.

Numbers can be integers (1 and 2), floats (1.1 and 1.2), fractions (1/2 and 2/3), or even complex
numbers.

Strings are sequences of Unicode characters, e.g. an HTML document.

Bytes and byte arrays, e.g. a JPEG image file.

Lists are ordered sequences of values.

Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences of values.

Sets are unordered bags of values.

Variable

Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that
when you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.

Based on the data type of a variable, the interpreter allocates memory and decides what
can be stored in the reserved memory. Therefore, by assigning different data types to
variables, you can store integers, decimals or characters in these variables.

Ex: counter = 100 # An

integer assignment miles = 1000.0 #A

floating point name = "John" # A string

String

In programming terms, we usually call text a string. When you think of a

string as a collection of letters, the term makes sense.

All the letters, numbers, and symbols in this book could

be a string. For that matter, your name could be a

string, and so could your address.

Creating Strings

In Python, we create a string by putting quotes around text. For example, we

could take our otherwise useless

• "hello"+"world" "helloworld" # concatenation

• "hello"*3 "hellohellohello" # repetition

• "hello"[0] "h" # indexing

• "hello"[-1] "o" # (from

end)
• "hello"[1:4] "ell # slicing
"
• len("hello") 5 # size

• "hello" < "jello" 1 #

comparison
• "e" in "hello" 1 # search

Python Operator

Arithmetic Operator

Operator
Meaning Example

+ Add two operands or unary plus x+y

+2

- Subtract right operand from the left or unary x-y

minus -2

* Multiply two operands x*y

/ Divide left operand by the right one (always x/y

results into float)
% Modulus - remainder of the division of left x%y
operand by the right (remainder of
x/y)

// Floor division - division that results into whole x // y

number adjusted to the left in the number line

** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of x**y (x to

right the power
y)

Comparison Operator

Cha
Tuples

A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just like lists.
The differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists
and tuples use parentheses.

Accessing Values in Tuples:

To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the
index or indices to obtain value available at that index. For example − tup1
= ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000); tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ); print
"tup1[0]: ", tup1[0] print "tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

tup1[0]: physics tup2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

Basic Tuples Operations

Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean
concatenation and repetition here too, except that the result is a new tuple,
not a string. In fact, tuples respond to all of the general sequence operations
we used on strings in the prior chapter
−

Python Expression Results Description

len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length

(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation

('Hi!',) * 4 ('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') Repetition

3 in (1, 2, 3) True Membership

for x in (1, 2, 3): print 123 Iteration

x,
Built-in Tuple Functions

Python includes the following tuple functions −

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(tuple1, tuple2) Compares elements of both tuples.

2 len(tuple) Gives the total length of the tuple.

3 max(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with max value.

4 min(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with min value.

5 tuple(seq) Converts a list into tuple.

List
The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which can be written as a
list of comma- separated values (items) between square brackets. Important
thing about a list is that items in a list need not be of the same type.
Creating a list is as simple as putting different comma-separated values
between square brackets. For example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry',
1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]; list3 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];

Similar to string indices, list indices start at 0, and lists can be sliced, concatenated and
so on.

Accessing Values in Lists:

To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index
or indices to obtain value available at that index. For example − list1 =
['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]; print "list1[0]: ",
list1[0] print "list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]
Output: list1[0]: physics

list2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

Update: list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000];

print "Value available at index 2 : " print list[2]

list[2] = 2001; print "New value available at index 2

: " print list[2]

Output: Value available at index 2 :

1997 New value available at index 2 :
2001

Delete: list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000];

print list1 del list1[2]; print "After deleting value at

index 2 : " print list1

['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]

Output: After deleting value at

index 2 : ['physics', 'chemistry',
2000]

Basic List Operation

Python Expression Results Description

len([1, 2, 3]) 3 Length

[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Concatenation

['Hi!'] * 4 ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!'] Repetition

3 in [1, 2, 3] True Membership

for x in [1, 2, 3]: print 123 Iteration

x,
Built-in List Functions & Methods:
SN Function with Description

1 cmp(list1, list2) Compares elements of both lists.

2 len(list) Gives the total length of the list.

3 max(list) Returns item from the list with max value.

4 min(list) Returns item from the list with min value.

5 list(seq) Converts a tuple into list.

Python includes following list methods

SN Methods with Description

1 list.append(obj) Appends object obj to list

2 list.count(obj) Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list

3 list.extend(seq) Appends the contents of seq to list

4 list.index(obj) Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears

5 list.insert(index, obj) Inserts object obj into list at offset index

6 list.pop(obj=list[-1]) Removes and returns last object or obj from list

7 list.remove(obj) Removes object obj from list

8 list.reverse() Reverses objects of list in place

9 list.sort([func]) Sorts objects of list, use compare func if given

Loop definition
Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more
complicated execution paths.

A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements

multiple times. The following diagram illustrates a loop statement −

> Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the x>y
right

< Less that - True if left operand is less than the right x<y

= Equal to - True if both operands are equal x

= ==
y
!= Not equal to - True if operands are not equal x !=
y

> Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater x

= than or equal to the right >=
y

< Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or +x

= equal to the right <=
y

Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle looping

requirements.

Loop Type Description

while loop Repeats a statement or group of statements while a
given condition is TRUE. It tests the condition before
executing the loop body.

for loop Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and

abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.

nested loops You can use one or more loop inside any another while,
for or do..while loop.

Loop Example:
For Loop:
>>> for mynum in [1, 2, 3, 4,

5]: print ("Hello", mynum )

Hello 1

Hello 2

Hello 3

Hello 4

Hello 5

While Loop:
>>> count = 0 >>while(count< 4):

print 'The count is:', count

count = count + 1

The count is: 0

The count is: 1

The count is: 2
The count is: 3
Conditional Statements:

Decision making is anticipation of conditions occurring while execution of the program

and specifying actions taken according to the conditions.
Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which produce TRUE or
FALSE as outcome. You need to determine which action to take and which
statements to execute if outcome is TRUE or FALSE otherwise.

Python programming language provides following types of decision making

statements. Click the following links to check their detail.

Statement Description

if statements An if statement consists of a boolean

expression followed by one or more
statements.

if...else statements An if statement can be followed by an optional

else statement, which executes when the
boolean expression is FALSE.

nested if statements You can use one if or else if

statement inside another if or else
if statement(s).
Example:
If Statement:
a=33
b=20
0
If b>a:

print(“b”)

If...Else Statement:
a=20
0
b=33
if b>a:
print(“b is greater than
a”) else:
print(“a is greater than b”)

Function

Function blocks begin with the keyword def followed by the function name and
parentheses ( ( )
).

Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within these

parentheses. You can also define parameters inside these parentheses.
The first statement of a function can be an optional statement - the documentation
string of the function.
The code block within every function starts with a colon (:) and is indented.

The statement return [expression] exits a function, optionally passing back an

expression to the caller. A return statement with no arguments is the same as return
None.

Syntex:
Def
functionname(parameters):
“function_docstring”
Function_suite
Return[expression]

Example:

Def printme(str):
“this print a passed string into this
function” print str
return
1. # Function definition is here def
printme( str ):
"This prints a passed string into this
function" print str return;

# Now you can call printme function printme("I'm first call

to user defined function!") printme("Again second
call to the same function")

SCOPE OF PYTHON

1 - Science
- Bioinformatics

2 - System Administration
- Unix

- Web logic

- Web sphere

3 - Web Application Development

What Can We do With Python?

1- System programming

2 - Graphical User
Interface Programming 3 -
Internet Scripting 4 -
Component Integration
5 - Database Programming
6 - Gaming, Images, XML , Robot and more
WHO USES PYTHON TODAY?
• Python is being applied in real revenue-generating products by real companies.
• Google makes extensive use of Python in its web search system, and
employs Python’s creator.
• Intel, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Seagate, Qualcomm, and IBM use Python for
hardware testing.
• ESRI uses Python as an end-user customization tool for its popular GIS mapping
products.

WHY DO PEOPLE USE PYTHON?

• The YouTube video sharing service is largely written in Python.

• Python is object-oriented o Structure supports such

concepts as polymorphism, operation overloading, and
multiple inheritance.
• Indentation o Indentation is one of the greatest future in Python.
• It's free (open source) o Downloading and installing Python
is free and easy o Source code is easily accessible
• It's powerful o Dynamic typing o Built-in types and tools o
Library utilities
o Third party utilities (e.g. Numeric, NumPy, SciPy) o
Automatic memory management
• It's portable o Python runs virtually every major platform
used today o As long as you have a compatible Python
interpreter installed, Python programs will run in exactly
the same manner, irrespective of platform.
 Conclusion
I believe the trial has shown conclusively that it is both possible and desirable
to use Python as the principal teaching language:

o It is Free (as in both cost and source code).

o It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing students to take their
interest further. For many the hurdle of installing a Pascal or C
compiler on a Windows machine is either too expensive or too
complicated;
o It is a flexible tool that allows both the teaching of traditional
procedural programming and modern OOP; It can be used to teach a
large number of transferable skills;
o It is a real-world programming language that can be and is used in
academia and the commercial world;
o It appears to be quicker to learn and, in combination with its
many libraries, this offers the possibility of more rapid student
development allowing the course to be made more challenging and
varied;
and most importantly, its clean syntax offers increased understanding and
enjoyment for students