Divisibility Test
Divisibility Test
As the name suggests, divisibility tests or division rules in Maths help one to check whether a number is divisible by another number
without the actual method of division. If a number is completely divisible by another number then the quotient will be a whole
number and the remainder will be zero.
Since every number is not completely divisible by every other number such numbers leave remainder other than zero. These rules
are certain ones, which help us to determine the actual divisor of a number just by considering the digits of the number.
Divisibility Rule of 1
Every number is divisible by 1. Divisibility rule for 1 doesn’t have any condition. Any number divided by 1 will give the number itself,
irrespective of how large the number is. For example, 3 is divisible by 1 and 3000 is also divisible by 1 completely.
Divisibility Rule of 2
If a number is even or a number whose last digit is an even number i.e. 2,4,6,8 including 0, it is always completely divisible by 2.
Example: 508 is an even number and is divisible by 2 but 509 is not an even number, hence it is not divisible by 2. Procedure to check
whether 508 is divisible by 2 or not is as follows:
Divisibility Rule of 4
If the last two digits of a number are divisible by 4, then that number is a multiple of 4 and is divisible by 4 completely.
Example: Take the number 2308. Consider the last two digits i.e. 08. As 08 is divisible by 4, the original number 2308 is also divisible by 4.
Divisibility Rule of 5
Numbers, which last with digits, 0 or 5 are always divisible by 5.
Example: 10, 10000, 10000005, 595, 396524850, etc.
Divisibility Rule of 6
Numbers which are divisible by both 2 and 3 are divisible by 6. That is, if the last digit of the given number is even and the sum of its digits is
a multiple of 3, then the given number is also a multiple of 6.
Example: 630, the number is divisible by 2 as the last digit is 0.
The sum of digits is 6+3+0 = 9, which is also divisible by 3.
Hence, 630 is divisible by 6.
Divisibility Rules for 7
From the rule stated remove 3 from the number and double it, which becomes 6.
Remaining number becomes 107, so 107-6 = 101.
Repeating the process one more time, we have 1 x 2 = 2.
Remaining number 10 – 2 = 8.
As 8 is not divisible by 7, hence the number 1073 is not divisible by 7.
Divisibility Rule of 8
If the last three digits of a number are divisible by 8, then the number is completely divisible by 8.
Example: Take number 24344. Consider the last two digits i.e. 344. As 344 is divisible by 8, the original number 24344 is also divisible by
8.
Divisibility Rule of 9
The rule for divisibility by 9 is similar to divisibility rule for 3. That is, if the sum of digits of the number is divisible by 9, then the number itself
is divisible by 9.
Example: Consider 78532, as the sum of its digits (7+8+5+3+2) is 25, which is not divisible by 9, hence 78532 is not divisible by 9.
Divisibility Rule of 10
Divisibility rule for 10 states that any number whose last digit is 0, is divisible by 10.
Example: 10, 20, 30, 1000, 5000, 60000, etc.
Group the alternative digits i.e. digits which are in odd places together and digits in even places together. Here 24 and 13 are two
groups.
Take the sum of the digits of each group i.e. 2+4=6 and 1+3= 4
Now find the difference of the sums; 6-4=2
If the difference is divisible by 11, then the original number is also divisible by 11. Here 2 is the difference which is not divisible by 11.
Therefore, 2143 is not divisible by 11.
A few more conditions are there to test the divisibility of a number by 11. They are explained here with the help of examples:
If the number of digits of a number is even, then add the first digit and subtract the last digit from the rest of the number.
Example: 3784
Number of digits = 4
Now, 78 + 3 – 4 = 77 = 7 × 11
Thus, 3784 is divisible by 11.
If the number of digits of a number is odd, then subtract the first and the last digits from the rest of the number.
Example: 82907
Number of digits = 5
Now, 290 – 8 – 7 = 275 × 11
Thus, 82907 is divisible by 11.
Form the groups of two digits from the right end digit to the left end of the number and add the resultant groups. If the sum is a
multiple of 11, then the number is divisible by 11.
Example: 3774 := 37 + 74 = 111 := 1 + 11 = 12
3774 is not divisible by 11.
253 := 2 + 53 = 55 = 5 × 11
253 is divisible by 11.
Subtract the last digit of the number from the rest of the number. If the resultant value is a multiple of 11, then the original number
will be divisible by 11.
Example: 9647
9647 := 964 – 7 = 957
957 := 95 – 7 = 88 = 8 × 11
Thus, 9647 is divisible by 11.
Divisibility Rule of 12
If the number is divisible by both 3 and 4, then the number is divisible by 12 exactly.
Example: 5864
Sum of the digits = 5 + 8 + 6 + 4 = 23 (not a multiple of 3)
Last two digits = 64 (divisible by 4)
The given number 5846 is divisible by 4 but not by 3; hence, it is not divisible by 12.
(v) 3000000
3. In each of the following numbers without doing actual division, determine whether the first number is
divisible by the second number:
(v) 3501804; 4
4. 6 is a factor of 12066 and 49320. Is 6 a factor of 49320 + 12066 and 49320 - 12066?
(i) 394683
(ii) 1872546
(iii) 5172354
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
(a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 2
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 9 (d) 10
(a) 10 (b) 9
(c) 5 (d) 4