LAB - 4 STUDY THE NETWORK IP ADDRESS CONFIGURATION ( CLASSIFICATION OF ADDRESS,

STATIC AND DYNAMIC ADDRESS)

The IP address stands for Internet Protocol address is also called IP number or internet address.
It helps us to specify the technical format of the addressing and packets scheme.
An IP address is a numerical label assigned to the devices connected to a computer network
that uses the IP for communication. IP address act as an identifier for a specific machine on a
particular network. It also helps us to develop a virtual connection between a source and a
destination.

Types of IP address
There are mainly four types of IP addresses:
1. Public
2. Private
3. Static
4. Dynamic

Public IP Addresses
A public IP address is an address where one primary address is associated with the whole
network. In this type of IP address, each of the connected devices has the same IP address. This
type of public IP address is provided by Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Private IP Addresses
A private IP address is a unique IP number assigned to every device that connects to internet
network, which includes devices like computers, tablets, smartphones etc.,

Static IP addresses
A static IP address is an IP address that cannot be changed. These are fixed that are manually
assigned to a system device.
On the network configuration page, the network administrator manually inputs the IP address
for every system. Moreover, the static address is not changed until it is directly updated by the
network administrator or the Internet Service Provider.
Furthermore, this address does not change with each network connection. In other words, the
device always connects to the internet through the same IP address.

Dynamic IP addresses
The dynamic IP address is typically configured on devices via the DHCP protocol and regularly
updates. The dynamic IP address constantly changes whenever the user links to a network. The
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server employs a method for tracking and
retrieving IP address information associated with active network components. The mechanism
utilized for translation in dynamic address is known as Domain Name Server (DNS).
The DHCP and DNS are two protocols that are widely used while accessing the internet. When a
user connects to the network, DHCP assigns a temporary dynamic IP address.
IPv4 Class address explanation:

The main differences between Static and Dynamic IP addresses are as follows:

Features Static IP address Dynamic IP address

Definition It is a permanent numeric It is a temporary IP address
address that is manually issued allocated to a system when it
to a network device. connects to a network.
Provider It is provided by Internet Service It is provided by DHCP (Dynamic
Provider (ISP). Host Configuration Protocol).
Changes It doesn't change with time. It may be changed at any time.
Device Devices may be traced easily. Devices may be difficult to trace.
tracking
Cost It is expensive to utilize and It is less expensive to utilize and
maintain. maintain.
Security It is less secure than the dynamic It offers high security.
IP address.
Designation It is complex to assign and It is much easy to assign and
reassign. reassign.
Stability It is highly stable. It is less stable.
Usage These are appropriate for Dynamic IP addresses are
dedicated services like FTP, mail, appropriate for a large network
and VPN servers. that needs an internet connection
for all devices

Image for Configuring Static IP Address Image for Configuring Dynamic IP Address
LAB - 5 STUDY THE NETWORK IP ADDRESS CONFIGURATION ( CLASSIFICATION IPV4 AND IPV6,
SUBNET, SUPERNET)
The Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is a protocol for use on packet-switched Link Layer
networks (e.g. Ethernet). IPv4 provides an addressing capability of approximately 4.3 billion
addresses. The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is more advanced and has better features
compared to IPv4.
IPV4, ipv6 definition
Ipv4 Addressing mechanism

Features IPv4 IPv6

Address length IPv4 is a 32-bit address. IPv6 is a 128-bit address.
Fields IPv4 is a numeric address that IPv6 is an alphanumeric
consists of 4 fields which are address that consists of 8
separated by dot (.). fields, which are separated by
colon.
Classes IPv4 has 5 different classes of IP IPv6 does not contain classes
address that includes Class A, of IP addresses.
Class B, Class C, Class D, and
Class E.
Number of IP IPv4 has a limited number of IP IPv6 has a large number of IP
address addresses. addresses.
Address It supports manual and DHCP It supports manual, DHCP,
configuration configuration. auto-configuration, and
renumbering.
Address space It generates 4 billion unique It generates 340 undecillion
addresses unique addresses.
End-to-end In IPv4, end-to-end connection In the case of IPv6, end-to-
connection integrity is unachievable. end connection integrity is
integrity achievable.
Security In IPv4, security depends on In IPv6, IPSEC is developed for
features the application. This IP address security purposes.
is not developed in keeping the
security feature in mind.
Address In IPv4, the IP address is In IPv6, the representation of
representation represented in decimal. the IP address in
hexadecimal.
Fragmentation Fragmentation is done by the Fragmentation is done by the
 senders and the forwarding senders only.
routers.
Packet flow It does not provide any It uses flow label field in the
identification mechanism for packet flow header for the packet flow
identification. identification.
Checksum field The checksum field is available The checksum field is not
in IPv4. available in IPv6.
Transmission IPv4 is broadcasting. On the other hand, IPv6 is
scheme multicasting, which provides
efficient network operations.
Encryption and It does not provide encryption It provides encryption and
Authentication and authentication. authentication.
Number of It consists of 4 octets. It consists of 8 fields, and
octets each field contains 2 octets.
Therefore, the total number
of octets in IPv6 is 16.

Subnetting is a technique of partitioning an individual physical network into several small-sized

logical sub-networks. These subnetworks are known as subnets.

An IP address is made up of the combination of the network segment and a host segment.
A subnet is constructed by accepting the bits from the IP address host portion which are then
used to assign a number of small-sized sub-networks in the original network.
The Subnetting basically convert the host bits into the network bits. As mentioned above the
subnetting strategy was initially devised for slowing down the depletion of the IP addresses.
The subnetting permits the administrator to partition a single class A, class B, class C network
into smaller parts.
VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) is a technique which partitions IP address space into
subnets of different sizes and prevent memory wastage. Furthermore, when the number of
hosts is same in subnets, that is known as FLSM (Fixed Length Subnet Mask).
Supernetting is inverse process of subnetting, in which several networks are merged into a
single network. While performing supernetting, the mask bits are moved toward the left of the
default mask. The supernetting is also known as router summarization and aggregation. It
results in the creation of more host addresses at the expense of network addresses, where
basically the network bits are converted into host bits.
The supernetting is performed by internet service provider rather than the normal users, to
achieve the most efficient IP address allocation. CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is
scheme used to route the network traffic across the internet. CIDR is a supernetting technique
where the several subnets are combined together for the network routing. In simpler words,
CIDR allows the IP addresses to be organized in the subnetworks independent of the value of
the addresses.