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7.1 Sep2020

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10 views18 pages

7.1 Sep2020

lecture note

Uploaded by

23151032
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 7:

Methods of
Integration
Contents

7.1 Review of Substitution and Integration by Table

7.2 Integration by Parts

7.3 Trigonometric Methods

7.4 Method of Partial Fractions

7.5 Summary of Integration Techniques

7.6 First-Order Differential Equations

7.7 Improper Integrals

7.8 Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions


Section 7.1: Substitution and
Integration by Table
In this section, you’ll learn

 How to use substitution method?


 How to use a table of integrals?
Review: Substitution
Substitution is used for integrals of the form

 f u( x) u '( x)dx


Then we let u  u ( x) then du  u '( x)dx, and the integral becomes

 f (u)du
which is expected to be simpler than the original one.
Example : Find the integral  cos(2 x) dx.
Solution
Let u  2 x then du  2 dx.
The integral becomes
1 1
2  cos(2 x) 2 dx 
2cos u du

1
 sin(u)  C
2
1
 sin(2 x)  C
2
t
Example : Find the integral  dt.
1  4t 4

Solution
t
We rewrite the integral as  dt
1  (2t )
2 2

Let u  2t 2 then du  4t dt.


The integral becomes
1 du 1 1 1 1 2
4  1 u 2
 tan (u )  C  tan ( 2t )  C
4 4
Warning: You’ll need to do substitutions like these very quickly.
DIY : Find the following integrals
2
t
a)  1 t3
dt

b)  e cos t
sin t dt
ln t
c)  dt
2t
Using a Table of integrals
A lot of integrals in the course can be done easily using a
Table of integrals (in Appendix D).
The table is divided into several sections.
Each section groups integrals with similar form.

You may need to REWRITE the integral in the form


that you can find in the table.
Example : Using a table to find the integral  e2 x sin 3x dx.

Solution
We recognize this is the required formula:

We use a  2, b  3, u  x. So
e 2x
 2sin(3x)  3cos(3x)
 e sin 3x dx  C
2x

2 3
2 2

e2 x  2sin(3x)  3cos(3x)
 C
13
dx
Example : Using a table to find the integral  , x  0.
2 x  3x
3 2

Solution
First, we need to rewrite the integral as
dx dx dx
 x2 (2x  3)   x 2x  3   x 2x  3
We recognize this is the required formula:

We use a  2, b  3, u  x. So,
dx 1 2x  3  3
 x 2x  3  3 ln 2x  3  3
C
dx
Example : Using a table to find the integral  .
x 9  4x 2

Solution
First, we need to rewrite the integral as
dx 1 dx
 9 2  2 2
2x  x 3
4 x 2  x 2

 
We recognize this is the required formula:
We use a  3 2 , u  x. So,
 2 
 3 3 
    x2
1 dx 1 2 2 2 
2  2
   ln
2 3 x C
3 
x    x2  
2  

1 3  9  4 x2
  ln C
3 2x
xdx
DIY : Using a table to find the integral  .
4x 1
2
Applications
Example : Find the volume of the solid generated when the region
under the curve y  x(1- x 2 )1/4 from x  0 to x  1 is revolved
about the x-axis.
Solution
We recall that the volume of the solid obtained when the region
b
under the curve y=f(x) is revolved about the x-axis is    f ( x) dx.
2

1 a

So, V=  x 2 1  x 2 dx.


0

We recognize this is the required formula


We use a=1, u=x, and obtain
1
 x(1  x 2 )3/2 x 1  x 2 1 1   1 1   2
V=    sin x  =  sin (1)  
 4 8 8  0 8  16
Now, you’re able to

 Use substitution to find an integral


 Use a table of integral to find an integral
Questions?

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