CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

GSBV BURARI
COMPUTER SCIENCE

PRACTICAL FILE

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Name: Manjeet Roll S P SHARMA SIR

No: 09 LECTURER CS/IP

Class & Section: XII (A)

1 Nikhil kumar rai
GSBV BURARI, DELHI
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Table of Content:
S. No. Practical Name Page No. Teacher’s
Sign

PYTHON PRACTICALS
1. WAP in Python to find the factorial of a number using
function. WAP in Python to implement default and positional
2. parameters.
Write a program in Python to input the value of x and n and
3. print the sum of the following series
1+x+x^2+x^3+----------------x^n WAP in Python to read a text file
and print the number of vowels and consonants in the file. WAP
4. in Python to read a text file and print the line or
paragraph starting with the letter ‘S’
5. WAP in Python to read a text file and print the number of
uppercase and lowercase letters in the file.
6. WAP in Python to create a binary file with name and roll
number of the students. Search for a given roll number and
7. display the name of student.
Create a binary file with roll_no, name and marks of some
students and update the marks of specific student.
8. Create a binary file with eid, ename and salary and update
the salary of the employee.
9. Create a text file and remove the lines from the file which
contains letter ‘K’
10. Create a binary file with 10 random numbers from 1 to 40
and print those numbers.
Write a program in Python to create a CSV file with the
11.
details of 5 students.
WAP in Python to read a CSV file.
12.
Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
13.
display the details of an employee such as eid, ename and
salary using Stack.
14.
Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of a book such as book_id, book_name
and price using Stack.
15.
Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of a student such as roll_no, sname and
course using Stack.
16.
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17. Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and

display the details of a movie such as movie_id, mname and
rating using Stack.
18. Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of a product such as pid, pname and price
using Stack.
19. Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of a club such as club_id, cname and city
using Stack.
20. Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,
update, delete and exit. Performed on a table Book
containing (bid, bname, bprice) through python-MySql
connectivity.
21. Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,
update, delete and exit. Performed on a table Product
containing (pid, pname, price) through python-MySql
connectivity.
22. Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,
update, delete and exit. Performed on a table club containing
(club_id, cname, city) through python-MySql connectivity.
Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,
23.
update, delete and exit. Performed on a table student
containing (sid, sname, course) through python-MySql
connectivity.
Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,
24. update, delete and exit. Performed on a table movie
containing (mid, mname , rating) through python-MySql
connectivity.
Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,
25. update, delete and exit. Performed on a table Employee
containing (eid, ename, salary) through python-MySql
connectivity.

MYSQL PRACTICALS
1. Write a SQL query to create a database.

2. Write a SQL query to create a student table with the student

id, class, section, gender, name, dob, and marks as attributes
where the student id is the primary key.
3. Write a SQL query to insert the details of at least 10 students
in the student table.
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CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

4. Write a SQL query to delete the details of a particular student

in the student table.
5. Write a SQL query to increase the marks by 5% for those
students who are scoring marks more than 30.
6. Write a SQL query to display the entire content of the table.

7. Write a SQL query to display student_id, name and marks of

those students who are scoring marks more than 30.
8.
Write a SQL query to find the average marks from the
student table.
9.
Write a SQL query to find the number of students, who are
10. from section ‘A’.
Write a SQL query to add a new column email in the student
11. table with appropriate data type.
Write a SQL query to add the email id’s of each student in the
12. previously created email column.
Write a SQL query to display the information of all the
13. students, whose name starts with ‘S’
Write a SQL query to display the student_id, name, dob of
those students who are born between ‘2005-01-01’ and
14. ‘2005-12-31’
Write a SQL query to display the student_id, name, dob,
marks, email of male students in ascending order of their
15. name
Write a SQL query to display the student_id, gender, name,
dob, marks, email of students in descending order of their
16. marks.
Write a SQL query to display the unique section name from
17. the student table.
Create a student table with student id, name and marks as
attribute, where the student id is the primary key.
18.
Insert the details of 5 students in the student table.
19. Delete the details of a student in the student table.

20. 4 Use the Select command to get

the details of the students with
21.
marks more than 30.
Anas, a student of class XII,
created a table “CLASS”. Grade is
22.
one of the columns of this table.
Write the SQL query to find the
details of students whose grade
have not been entered. Anas is
using a
table
with
the
followi
ng
details
:
Studen
ts(Na
me,
GSBV BURARI, DELHI
Class, 4
Stream
_id,
Stream
_Name
)
Write
the
SQL
query
to
display

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CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

the names of students who have not been assigned any

stream or have been assigned Stream_Name that end with
“computers”
23. Write the difference between drop, delete and truncate
command with example.
24. Write the sort notes on group by, having and where clause
with example.
25. Write the SQL query to find out the square root of 26.

26. Anas is using a table employee. It has following details:

Employee (Code, Name, Salary, DeptCode). Write the SQL
query to display maximum salary department wise.
27. Write the SQL Query to display the difference of highest and
lowest salary of each department having maximum salary
greater than 4000.
28. Write the SQL Query to increase 20% salary of the employee
whose experience is more than 5 year of the table Emp(id,
name, salary, exp)
29. Write the SQL Query for inner join of two tables Emp(eid,
ename, salary, dept_id) and Dept(dept_id, dname)
Write the SQL Query for full outer join of two tables Emp(eid,
30.
ename,salary,dept_id) and Dept(dept_id, dname)
Write a SQL to Enter 5 Employee data in a single query in the
31. table Emp (eid, ename, salary, city, dob).
Display 4 characters extracted from 5th right character
32. onwards from string ‘ABCDEFG’.
Write a query to create a string from the ASCII values 65,
33. 67.3, ‘68.3’
Display names ‘MR. MODI’ and ‘MR. Sharma’ into lowercase.
34.

35. How many characters are there in string ‘CANDIDE’.

36. Create a customer (customer_id, name, country) table and

find the number of customer from each country in the table
using group by.
37. Consider the following SQL String “Active Number” and write
the command to display:
a. “Act” b. “Numb”
38. Write any one similarity and one difference between Primary
key and unique key constraint
39. Write the difference between char() and varchar()

40. 5 Write the difference between count

(column_name) and count(*)
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Practical No – 1: WAP in Python to find the factorial of a number using function.

def fact(n):
f=1
while(n>0):
f=f*n
n=n-1
return f
n=int(input("Enter a number to find the factorial: "))
if(n<0):
print("Factorial of -ive number is not possible.")
elif(n==0):
print("Factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
factorial=fact(n)
print("Factorial of ",n," is =",factorial)

OUTPUT :

=RESTART:C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Pythons38-32\P-4.py

Enter a number : 5
Factorial of 5 is 120

>>>

=RESTART:C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Pythons38-32\P-4.py

Enter a number : 0
Factorial of 0 is 1

>>>

=RESTART:C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Pythons38-32\P-4.py

Enter a number : -5
Factorial of -ive number is not possible. 7
Nikhil kumar rai

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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Practical No – 2: WAP in Python to implement default and positional

parameters.

#default parameters

def show(a,b,c=8):
print(“Sum=”,(a+b+c))

show(5,6)
show(5,6,10)

def show1(a,b=9,c=8):
print(“Sum1=”,(a+b+c))

show(5)
show(5,6)
show(5,6,10)

#Positional parameters

def show2(a,b):
print(“Sub=”,(a-b))

show2(15,6)
show2(6,15)

OUTPUT :

=RESTART:C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Pythons38-32\P-4.py

Sum= 19
Sum= 21
Sum1=22
Sum1=19
Sum1=21
Sub= 9
Sub= -9
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Practical No – 3: Write a program in Python to input the value of x

and n and print the sum of the following series : 1+x+x^2+x^3+ x^n.

x = int(input("Enter the value of x: "))

n = int(input("Enter the value of n:
"))

sum=()
for I n range(0,n+1):
sum=sum+x**i

print(“sum of series=”,sum)

OUTPUT :
=RESTART:C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Pythons38-32\P-4.py

Enter the value of x: 2

Enter the value of n: 3

sum of the series is:

15
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Practical No – 4: WAP in Python to read a text file and print the number of
vowels and consonants in the file.

f-open("Vowel.txt","r")
data=f.read()
V=['A','E','I','O', 'U','a','e','i', 'o','u']
C=['B','C','D','F','G', 'H','J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N','P', 'Q','R', 'S', 'T', 'V', 'W','X', 'Y','Z',
'b','c','d', 'f','g', 'h','j', 'k', 'T', 'm','n','p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y','z']

cv=0
cc=0
fori in data:
if i in V:
cv=cv+1
elif i in C:
cc=cc+1

ct=0
for i in data:
ct=ct+1
print("Number of Vowels in the file=",cv)
print("Number of Consonants in the
file=",cc) print("Number of Total Chars in the
file=",ct) f.close()

OUTPUT :

= RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Number of Vowels in the file= 184

Number of Consonants in the file= 335

Number of Total Chars in the file= 650

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Practical No – 5: WAP in Python to read a text file and print the line or
paragraph starting with the letter ‘S’.

f=open("abc.txt","r")
line=f.readline()
Ic=0

while line:
if line[0]=='s' or line[0]=='S':
print(line,end="")
Ic=lc+1
line=f.readline()
f.close()
print("Total number of lines start with 's' or 'S'=",Ic)

OUTPUT :

= RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Sam

Sameer

Sanjay

Sunil

Total number of lines start with 's' or 'S'=4

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Practical No – 6: WAP in Python to read a text file and print the number of
uppercase and lowercase letters in the file.

f=open("Vowel.txt","r")
data=f.read()

cu=0
cl=0
for i in data:
if i.isupper():
cu=cu+1
elif i.islower:
cl=cl+1
ct=0
fori in data:
ct=ct+1
print("Number of Uppercase letters in the file=",cu)
print("Number of Lowercase Letters in the file=",cl)
print("Number of Total Chars in the file=",ct)

f.close()

OUTPUT :

= RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Number of Uppercase letters in the file= 139

Number of Lowercase Letters in the file=380

Number of Total Chars in the file= 650

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Practical No – 7: WAP in Python to create a binary file with name and roll
number of the students. Search for a given roll number and display the
name of student.

import pickle
S={}
f=open('stud.dat','wb')
c='y'
while c=='y' or c=='Y':

rno=int(input("Enter the roll no. of the student: "))

name=input("Enter the name of the student: ")

S['RollNo']=rno
S['Name']=name

pickle.dump(S,f)

c=input("Do You Want to add more students(y/n): ")

f.close()

f=open('stud.dat','rb')
rno=int(input("Enter the roll no. of the student to be search: "))
K={}
m=0
try:
while True:
K=pickle.load(f)
if K["RollNo"] == rno:
print(K)
m=m+1
except EOFError:
f.close()
if m==0:

print("Student not Found") 13

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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

OUTPUT :

= RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Enter the roll no. of the student: 1

Enter the name of the student: Ram
Do You Want to add more students(y/n):
y Enter the roll no. of the student: 2
Enter the name of the student: Raj
Do You Want to add more students(y/n):
Y Enter the roll no. of the student: 3
Enter the name of the student: Sam
Do You Want to add more students(y/n): n
Enter the roll no. of the student to be search: 2
{'RollNo': 2, 'Name': 'Raj'}

Practical No – 8: Create a binary file with roll no, name and marks of some
students and update the marks of specific student.

import pickle
S={}
f=open('stud.dat','wb')
c='y'
while c=='y' or c=='Y':
rno=int(input("Enter the roll no. of the student :"))
name=input("Enter the name of the student: ")
marks=int(input("Enter the marks of the student: "))
S['RollNo']=rno
S['Name']=name
S['Marks']=marks
pickle.dump(S,f)
c=input("Do You Want to add more students(y/n): ")
f.close()
f=open('stud.dat','rb+')
rno=int(input("Enter the roll no. of the student to be updated: "))
marks=int(input("Enter the updated marks of the student: "))
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f.seek(0,0)
m=0
try:
while True:
pos=f.tell()
S=pickle.load(f)
If S["RollNo"] == rno:
f.seek(pos)
S["Marks"]=marks
pickle.dump(S,f)
m=m+1
except EOFError:
f.close()
if m==0:
print("Student not Found")
else:
f=open('stud.dat','rb')
try:
while True:
S=pickle.load(f)
print(S)
except EOFError:
f.close()

OUTPUT :
= RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Enter the roll no. of the student: 1

Enter the name of the student: Ram
Enter the marks of the student: 25
Do You Want to add more students(y/n):
y Enter the roll no. of the student: 2
Enter the name of the student: Raj
Enter the marks of the student: 35
Do You Want to add more students(y/n):
y Enter the roll no. of the student:3
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Enter the name of the student: Sam

Enter the marks of the student: 32
Do You Want to add more students(y/n): n
Enter the roll no. of the student to be updated: 2
Enter the updated marks of the student: 40
{'RollNo': 1, 'Name': 'Ram', 'Marks': 25}
{'RollNo': 2, 'Name': 'Raj', 'Marks': 40}
{'RollNo': 3, 'Name': 'Sam', 'Marks': 32}

Practical No – 9: Create a binary file with eid, ename and salary and
update the salary of the employee.

import pickle
E=0
f=open('emp.dat', 'wb')
c='y'
while c=='y' or c=='Y':
eid=int(input("Enter the Emp Id of the Employee: "))
ename=input("Enter the name of the Employee: ")
salary-float(input("Enter the salary of the Employee: "))
E['Emp_id']=eid
E['Emp_Name']=ename
E['Salary']=salary
pickle.dump(E,f)
c=input("Do You Want to add more employee (y/n): ")
f.close()
f-open('emp.dat','rb+')
eid=int(input("Enter the Emp Id of the employee to be updated: "))
salary=float(input("Enter the updated salary of the employee: "))
f.seek(0,0)
m=0
try:
while True:
pos=f.tell()
E=pickle.load(f)
if E["Emp_id"] == eid:
f.seek(pos)
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

E["Salary"]=salary
pickle.dump(E,f)
m=m+1
exceptEOFError:
f.close()
if m==0:
print("Employee not Found")
else:
f=open('emp.dat','rb')
try:
while True:
E=pickle.load(f)
print(E)
except EOFError:
f.close()

OUTPUT :
= RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Enter the Emp Id of the Employee : 101

Enter the name of the Employee: Ram
Enter the salary of the Employee:
15000
Do You Want to add more employee(y/n):
y Enter the Emp Id of the Employee : 102
Enter the name of the Employee: Raj
Enter the salary of the Employee: 18000
Do You Want to add more employee(y/n):
y Enter the Emp Id of the Employee : 103
Enter the name of the Employee: Sam
Enter the salary of the Employee: 25000
Do You Want to add more employee(y/n): n
Enter the Emp Id of the employee to be updated: 102
Enter the updated salary of the employee: 22000
{'Emp_Id": 101, 'Emp_Name': 'Ram', 'Salary: 15000.0}
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('Emp_Id": 102, 'Emp_Name': 'Raj', 'Salary': 22000.0}

{'Emp_Id": 103, 'Emp_Name': 'Sam', 'Salary': 25000.0}

Practical No - 10: Create a text file and remove the lines from the file
which contains letter 'K'.

import sys
f-open("sps.txt", "w+")
print("Enter the lines/data to insert in the file: ")
data = sys.stdin.readlines()
for i in data:
f.write(i)
f.close()
print("****")
print("Content of File:
") f=open("sps.txt","r")
data=f.read()
print(data)
f.close()
f=open("sps.txt","r+")
data=f.readlines()
f.seek(0)
for i in data:
if "K" not in i:
f.write(i)
f.truncate()
f.close()
print("**********")
print("Content of File After Deletion: ")
f=open("sps.txt","r")
data=f.read() print(data)
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OUTPUT :
=RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Enter the lines/data to insert in the file:

SBV BURARI HELLO INDIA
KARAN SAM RAM KASHMIR
DELHI ************ Content
of File: SBV BURARI HELLO
INDIA KARAN SAM RAM
KASHMIR DELHI ************
Content of File After Deletion:
SBV BURARI HELLO INDIA SAM
RAM DELHI

Practical No - 11: Create a binary file with 10 random numbers from 1 to 40 and
print those numbers.

Import pickle,random 19
N=[]
f=open("sps.txt","wb")
for i in range(10):
N.append(random.randint(1,40))
pickle.dump(N,f)
f.close()
print("File Created:")
Nikhil kumar rai

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BURARI,
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

print("Content of
File:")
f=open("sps.txt","rb")
data-pickle.load(f)
for i in data:
print(i)
f.close()

OUTPUT :
= RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

File Created:

Content of File:

24
14
18
14
26
9
333
7
10
33

Practical No - 12: Write a program in Python to create a CSV file with the
details of 5 students.

Import csv
f=open("student.csv","w",newline=")
cw=csv.writer(f)
cw.writerow(['Rollno', 'Name','Marks'])
fori in range(5):
print("Student Record of ",(i+1))
rollno=int(input("Enter Roll No. :"))
name=input("Enter Name: ")
marks float(input("Enter Marks: "))
sr=[rollno,name,marks]
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cw.writerow(sr)
f.close()
print("File Created Successfully")

OUTPUT :

= RESTART: C:\Users\SP SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Student Record of 1
Enter Roll No.: 11
Enter Name: Shiva
Enter Marks: 34
Student Record of 2
Enter Roll No.: 23
Enter Name: Saanvi
Enter Marks: 37
Student Record of 3 Enter Roll No.: 27
Enter Name: Sachin
Enter Marks: 24
Student Record of 4
Enter Roll No.: 28
Enter Name: Ram
Enter Marks: 40
Student Record of 5
Enter Roll No.: 29
Enter Name: Raj
Enter Marks: 37
File Created Successfully
>>>

Practical No-13: WAP in Python to read a CSV file.

import csv
f=open("student.csv","r”)
cr=csv.reader(f)

print("Content of CSV File:") 21

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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

for r in cr:
print(r)

f.close()

OUTPUT:

=RESTART: C:\Users\SP SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

Content of CSV File:

[Rollno', 'Name', 'Marks]
['11', 'Shiva', '34.0’]
[‘23’, ‘Saanvi ’, ‘37.03’]
[‘27’, ‘Sachin', '24.0’]
[‘28’, ‘Ram', '40.0’]
[‘29’, ‘Raj’, ‘37.0’]
>>>

Practical No-14: Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of an employee such as eid, eneme and salary using Stack.

Employee=[]
c = ‘y’
while(c=="y" or c=="Y"):
print("1: Add Employee Detail:")
print("2: Delete Employee Detail: ")
print("3: Display Employee Detail:")
choice=int(input("Enter your choice: "))
if(choice ==1):
eid= int(input("Enter Employee Id: "))
ename= input("Enter Employee Name:")
salary= float(input("Enter Employee Salary:"))
emp= (eid,ename,salary)
Employee.append(emp)
elif(choice==2):
if(Employee==[]):
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print("Stack Empty")
else:
print("Deleted element is:", Employee pop())
elif(choice==3):
L=len(Employee)
while(L>0):
print(Employee[L-1])
L=L-1
else:
print("Wrong Input")
c=input("Do you want to continue? Press ‘y’ to Continue:")

Output:

=RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-321P-4.py

1: Add Employee Detail: 2: Delete Employee

Detail: 3: Display Employee Detail Enter your
choice: 1 Enter Employee Id: 101 Enter Employee
Name: Shiva Enter Employee Salary: 25000 Do you
want to continue? Press 'y' to Continue: y 1: Add
Employee Detail 2: Delete Employee Detail: 3:
Display Employee Detail: Enter your choice: 1
Enter Employee Id: 102 Enter Employee Name:
Saanvi Enter Employee Salary: 22000 Do you want
to continue? Press Y to Continue:y 1: Add
Employee Detail: 2: Delete Employee Detail: 3:
Display Employee Detail: Enter your choice: 1
Enter Employee Id: 103
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Enter Employee Name: Sachin

Enter Employee Salary: 30000
Do you want to continue? Press ‘y' to Continue: y
1: Add Employee Detail
2: Delete Employee Detail:
3: Display Employee Detail:
Enter your choice: 3
(103, Sachin', 30000.0)
(102, Saanvi , 22000.0)
(101, 'Shiva', 25000.0)
Do you want to continue? Press 'y’ to Continue: y
1: Add Employee Detail:
2: Delete Employee Detail:
3: Display Employee Detail:
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element is: (103, ‘Sachin’, 30000.0)
Do you want to continue? Press ‘y’ to Continue: y
1: Add Employee Detail:
2: Delete Employee Detail:
3: Display Employee Detail:
Enter your choice: 3
(102, ‘Saanvi ’, 22000.0)
(101, "Shiv, 25000.0)
Do you want to continue? Press ‘y’ to Continue: n

Practical No-15: Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of a book such as book_id, book_name and price using
Stack.

Book=[]
c= ‘y’
while(c== ‘y’ or c== ‘y’):
print("1: Add Book Details: ")
print("2: Delete Book Details:")
print("3: Display Book Details: ")
choice= int(input("Enter Your Choice: ")
if(choice == 1):
 book_id= int(input("Enter Book Id:"))
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

book_name= input("Enter Book Name: ")

price= float(input("Enter Book Price:"))
B= (book_id,book_name,price)
Book.append(B)
elif (choice==2):
if(Book==[]):
print("Stack Empty")
else:
print("Deleted element is:” , Book.pop())
elif choice==3):
L= len(Book)
while(L>0):
print(Book [L-1])
L=L-1
else:
print("Wrong Input")
c= input("Do you want to continue? press 'y' to continue: ")

Output:

=RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-321P-4.py

1: Add Book Details:

2: Delete Book Detalls:
3: Display Book Details:
Enter Your Choice:1
Enter Book id:101
Enter Book Name :CS CRACKER
Enter Book Price: 350
Do you want to continue? press ‘y’ to continue: Y
1: Add Book Details:
2: Delete Book Details:
3: Display Book Details:
Enter Your Choice: 1
Enter Book id: 102
Enter Book Name: PYTHON
Enter Book Price: 400
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Do you want to continue? press 'y’ to continue: Y

1: Add Book Details:
2: Delete Book Details:
3: Display Book Details:
Enter Your Choice:1
Enter Book Id: 103
Enter Book Name: SQL
Enter Book Price: 300
Do you want to continue? press ‘y’ to continue:Y
1: Add Book Details:
2: Delete Book Details:
3: Display Book Details:
Enter Your Choice: 3
(103, ‘SQL’, 300.0)
(102, ‘PYTHON’, 400.0)
(101, 'CS CRACKER’, 350.0)
Do you want to continue? press ‘y’ to continue: Y
1: Add Book Details:
2: Delete Book Details:
3: Display Book Details:
Enter Your Choice: 2
Deleted element is: (103, SQL, 300.0)
Do you want to continue? press ‘y' to continue: Y
1: Add Book Details:
2: Delete Book Details:
3: Display Book Details:
Enter Your Choice: 3
(102,’ PYTHON’, 400.0)
(101, 'CS CRACKER’, 350.0)
Do you want to continue? press ‘y' to continue: N

Practical No-16: Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of a student such as roll_no, sname and course using Stack.

Student=[] 26
c= ‘y’
while(c=='y' or c=='Y’):
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

print("1: Add Student Details:")

print("2: Delete Student Details:")
print("3: Display Student Details: ")
choice=int(input("Enter Your Choice:
")) if(choice==1):
roll_no=int(input("Enter Student Roll no: "))
sname=input("Enter Student Name:")
course=input("Enter Student Course: ")
stu=(roll no, sname, course)
Student.append(stu)
elif(choice ==2):
if(Student=[]):
print("Stack Empty")
else:
print("Deleted Element is: ", Student.pop())
elif(choice==3):
L=len(Student)
while(L>0):
print(Student[L-1])
L=L-1
else:
print("wrong input")
c=input("Do you want to continue ? press ‘y' to continue:")

Output:

RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-321P-4py

1: Add Student Details:

2: Delete Student Details:
3: Display Student Details:
Enter Your Choice: 1
Enter Student Roll no: 1
Enter Student Name: Shiva
Enter Student Course: BCA
Do you want to continue ?press ‘y’ to continue: y
1: Add Student Details:
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

2: Delete Student Details:

3: Display Student Details:
Enter Your Choice: 1
Enter Student Roll no: 2
Enter Student Name: Saanvi
Enter Student Course: B.Tech.
Do you want to continue ?press 'y' to continue: y
1: Add Student Details:
2: Delete Student Details:
3: Display Student Details:
Enter Your Choice: 1
Enter Student Roll no: 3
Enter Student Name: Sachin
Enter Student Course: MCA
Do you want to continue ?press 'y' to continue: y
1: Add Student Details:
2: Delete Student Details:
3: Display Student Details:
Enter Your Choice: 3
(3, "Sachin’’, ‘’MCA")
(2, 'Saan', 'B.Tech.’)
(1, 'Shiva', 'BCA’)
Do you want to continue ?press ‘y’ to continue: y
1: Add Student Details:
2: Delete Student Details:
3: Display Student Details:
Enter Your Choice: 2
Deleted Elements:(3, 'Sachin’, 'MCA’)
Do you want to continue press ‘y' to continue: y
1: Add Student Details:
2: Delete Student Details:
3: Display Student Details:
Enter Your Choice: 3
(2. "Saanvi ", "B.Tech.")
(1. ‘Shiva’, ‘BCA’)
Do you want to continue ?press ‘y' to continue: n
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Practical No-17: Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of a movie such as movie_id, mname and rating using
Stack.

movie=[]
c= ‘y’
while(c=='y' or c== 'Y'):
print("1:Add Movie Details")
print("2:Delete Movie Details")
print("3:Display Movie Details:")
Choice=int(input("Enter Your Choice"))
if(Choice==1):
mid=int(input("Enter Movie id: "))
mname=input("Enter Movie Name:"))
rating=float(input("Enter Movie Rating"))
mov =(mid,mname, rating)
movie.append(mov)
elif(Choice==2):
if([movie]):
print("stack empty")
else:
print("Deleted element is ",movie
pop()) elif(Choice==3):
L=len[movie]
while(L>0):
print(movie[L-1])
L=L-1
else:
print("wrong input")
c = input("Do you want to continue? press ‘y’ to continue: ")

Output:
=RESTART: C:\Users\SP SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-321P-4.py

1:Add Movie Details: Enter Your

2:Delete Movie Details: Choice:1
3:Display Movie Details:
29
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Enter Movie id: 101 Enter Movie Name: Gadar

Enter Movie Rating: 4.8 Do you want to continue?
press 'y' to continue: y 1:Add Movie Details:
2:Delete Movie Details: 3:Display Movie Details:
Enter Your Choice:1 Enter Movie id: 102 Enter
Movie Name: Indian Enter Movie Rating: 5.0 Do
you want to continue? press ‘y' to continue: y
1:Add Movie Details: 2:Delete Movie Details:
3:Display Movie Details: Enter Your Choice: 1
Enter Movie id: 103 Enter Movie Name: Ghatak
Enter Movie Rating: 4.9 Do you want to continue?
press 'y’ to continue: y 1:Add Movie Details: 2
Delete Movie Details: 3:Display Movie Details:
Enter Your Choice:3 (103, 'Ghatak’, 4.9) (102,
‘Indian’, 5.0) (101, 'Gadar', 4.8) Do you want to
continue? press 'y’ to continue: y 1:Add Movie
Details: 2:Delete Movie Details: 3:Display Movie
Details: Enter Your Choice:2 Deleted element is:
(103, ‘Ghatak’, 4.9) Do you want to continue?
press 'y' to continue: y 1:Add Movie Details:
2.Delete Movie Details: 3:Display Movie Details:
Enter Your Choice:3 (102, ‘Indian’, 5.0)
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

(101, 'Gadar', 4.8)

Do you want to continue? press ‘y’ to continue: n

Practical No-18: Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and display
the details of a product such as pid, pname and price using Stack.

Product=[]
c= “y”
while(c=="y" or c== "Y"):
print("1: Insert Product Details: ")
print("2: Delete Product Details: ")
print("3: Display Product Details:")
choice=int(input("Enter Your Choice: "))
if(choice==1):
pid=int(input("Enter Product Id:")
pname=input("Enter Product Name:")
price=float(input("Enter Product Price: ")
Prd=(pid,pname.price)
Product.append(Prd)
elif(choice==2):
if(Product==[]):
print("Stack Empty")
else:
print("Deleted Product is: "Product.pop())
elif(choice ==3):
L=len(Product)
while(L>0):
print(Product[L-1])
L=L-1
else:
print("Wrong input")
c=input("Do you want to continue?, Press ‘y’ to continue: ")

Output:
=RESTART: C:\Users\SP SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

1: Insert Product Details:

2: Delete Product Details:
3: Display Product Details:
Enter Your Choice:
1 Enter Product Id: 101
Enter Product Name: Book
Enter Product Price: 230
Do you want to continue?, Press 'y' to continue: y
1: Insert Product Details:
2: Delete Product Details:
3: Display Product Details:
Enter Your Choice: 1
Enter Product Id: 102
Enter Product Name: Pen
Enter Product Price: 30
Do you want to continue?, Press 'y' to continue: y
1: Insert Product Details:
2: Delete Product Details:
3: Display Product Details:
Enter Your Choice:1
Enter Product Id: 103
Enter Product Name: Copy
Enter Product Price: 60
Do you want to continue?, Press 'y' to continue: y
1: Insert Product Details:
2: Delete Product Details:
3: Display Product Details:
Enter Your Choice: 3
(103, 'Copy', 60.0) (102, 'Pen', 30.0)
(101, "Book", 2300)
Do you want to continue?, Press ‘y’ to continue: y
1: Insert Product Details:
2: Delete Product Details:
3: Display Product Details:
Enter Your Choice: 2
Deleted Product is: (103, “Copy”,60.0)
Do you want to continue?, Press ‘y’ to continue: y
1: Insert Product Details:
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

2: Delete Product Details:

3: Display Product Details:
Enter Your Choice: 3
(102, 'Pen', 30.0)
(101, 'Book', 230.0)
Do you want to continue?, Press ‘y' to continue: n

Practical No-19: Write a menu driven program which insert, delete and
display the details of a club such as club_id, cname and city using Stack.

Club= []
c= ‘y’
while (c=="y" or c=="Y"):
print("1: Add Club Details: ")
print("2: Delete Club Details: ")
print("3: Display Club Details:")
choice = int(input("Enter choice: ")
if (choice == 1):
cid=int(input("Enter Club Id:"))
cname=input("Enter Club Name:")
city=input("Enter Club City: ")
clu= (cid,cname,city)
Club.append(clu)
elif (choice ==2):
if(Club==[]):
print("Stack Empty")
else:
print("Delete Element is: Club.pop())
elif (choice == 3):
L=len(Club)
while (L>0):
print(Club[L-1])
L=L-1
else:
print("Wrong Input")
c=input("Do you want to continue? Press ‘y’ to continue.")

33
Output:
Nikhil kumar
rai
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

= RESTART: C:\Users\SP SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32P-4.py

1: Add Club Details:

2: Delete Club Details:
3: Display Club Details:
Enter choice: 1
Enter Club Id: 101
Enter Club Name: A1
Enter Club City: Delhi
Do you want to continue? Press 'y' to continue:y
1: Add Club Details:
2: Delete Club Details:
3: Display Club Details:
Enter choice: 1
Enter Club Id: 102
Enter Club Name: A2
Enter Club City: Noida
Do you want to continue? Press 'y’ to continue:y
1: Add Club Details:
2: Delete Club Details:
3: Display Club Details:
Enter choice: 1
Enter Club id: 103
Enter Club Name: A3
Enter Club City: Delhi
Do you want to continue? Press 'y’ to continue: y
1: Add Club Details:
2: Delete Club Details:
3: Display Club Details:
Enter choice: 3
(103, ‘A3’, ‘Delhi’)
(102, 'A2', 'Noida’)
(101, 'A1', 'Delhi’)
Do you want to continue? Press ‘y’ to continue : y
1: Add Club Details:
2: Delete Club Details:
3: Display Club Details:
Enter choice: 2
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Delete Element is: (103, 'A3', 'Delhi’)

Do you want to continue? Press ‘y' to continue: y
1: Add Club Details:
2: Delete Club Details:
3: Display Club Details:
Enter choice: 3
(102, 'A2', 'Noida')
(101, 'A1', 'Delhi')
Do you want to continue? Press 'y' to continue: n
>>>

Practical No-20: Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,

update, delete and exit. Performed on a table Book containing (bid, bname,
bprice) through python-MySql connectivity.

Import mysql.connector
con=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",username="root",passwd="root")
mycursor=con.cursor()
mycursor.execute("create database if not exists Sbvburarig")
mycursor.execute("use Sbvburarig")
mycursor.execute("create table if not exists book (bid int primary
key,bnamevarchar(20),bprice float(5,2))")
c= “y"
while(c=="y" or "Y"):
print("1. Press 1 for add new book: ")
print("2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books: ")
print("3. Press 3 for Update Book Details: ")
print("4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details: ")
print("5. Press 5 for Exit:")
choice=int(input("Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: "))
if(choice==1):
bid=int(input("Enter Book Id: "))
bname=input("Enter Book Name:")
bprice=float(input("Enter Book Price: "))
mycursor.execute("insert into book values(%s, %s, %s)
",(bid,bname,bprice))
con.commit()
elif(choice ==2):
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

mycursor.execute("select * from book")

mybooks=mycursor.fetchall()
for x in mybooks:
print(x)
elif(choice ==3):
bid=int(input("Enter the book id for update:"))
bname=input("Enter Book New Name: ")
bprice=float(input("Enter Book New Price: "))
mycursor.execute("update book set bname=%s, bprice=%s where
bid-s" (bname,bprice,bid))
con.commit()
elif choice==4):
bid=int(input("Enter the book id for delete: "))
mycursor.execute("delete from book where bid=%s" (bid,)
con.commit()
elif choice==5):
break
else:
print("Wrong Choice")
c=input("Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: ")

Output:
= RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-321-4py

1. Press 1 for add new book:

2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books: 36
3. Press 3 for Update Book Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: 1
Enter Book Id: 101
Enter Book Name: CS CRACKER
Enter Book Price: 350
Press 'y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new book
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books:
3. Press 3 for Update Book Details:
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4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details:

5. Press 5 for Exit: Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: 1
Enter Book d: 102
Enter Book Name: CS with Python
Enter Book Price: 500
Press Y for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new book:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books
3. Press 3 for Update Book Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, 'CS CRACKER’, 350.0)
(102, 'CS with Python', 500.0)
Press Y for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new book:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books:
3. Press 3 for Update Book Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:3
Enter the book id for update: 102
Enter Book New Name: IP with Python
Enter Book New Price: 450
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new book:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books:
3. Press 3 for Update Book Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, ‘CS CRACKER’, 350.0)
102, ‘IP with Python’, 450.0)
press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new book:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books:
3. Press 3 for Update Book Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:4

Enter the book id for delete: 102
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new book:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books:
3. Press 3 for Update Book Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, 'CS CRACKER’, 350.0)
Press 'y' for continue and 'W' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new book:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Books:
3. Press 3 for Update Book Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Book Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:5
>>>

Practical No 21: Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,

update, delete and exit. Performed on a table Product containing (pid,
pname, price) through python-MySql connectivity.

import mysql.connector
con=mysql.connector.connect(host ="localhost",username="root",passwd="root")
mycursor=con.cursor
mycursor.execute("create database if not exists Sbvburarig")
mycursor.execute("use Sbvburarig")
mycursor.execute("create table if not exists product (pid int primary key,pname
varchar(20),pprice float(8,2))")
c= “y”
while(c=="y" or c== "Y"):
print("1. Press 1 for add new product:")
print("2. Press 2 for Show the details of product:")
print("3. Press 3 for Update product Details: ")
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

print("4. Press 4 for Delete product Details:")

print("5. Press 5 for Exit:")
choice-int(input("Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: "))
if(choice==1):
pid=int(input("Enter product id: ")
pname=input("Enter product Name:")
pprice=float(input("Enter product Price: "))
mycursor.execute("insert into product
values(%s,%s,%s"),(pid,pname,pprice))
con.commit()
elif(choice ==2):
mycursor.execute("select from product")
myproducts=mycursor.fetchall()
for x in myproducts:
print(x)
elif(choice==3):
pid=int(input("Enter the product id for update:"))
pname=input("Enter product New Name:")
pprice=float(input("Enter product New Price: "))
mycursor.execute("update product set pname=%s,pprice=%s
wherepid=%s,%s", (pname,pprice.pid))
con.commit()
elif(choice==4):
pid=Enter the product id for delete: "
mycursor.execute("delete from product where pid=%s”,(pid))
con.commit()
elif(choice==5):
break
else:
print("Wrong Choice")
c=input("Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: ")
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Output :
-RESTART: C:\Users\S P SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py

1. Press 1 for add new product:

2. Press 2 for Show the details of product: 40
3. Press 3 for Update product Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete product Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:1
Enter product id: 101
Enter product Name: Keyboard
Enter product Price: 800
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new product.
2. Press 2 for Show the details of product:
3. Press 3 for Update product Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete product Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:1
Enter product id: 102
Enter product Name: Mouse
Enter product Price: 600
Press 'V for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new product
2. Press 2 for Show the details of product
3. Press for Update product Details
4. Press 4 for Delete product Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, 'Keyboard', 800.0)
(102, 'Mouse', 600.0)
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new product:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of product:
3. Press 3 for Update product Details:
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

4. Press 4 for Delete product Details:

5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:3
Enter the product id for update: 102
Enter product New Name: Mouse
Enter product New Price: 900
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1.Press 1 for add new product.
2. Press 2 for Show the details of product:
3. Press 3 for Update product Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete product Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, ‘'Keyboard", 800.0)
(102, 'Mouse', 900.0)
Press ‘y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new product:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of product:
3. Press 3 for Update product Details:
4. Press 4 for delete product Details:
5. Press for exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:4
Enter the product id for delete: 102
Press ‘y’ for continue and ‘n’ for exit: y
1.Press for add new product:
2. Press 2 for how the details of product:
3 . Press for Update product details:
4. Press for Delete product Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101,’Keyboard’,800.0)
Press ‘y’ for continue and ‘n’ for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new product:
2. Press 2 far Show the details of product:
3. Press 3 for Update product Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete product Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:5
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Practical No-22: Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display

update delete and exit. Performed on a table club containing (club_id, name,
city) through python-MySql connectivity.

import mysql.connector
con = mysl.connector.connect(host "localhost"username="root",passwd="root")
mycursor = con.cursor()
mycursor.execute("create database if not exists Sbvburari”)
mycursor.execute("use Sbvburarig”)
mycursor.execute("create table if not exists club (cid int primary
key,cnamevarchar(20) ,varchar(20))”)
c= “y”
while(c=="y" or "Y"):
print("1. Press 1 for add new club: ")
print("2. Press 2 for Show the details of club: ")
print("3. Press 3 for Update club Details:")
print("4. Press 4 for Delete club Details: ")
print("5. Press 5 for Exit:")
choice=int(input("Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: "))
if(choice ==1):
cid=int(input("Enter club Id:"))
cname=input("Enter club Name: ")
city=input("Enter club city:")
mycursor.execute("insert into club values(%s,%s,%s)",(cid,cname,city))
con.commit()
elif(choice==2):
mycursor.execute("select * from club")
myclubs=mycursor:fetchall()
for x in myclubs:
print(x)
elif(choice==3):
cid=int(input("Enter the club id for update:"))
cname=input("Enter club New Name:")
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city=input("Enter club New city:")

mycursor.execute("update club set cname=%s,city=%s where
cid=%s”,(cname,city,cid))
con.commit()
elif(choice==4):
cid=int(input(“Enter the club id for delete:”))
mycursor.execute("delete from club where cid=%s”,(cid,))
con.commit()
elif(choice==5):
break
else:
print("Wrong Choice")
c=input("Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n’ for exit:")

Output:
=RESTART: C:\Users\SP SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\P-4.py
1. Press 1 for add new club:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of club:
3. Press 3 for Update club Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete club Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:1
Enter club id: 101
Enter club Name: C1
Enter club city: Delhi
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new club:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of club:
3. Press 3 for Update club Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete club Details
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: 1
Enter club Id: 102
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

Enter club Name: C2

Enter club city: Noida 44
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new club:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of club:
3. Press 3 for Update club Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete club details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, ‘C1’, ‘Delhi’)
(102, ‘C2’ 'Noida’)
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new club:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of club:
3. Press 3 for Update club Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete club Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:3
Enter the club id for update: 102
Enter club New Name: C2Z
Enter club New city: Noida
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new club:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of club:
3. Press 3 for Update club Details:
4.Press 4 for Delete club Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, 'C1', 'Delhi')
(102, “C2Z", "Noida”)
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new club:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of club:
3. Press 3 for Update club Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete club Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 5:4
Enter the club id for delete: 102
Press ‘y’ for continue and ‘n’ for exit: y
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 CS Practical File Session 2024-25 CLASS 12

1. Press 1 for add new club:

2. Press 2 for Show the details of club;
3. Press 3 for Update club Details
4. Press 4 for Delete club Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, 'C1', 'Delhi’)
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new club:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of club:
3. Press 3 for Update club Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete club Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:5

Practical No 23: Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,

update, delete and exit. Performed on a table student containing (sid, sname,
course through python-MySql connectivity.

import mysql.connector
con = mysl.connector.connect(host "localhost"username="root",passwd="root")
mycursor = con.cursor()
mycursor.execute("create database if not exists Sbvburari”)
mycursor.execute("use Sbvburarig”)
mycursor.execute("create table if not exists Student(sid int primary
key,snamevarchar(20), course varchar(20))”)
c= “y”
while(c=="y" or "Y"):
print("1. Press 1 for add new Student:")
print("2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:")
prints( Press 3 for Update Student Detail:")
print("4. Press 4 for Delete Student Details:")
print( Press 5 for Exit: ")
choice=int(input("Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:")
if(choice==1):
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sid=int(input("Enter Student id:"))

sname=input("Enter Student Name:")
course=input("Enter Student Course:")
mycursor.execute("insert into Student values,%s,
%s)”,(sid,name,course))
con.commit()
elif(choice==2):
mycursor.execute("select * from Student")
mystudents=mycursor.fetchall)
for x in mystudents:
print(x)
elif choice ==3):
sid=int(input("Enter the Student id for update:"))
sname-input("Enter Student New Name:")
course=input("Enter Student New Course:")
mycursor.execute("update Student set sname=%s,course=%s where
sid=%s",(sname,course,sid))
con.commit()
elif(choice ==4):
cid=int(input("Enter the Student id for delete: "))
mycursor.execute("delete from Student where sid=%s",(sid))
con.commit()
elif(choice ==5):
break
else:
print("Wrong Choice")
c=input("Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n’ for exit:")

Output:
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RESTART: C\Users\SP SHARMA\AppData\Local\Program/Python Python38-32\P-4 py

1. Press 1 for add new Student:

2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:
3. Press 3 for Update Student Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Student Detail:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:1
Enter Student id: 101
Enter Student Name: Shiva
Enter Student Course: BCA
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Student:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:
3. Press 3 for Update Student Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Student Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:1
Enter Student Id: 102
Enter Student Name: Saanvi
Enter Student Course: B.Tech.
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Student:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:
3. Press 3 for Update Student Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Student Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(1, ‘Ram’, ‘BCA’)
(3, "Sam", "MCA”)
(101, 'Shiva', 'BCA’)
(102, “Saanvi ”, “B.Tech”)
Press ‘y’ for continue and ‘n’ for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Student details:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:
3. Press 3 for Update Student Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Student Details:

5. Press 5 for Exit: 47

Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:3
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Enter the Student id for update: 101

Enter Student New Name: Shiva
Enter Student New Course: MBA
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Student:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:
3. Press 3 for Update Student Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Student Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(1, 'Ram', 'BCA')
(3, 'Sam', 'MCA')
(101, 'Shiva', 'MBA')
(102, ‘Saanvi ', 'B.Tech.')
Press ‘y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Student:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:
3. Press 3 for Update Student Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Students:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:4
Enter the Student id for delete: 3
Press ‘y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Student:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:
3. Press 3 for Update Student Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Student Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(1, 'Ram', 'BCA’)
(3, ‘Sam', 'MCA’)
(102, ‘Saanvi ’, ‘B.Tech’)
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Student:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Students:
3. Press 3 for Update Student Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Student Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:5
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Practical No-24: Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,

update, delete and exit. Performed on a table movie containing (mid,
mname, rating) through python-MySql connectivity.

import mysql.connector
con=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",username="root",passwd="root")
mycursor con.cursor()
mycursor.execute("create database if not exists Sbvburarig")
mycursor.execute("use Sbvburarig")
mycursor.execute (“create table if not exists movie (mid int primary key,mname
varchar(20),rating float(5,2))”)
c== “y”
while(c=="y" orc== “Y "):
print(“1. Press 1 for add new movie: ")
print(“ 2.Press 2 for Show the details of movie:")
print("3. Press 3 for Update movie Details:")
print("4. Press 4 for Delete movie Details:")
print("5. Press 5 for Exit:")
choice = input("Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:”)
if(choice==1):
mid=int[input("Enter movie id:")
mname=input("Enter movie Name:")
rating float(input("Enter movie rating: ")
mycursor.execute("insert into movie
values(%s,%s,%s,%s)",(mid_mname,rating))
con.commit()
elif(choice==2):
mycursor.execute("select * from
movie") mymovies=mycursor.fetchall()
for x in mymovies:
print(x)
elif(choice ==3):
mid=int(input("Enter the movie id for update:"))
mname=input("Enter movie New Name:")
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rating=float(input("Enter movie New Rating: ")

mycursor.execute("update movie set mname=%s,rating=%s,
where mid=%s", (mname,rating,mid))
con.commit()
elif(choice==4):
mid=int(input("Enter the movie id for delete: "))
mycursor.execute("delete from movie where mid=%s", (mid))
con.commit()
elif(choice ==5):
break
else:
print("Wrong Choice")
c=input("Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit:")

OUTPUT:
=RESTART: C:\Users\SP SHARMA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python 38-32\P-4py

1. Press 1 for add new movie: 50

2. Press 2 for Show the details of movie:
3. Press 3 for Update movie Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete movie Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:1
Enter movie Id: 101
Enter movie Name: Ghatak
Enter movie rating: 4.6
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new movie:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of movie:
3.Press 3 for Update movie Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete movie Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: 2
(11, 'Gadar', 5.0)
(13, "Indian", 4.9)
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(101, 'Ghatak', 4.6)

Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit:y 51
1. Press 1 for add new movie:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of movie:
3. Press 3 for Update movie Details:
4. Press4 for Delete movie Detail:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:3
Enter the movie id for update: 201
Enter movie New Name: Ghatak
Enter movie New Rating: 4.8
Press 'y’ for continue and ‘n’ for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new movie:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of movie:
3. Press 3 for Update movie Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete movie Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(11, 'Gadar', 5.0)
(13, "Indian", 4.9)
(101, 'Ghatak', 4.8)
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new movie:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of movie:
3. Press 3 for Update movie Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete movie Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:4
Enter the movie id for delete: 101
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new movie:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of movie:
3. Press 3 for Update movie Detail:
4. Press-4 for Delete movie Detail:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(11, “Gadar”, 5.0)
(13, ‘Indian”, 4.9)
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n’ for exit: y
 DELHI
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1. Press 1 for add new movie:

2. Press 2 for Show the details of movie:
3. Press 3 for Update movie Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete movie Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:5
>>>

Practical No-25:Write a menu driven program to demonstrate add, display,

update, delete and exit. Performed on a table Employee containing (eid,
ename, salary) through python-MySql connectivity.

import mysql.connector
con = mysl.connector.connect(host "localhost"username="root",passwd="root")
mycursor = con.cursor()
mycursor.execute("create database if not exists Sbvburari”)
mycursor.execute("use Sbvburarig”)
mycursor.execute("create table if not exists Student(eid int primary
key,enamevarchar(20), salary float(8,2))”)
c= “y”
while(c=="y" or "Y"):
print("1. Press 1 for add new Employee: ")
print("2. Press 2 for Show the details of Employees: ")
print (“3. Press 3 for Update Employee Detail: ")
print("Press 4 for Delete Employee Detail:”)
print("5. Press 5 for Exit:")
choice=int(input (“Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:")
if(choice==1):
eid=int(input("Enter Employee Id:”))
ename=input("Enter Employee Name:")
salary=input("Enter Employee Salary:")
mycursor execute("insert into Employee
values(%s,%s,%s)”(eid,ename,salary))
con.commit()
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elif(choice==2):
mycursor.execute("select * from Employee")
myemp=mycursoc.fetchall()
for x in myemp:
print(x)
elif choice==3):
eid=int(input("Enter the Employee id for update: "))
ename=input("Enter Employee New Name:")
salary=input("Enter Employee New Salary:")
mycursor.execute("update Employee set ename=%s,
salary=%s where eid=%s",(ename,salary.eid))
con.commit()
elif(choice ==4):
eid=int(input("Enter the Employee id for delete: "))
mycursor.execute("delete from Employee where
eid=%s",(eid,))
con.commit()
elif(choice ==5):
break
else:
print("Wrong Choice")
c=input("Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit:")

Output:

Python 3.8.5 (3.8.558060, Jul 20 2020, 15:43:08) MSC 3526 32 bit (intel) on win32 Type "help",
"copyright", "credit" or "can" for more information.

=RESTART: C:/Users/SP SHARMA/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/Practical_25.py

1. Press 1 for add new Employee:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Employees:
3. Press 3 for Update Employee Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Employee Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:1
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Enter Employee Id: 101 Enter Employee Name: Anas Enter

Employee Salary: 234567 Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit:y
1. Press 1 for add new Employee: 2. Press 2 for Show the details
of Employees: 3. Press 3 for Update Employee Details: 4. Press 4
for Delete Employee Details: 5. Press 5 for Exit: Enter Your
Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: 1 Enter Employee Id: 102 Enter
Employee Name: Shubham Enter Employee Salary: 12345 Press
‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y 1. Press 1 for add new
Employee: 2. Press 2 for Show the details of Employees: 3. Press
3 for Update Employee Details: 4. Press 4 for Delete Employee
Details: 5. Press 5 for Exit: Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or
51 Enter Employee id: 103 Enter Employe Name: Saanvi Enter
Employee Salary: 134567 Press ‘y’ for continue and ‘n’ for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Employee: 2. Press 2 for Show the details
of Employees: 3. Press 3 for Update Employee Detail: 4. Press 4
for Delete Employee Details:

5. Press 5 for Exit:

Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, ‘Anas’, 234567.0)
(102, ‘ Shubham’, 1234560)
(103, ‘Saanvi ’, 134567.0)
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Employee:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Employees:
3. Press 3 for Update Employee Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Employee Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:3
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Enter the Employee id for update: 102

Enter Employee New Name: Sukriti Bhardwaj
Enter Employee New Salary: 174568
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Employee:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Employees:
3. Press 3 for Update Employee Details:
4 Press 4 for Delete Employee Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:2
(101, 'Anas’, 234567.0)
(102, "Sukriti Bhardwaj”, 174568.0)
(103, 'Saanvi ”, 134567.0)
Press ‘y’ for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Employee:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Employees:
3. Press 3 for Update Employee Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Employee Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5:4
Enter the Employee id for delete: 101
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: y
1. Press 1 for add new Employee:
2. Press 2 for Show the details of Employees:
3. Press 3 for Update Employee Details:
4. Press 4 for Delete Employee Details:
5. Press 5 for Exit:
Enter Your Choice 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5: 2
(102, ‘Sukriti Bhardwaj’, 174568.0)
(103, 'Saanvi ', 134567.0)
Press 'y' for continue and 'n' for exit: n
>>>
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Mysql Queries
Ques.1. Write a SQL query to create a database.

Ans:

To create a database we use create query.

Syntax:
Create database database_name;
To check/show the already created databases use the following query
Show databases ;

Ques.2. Write a SQL query to create a student table with the

student id, class, section, gender, name, dob, and marks as
attributes where the student id is the primary key.

Ans: Primary keys :

Primary key is a constraint of an attribute which cannot be NULL or duplicate.
Only one primary key is allowed in a table.
 To create a new table we use create table query.

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Syntax:
Create table table_name(col_name1 type primary key,col_name2 type, …..);

Ques.3: Write a SQL query to insert the details of at

least 10 students in the student table.
Ans: To insert the records in the table we use insert into query

Insert into table_namevalues(col1_value,col2_value,……);

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Ques.4: Write a SQL query to delete the details of a

particular student in the student table.

Ans: To delete the specific record from the table use delete command/query.
Syntax:
Delete from table_name where condition;
Note: Ifwe don’t use where clause it delte all the records one by one from the
table.

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Ques.5: Write a SQL query to increase the marks by 5%

for those students who are scoring marks more than 30.

Ans: UPDATE:
Update is a SQL query used to update/change/modify the record of a table.
Syntax
updatetable name set col_name=value,col_name=value,….where condition;

Ques.6: Write a SQL query to display the entire content of

the table.

Ans:

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Ques.7: Write a SQL query to display student_id, name and marks

of those students who are scoring marks more than 30.

Ans:

Ques.8: Write a SQL query to find the average marks from

the student table.
Ans:

Aggerate Function:
Aggerate Function in SQL:
1. SUM( ): Find the sum of the values of specific column.
2. MAX( ): Find the maximum values from the specific column.
3. MIN( ): Find the manimum values from the specific column.
4. AVG( ): Find the average of all values from the specific column.
5. COUNT( ) : Count the value from the specific column.

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Ques.9: Write a SQL query to find the number of students,

who are from section ‘A’.
Ans:

Ques.10: Write a SQL query to add a new column email in the

student table with appropriate data type.

Ans:

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Ques.11: Write a SQL query to add the email id’s of

each student in the previously created email column.

Ans:
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Ques.12: Write a SQL query to display the information of

all the students, whose name starts with ‘S’.
Ans:

Ques.13: Write a SQL query to display the student_id, name,

dob of those students who are born between ‘2005-01-01’ and
‘2005-12-31’
Ans:

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Ques.14: Write a SQL query to display the student_id, name, dob,

marks, email of male students in ascending order of their Name.

Ans:

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Ques.15: Write a SQL query to display the student_id, gender, name,

dob, marks, email of students in descending order of their marks.

Ans:

Ques.16: Write a SQL query to display the unique

section name from the student table.

Ans:

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Ques.17: Create a student table with student id, name and

marks as attribute, where the student id is the primary key.
Ans:

Ques.18: Insert the details of 5 students in the student table.

Ans:

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Ques.19: Delete the details of a student in the student table.

Ans:

Ques.20: Use the Select command to get the details of

the students with marks more than 30.
Ans:

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Ques.21: Anas, a student of class XII, created a table “CLASS”.

Grade is one of the columns of this table. Write the SQL query to
find the details of students whose grade have not been entered.

Ans:

AQnuaess.2is2:using a table with the following details:

Students(Name, Class, Stream_id, Stream_Name) Write the SQL
query to display the names of students who have not been
assigned any stream or have been assigned Stream_Name that
end with “computers”

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Ans:

Ques.23: Write the difference between drop, delete

and truncate command with example.

Ans:

1. DROP Command
The DROP command is used to remove a table, database, or other database objects
completely from the database.

□ Effect:
o It deletes the entire table, including its structure (schema), data, and indexes.
o Once dropped, the table cannot be recovered (unless a backup exists).
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□ Usage: Removes a database object permanently.

Example:

To remove the entire student table:

2. DELETE Command

The DELETE command is used to remove rows from a table based on a condition. The data is
deleted row row, and the table structure remains intact.

□ Effect:
o Deletes data from a table.
o The table structure, columns, and indexes remain.
o The deletion can be conditional (using a WHERE clause).
o Supports rollback if wrapped in a transaction (since it is a DML command).

Example:

To delete all rows from the student table:

To delete specific rows based on a condition (e.g., delete students with age > 20):
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3. TRUNCATE Command
The TRUNCATE command is used to remove all rows from a table, but unlike DELETE, it does
not log indiv row deletions, making it faster.

□ Effect:
o Removes all rows in the table.
o Does not remove the table structure (only data).
o Cannot be selective (no WHERE clause).
o Cannot be rolled back in many systems (unless wrapped in a transaction).
o Resets auto-increment counters (if the table has an auto-increment field).

Example:

To remove all rows from the student table:

Difference with DROP,DELETE AND TRUNCATE by table:

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Ques.24: Write the sort notes on group by, having and

where clause with example.
Ans:

1. GROUP BY Clause

The GROUP BY clause is used in SQL to group rows that have the same values in specified
columns into summary rows. It is often used with aggregate functions like COUNT(),
SUM(), AVG(), MIN(), and MAX() to perform operations on each group of rows.
Purpose:

□ To aggregate data and apply functions to groups of rows rather than individual rows.

Syntax:

Example:

To find the total marks for each student in a grouped by the student name:
tasbtuledent_marks

2. HAVING Clause
The
HAVINGclause is used in SQL to filter records that have been grouped GbRyOthUeP BY
clause. It is similar to theWHEREclause but is applied after grouping data.
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Purpose:

□ To filter groups or aggregate results based on conditions, especially when using

aggregate functions.

Syntax:

Example:

To find the students whose total marks are greater than 200 table:
frosmtudtehnet_marks

3. WHERE Clause

The WHERE clause is used to filter rows before any grouping or aggregation takes place. It is
used to specify conditions that must be met for a row to be included in the result set.
Purpose:

□ To filter records based on specified conditions before applying any grouping or

aggregation.
Syntax:

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Example:

To get the details of students who scored more than 50 marks table:
frosmtudtehnet_marks
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Ques.25: Write the SQL query to find out the square root of 26.

Ans:
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Ques.26: Anas is using a table employee. It has following details:

Employee (Code, Name, Salary, DeptCode). Write the SQL query to
display maximum salary department wise.
Ans:

Ques.27:Write the SQL Query to display the difference

of highest and lowest salary of each department
having maximum salary greater than 4000.
Ans:

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Ques.28: Write the SQL Query to increase 20% salary of the

employee whose experience is more than 5 year of the table
Emp(id, name, salary, exp)
Ans:

Ques.29: Write the SQL Query for inner join of two tables
Emp(eid, ename, salary, dept_id) and Dept(dept_id, dname).
Ans:

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Ques.30: Write the SQL Query for full outer join of two tables
Emp(eid, ename,salary,dept_id) and Dept(dept_id, dname).

Ans:

Ques.31: Write a SQL to Enter 5 Employee data in a

single query in the table Emp (eid, ename, salary, city,
dob).
Ans:
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Ques.32: Display 4 characters extracted from 5th

right character onwards from string ‘ABCDEFG’.

Ans:

Ques.33: Write a query to create a string from the ASCII

values 65, 67.3, ‘68.3’

Ans:

Ques.34: Display names ‘MR. MODI’ and ‘MR. Sharma’

into lowercase.
Ans:

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Ques.35: How many characters are there in string ‘CANDIDE’.

Ans:

Ques.36: Create a customer (customer_id, name, country)

table and find the number of customer from each country in the
table using group by.
Ans:

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Ques.38: Write any one similarity and one difference

between Primary key and unique key constraint.

Ans:

Similarity: Column with both the constraints will only take unique values.

Difference: Column with Primary key constraints will not be able to hold NULL
values while Column with Unique constraints will be able to hold NULL values.

Ques.39: Write the difference between char() and varchar().

Ans:

SR.NO. CHAR() VARCHAR()

CHAR data type is used tostore VARCHAR data type is used to store
1. character strings of fixed length. character strings of variable length.
In CHAR, If the length of the string is In VARCHAR, If the length of the string
2. less than set or fixed-length then it is is less than the set or fixed-length
then pitawdidllesdtowreitahseitxtisrawmithemouotrpyasdpdaeced. with
extra memory spaces.
CHAR stands for "Character". VARCHAR stands for "Variable
3. Character".
Storage size of CHAR data types is The storage size of the VARCHAR data
4. teyqpueailstoeqnubayl teosthi.e.
asect uleanl gletnhg. th of the entered
string in bytes.
We should use the CHAR data type We should use the VARCHAR data type
5. when we expect the data values in a when we expect the data values
in a column are ofthe same length. column are of variable length.

CHAR takes 1 byte for each character. VeaAcRhCHAR takes 1 byte for
6. character and some extra bytes for
holding length information.
Better performance than Performance is not good as compared to
VARCHAR().
CHAR().
7.
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Ques.40: Write the difference between count (column_name) and

count(*).

Ans:

Difference Between COUNT(column_name) and COUNT(*) in SQL:

In SQL, both COUNT (column_name) and COUNT(*) are aggregate functions used to count
rows, but they differ in how they handle NULL values and their scope of operation.
Below is a detailed explanation of their differences.
1. COUNT(column_name)
•
Definition:

COUNT (column_name) counts only the non-NULL values in the specified column. It
evaluates the values in a specific column and ignores rows where the value in that column
is NULL.

• Key Characteristics:

o If a column has NULL values, those rows are excluded from the count.
o The function focuses on the presence of meaningful, non-NULL data in the
specified column.

• Use Case:

Use COUNT (column_name) when you want to count how many non-NULL values
exist in a particular column. This is helpful when you're interested in data
completeness or valid entries for a specific field.

Example:

Consider a table employees with the following salary column:

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• Query:

• Result:
The query returns 3 because the row with a NULL value is excluded.

2. COUNT(*)

• Definition: COUNT(*) counts all rows in the table, regardless of whether they contain

NULL values in
ny column. It does not evaluate any specific column but instead counts each row as
a
whole.

• Key Characteristics:
o Includes all rows, even if all columns in a row contain NULL values.
o Used to calculate the total number of rows in a table or a query result set.

• Use Case:

Use COUNT(*) when you want the total number of rows in a table or when
checking the overall row count, regardless of the values in any particular
column.

• Exa
mple:

Using the same employees table:

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□ Query:

• R
esult: The query returns 4 because all the row, including the one with a NULL value,
are counted.

Key Differences

1. NULL Handling:

•COUNT (column_name) ignores rows where the specified column has

NULL values.
•COUNT(*) counts all rows, including those with NULL values in the
specified column or even if all columns are NULL.

2. Scope of Operation:

• COUNT (column_name) focuses on one column and evaluates the presence

of non-NULL values in that column.
• COUNT(*) operates on the entire row, counting every row in the table.

3. Purpose:

• COUNT (column_name) is used to measure data completeness or to

analyze specific attributes in the data.
• COUNT(*) is used to calculate the total number of rows in a dataset.

Practical Scenarios

1. Analyzing Data Completeness: If you want to determine how many

employees have provided their salary information, use:

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2. Counting All Rows in a Table:To find the total number of employees in the
table, including those who haven't provided salary information, use:

3. Combining Both: To compare the total num rows with the number of that have
non- NULL salary values, you can use:

OUTPUT:

Conclusion
• Use COUNT (column_name) when you need to count only the
meaningful, non-NULL entries in a specific column.

• Use COUNT(*) when you want to count all rows in a table, regardless of
the Presence of NULL values.

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