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56 views2 pages

Document

Uploaded by

Cvim Xarmaaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GATE 2025

Discrete Mathematics: Propositional and first order logic. Sets, relations, functions, partial
orders andlattices. Monoids, Groups. Graphs: connectivity, matching, colouring. Combinatorics:
counting, recurrence relations, generating functions.

Linear Algebra: Matrices, determinants, system of linear equations, eigenvalues and


eigenvectors, LU decomposition.

Calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability, Maxima and minima, Mean value theorem,
Integration.Probability and Statistics: Random variables, Uniform, normal, exponential, Poisson
and binomial distributions. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Conditional probability
and Bayes theorem.

Section 2: Digital Logic Boolean algebra. Combinational and sequential circuits. Minimization.
Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point).

Section 3: Computer Organization and Architecture Machine instructions and addressing


modes. ALU, data‐path and control unit. Instruction pipelining, pipeline hazards. Memory
hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode).

Section 4: Programming and Data Structures Programming in C. Recursion. Arrays, stacks,


queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps,graphs.

Section 5: Algorithms Searching, sorting, hashing. Asymptotic worst case time and space
complexity. Algorithm design techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐
conquer. Graph traversals, minimum spanning

trees, shortest paths.

Section 6: Theory of Computation Regular expressions and finite automata. Context-free


grammars and push-down automata. Regular and context-free languages, pumping lemma.
Turing machines and undecidability.

Section 7: Compiler Design Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax-directed translation. Runtime


environments. Intermediate code generation. Local optimisation, Data flow analyses: constant
propagation, liveness analysis, common sub expression elimination.

Section 8: Operating System System calls, processes, threads, inter‐process communication,


concurrency and synchronization.Deadlock. CPU and I/O scheduling. Memory management and
virtual memory. File systems.

Section 9: Databases ER‐model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL.
Integrity constraints, normal forms. File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees).
Transactions and concurrency control.

Section 10: Computer Networks Concept of layering: OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks; Basics
of packet, circuit and virtual circuit-Switching; Data link layer: framing, error detection, Medium
Access Control, Ethernet bridging; Routing Protocols: shortest path, flooding, distance vector
and link state routing; Fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation, Basics of IP
support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), Network Address Translation(NAT); Transport layer: flow
control and congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets; Application layerProtocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP,
FTP, Email.

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